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Jaworzno

Coordinates:50°12′16″N19°16′12″E/ 50.20444°N 19.27000°E/50.20444; 19.27000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also:Jaworzno, Opole Voivodeship
Jaworzno
Rynek ("Market Square") in Jaworzno
Rynek( "Market Square" ) in Jaworzno
Flag of Jaworzno
Flag
Coat of arms of Jaworzno
Coat of arms
Motto(s):
Jaworzno – źródło energii.
Jaworzno – the source of energy
Jaworzno is located in Poland
Jaworzno
Jaworzno
Coordinates:50°12′16″N19°16′12″E/ 50.20444°N 19.27000°E/50.20444; 19.27000
CountryPoland
VoivodeshipSilesian
Countycounty
Established1229
City rights1901
Government
• country mayorPaweł Silbert
Area
• Total153 km2(59 sq mi)
Population
(31 December 2021)
• Total89,350Decrease[1]
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
43–600 to 43–618
Area code+48 32
Car platesSJ
Websitehttp:// jaworzno.pl/

Jaworzno[jaˈvɔʐnɔ]ⓘis acityin southernPoland,nearKatowice.It lies in theSilesian Highlands,on thePrzemszariver (a tributary of theVistula). Jaworzno belongs toLesser Polandand despite belonging to Silesian Voivodeship since 1999, Jaworzno is not part ofSilesia.The city is situated in theSilesian Voivodeshipsince its formation in 1999, previously (1975–1999) it was inKatowice Voivodeship.Jaworzno is one of the cities of the 2,7 million conurbation –Katowice urban areaand within a greaterKatowice-Ostrava metropolitan areapopulated by about 5,294,000 people.[2]The population of the city is 89,350 (2021).[1]

Geography[edit]

Location[edit]

The municipality is situated a short distance to the north-east of Junction 41 on theA4 Highway.It lies in theSilesian Highlands,in the historical region ofLesser Poland,and since its foundation until 1975, it was administratively tied with Lesser Poland's capital,Kraków.Until 1795, it belonged toKraków Voivodeship,then, together with Kraków, was seized by theHabsburg Empirein thePartitions of Poland.In 1815–1846 it belonged to theFree City of Kraków,which was annexed by Austria and merged withKingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.In 1918 Jaworzno returned to Poland. The name of the city comes from thejawortrees (sycamore maple), which in the past were abundant in this area.

Administrative position[edit]

Jaworzno was placed into theSilesian Voivodeship(province) effective January 1, 1999 under the Local Government Reorganization Act. Previously, it was attached to theKatowice Voivodeship(1975–1998) and before that to theKraków Voivodeship.Jaworzno lies in the east of the largest metropolis in Poland and one of the largest in theEuropean Union,numbering about 3,5 million. This urban expansion bloomed in the 19th century thanks to the rapid development of mining and metallurgical industries. In 2006 Jaworzno and 14 neighboring cities formed a multimunicipal structure, the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union. Its population was 2 million and its area was 1,304 square kilometres (503 sq mi). In 2016 Jaworzno left the Union,[3]and in 2017 refused to join theMetropolis GZM(which eventually superseded the Union), mainly due to concerns about public transport quality.[4]

Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union

Climate[edit]

The climate of the area is continental humid. The annual average temperature is 8 °C (46 °F) (January average −1.7 °C (28.9 °F) and July average 17.7 °C (63.9 °F) °C). Yearly rainfall averages at 750 mm (29.5 in), the most rainy month being July. The area's characteristic weak winds blow at about 2 m/s from the west (Moravian Gate).

Transport[edit]

  • Routes

Jaworzno is located at the intersection of a number of road routes such as the A4 motorway (part ofEuropean route E40), theS1 expresswaywhich is connected with theA1 motorway(both forming part of theEuropean route E75), theNational roadNo. 79 (Warsaw–Bytom), andVoivodeship road903.

  • Public transport

Public transport is provided by PKM Jaworzno (Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Miejskiej w Jaworznie – public transport company in Jaworzno) not belonging to the KZK GOