Jessore
Jashore
যশোর Jessore | |
|---|---|
      Clockwise for top: Jessore town,Jessore Airport,academic building ofJashore University of Science and Technology,Jessore Institute Public Library,Jessore Polytechnic Institute,Michael Madhusudan College | |
  Jashore  Jashore | |
| Coordinates:23°10′01″N89°12′32″E/ 23.167°N 89.209°E | |
| Country |  Bangladesh |
| Division | Khulna |
| District | Jessore |
| Upazila | Jessore Sadar |
| Established | 1450 |
| Municipality | 13 July 1864 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-Council |
| • Body | Jashore Municipality |
| •Mayor | Vacant |
| Area | |
| • Total | 21.15 km2(8.17 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 6 m (20 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 209,330 |
| • Rank | 13th |
| • Density | 9,900/km2(26,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Jashorie or Jessoree |
| Time zone | UTC+6(BST) |
| Postal Code | 7400–7409 |
| IDD : Calling Code | +880 (0)421 |
| Languages | Standard Bengali(Official) |
| Police | Bangladesh Police |
| Airport | Jessore Airport |
| Literacy rate | 58.56 |
| Website | www |
Jessore(Bengali:যশোর,romanized:jôshor,[dʒɔʃor]), officiallyJashore,[a]is a city ofJessore DistrictinKhulna Division.It lies in southwesternBangladesh.It is home to the first flight training school of the Bangladeshi Air Force, established in 1971.[2]It is the administrative centre (headquarter) of the eponymous district and the third largest and second developed city inKhulna Division.It is one of the industrious and developed cities in Bangladesh. Jessore city consists of 9 wards and 73 mahalls. Jashore municipality was established in 1864.[3]The area of the town is 21.15 km2.It has a population of about 298,000 according to the record of Jessore municipality. Jessore also has a domestic airport named asJessore Airport.
Name
[edit]The present-day city of Jashore was originally known asKasba.The current name was originally acquired from the name of the surroundingparganaandzamindariestate of Jashore, orJesar,when Kasba became its capital. The district's name was also applied to its two previous capitals, which are now known asIshwaripurandMurali,respectively, so early mentions of jashore are not referring to the modern town.[4]: 45
The name "Jashore" is traditionally explained as a derivation from theSanskritnameYaśohara,meaning "glory-depriving".[5]: 23 The name originally applied to the town now called Ishwaripur,[4]: 45 which was founded sometime after 1573-74 by Vikramaditya, father ofPratapaditya.According to J. Westland, "glory-depriving" may have been used in the sense of "so glorious that it makes other cities seem humble in comparison". An inscription atKanhaynagarrecords a similar epithet for that place:ruchira-ruchi-hara,or "depriving of beauty that which is beautiful".[5]: 23
History
[edit]TheAin-i Akbarilists a pargana of Jesar as part ofsarkarKhalifatabad.This Jesar is a reference to today's Ishwaripur. Ishwaripur is also the Jesar mentioned in theBahāristān-i Ghaibī.The zamindars of Jesar later shifted their capital to Murali and then to nearby Kasba, and the name "Jessore" was transferred to each of them in succession. One or both of these shifts had happened by around 1660, whenMattheus van den Broucke's map of Bengalshows a "Jessoor" in the same spot as today's city; however, because Murali and Kasba are so close together, it's uncertain which one specifically is being shown here.[4]: 45
It was the capital ofPratapaditya,the one and only Hindu ruler of the 12 Bhuiyas of Bengal, who had also famously fought against Mughal intrusion in East Bengal. He was defeated by Mughal forces and his territories were annexed into theMughal Empire.
It was the first district to be freed and taken back by Bengali rule in theLiberation War,on 8 December 1971.
Demographics
[edit]According to the2022 Bangladesh census,Jessore city had a population of 209,330.[7]: 388–394
According to the2011 Bangladesh census,Jessore city had 45,930 households and a population of 201,796. 33,717 (16.71%) were under 10 years of age. Jessore had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 76.44%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 926 females per 1000 males.[6]
Education
[edit]- Jashore University of Science and Technology
- Jessore Medical College
- Army Medical College, Jessore
- Michael Madhusudan College
- BAF Shaheen College Jashore
- Jessore Zilla School
- Cantonment College, Jashore
Transport
[edit]The city is the transport hub of the district and southern Bangladesh.
To the north it is connected bynational highway N7toJhenaidah,about 50 kilometres (31 mi) away.N702runs northeast 45 kilometres (28 mi) to Magura. To the east it is connected by regional highwayN806to Narail, about 32 kilometres (20 mi) away. N7 continues southeast to divisional headquartersKhulna,about 55 kilometres (34 mi) away. Regional highwayR755runs south 45 kilometres (28 mi) to Chuknagar on the N760 betweenSatkhiraand Khulna.N706runs west toBenapole,37 kilometres (23 mi) away, on the border with India.
Jessore Junction railway stationis on the main line connectingDarshana and Khulna.In July 2023, it was served by between 8 and 12 intercity trains a day.[8]
Jessore Airportserved over 19 thousand passengers in December 2022.[9]It is located in the western part of the city, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from downtown, and maintains scheduled passenger flights to Dhaka.[10]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Jessore (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) |
37.8 (100.0) |
41.0 (105.8) |
43.8 (110.8) |
43.2 (109.8) |
41.8 (107.2) |
37.8 (100.0) |
38.2 (100.8) |
37.4 (99.3) |
38.6 (101.5) |
34.4 (93.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
43.8 (110.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.3 (77.5) |
29.1 (84.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.8 (96.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
34.3 (93.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.2 (91.8) |
32.8 (91.0) |
30.5 (86.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
31.9 (89.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
23.6 (74.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
17.6 (63.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
10.8 (51.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
4.2 (39.6) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 12 (0.5) |
23 (0.9) |
37 (1.5) |
68 (2.7) |
175 (6.9) |
283 (11.1) |
370 (14.6) |
257 (10.1) |
266 (10.5) |
145 (5.7) |
24 (0.9) |
7 (0.3) |
1,667 (65.6) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1 mm) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 21 | 16 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 110 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 188.9 | 203.9 | 221.9 | 217.7 | 206.5 | 141.5 | 127.0 | 133.8 | 145.2 | 188.4 | 201.2 | 183.2 | 2,159.2 |
| Source:NOAA[11] | |||||||||||||
Notes
[edit]- ^The spelling of the district name in the Latin script wasofficiallychanged fromJessoretoJashorein April 2018.[1]
References
[edit]
- ^Mahadi Al Hasnat (2 April 2018)."Mixed reactions as govt changes English spellings of 5 district names".Dhaka Tribune.Retrieved8 April2018.
- ^"Flight Instructors' School".Bangladesh Air Force.Retrieved27 April2023.
- ^"Jashore Sadar".Ministry of Local Government.Retrieved21 October2020.
- ^abcHabib, Irfan (1982).An Atlas of the Mughal Empire.Oxford University Press.ISBN0195603796.Retrieved26 March2023.
- ^abWestland, J. (1874).A Report on the District of Jashore: Its Antiquities, Its History, and Its Commerce.Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press.Retrieved15 May2023.
- ^ab"Population & Housing Census 2011 (Zila Series & Community Series)".bbs.gov.bd.Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
- ^Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report(PDF).Vol. 1.Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.November 2023.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: year (link) - ^"Intercity Trains"(PDF).Bangladesh Railways.Retrieved24 July2023.
- ^"Bangladesh | Air Traffic Movement".CEIC.Retrieved24 July2023.
- ^"Jashore Airport".Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh.Retrieved24 July2023.
- ^"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Jessore".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedJune 13,2024.
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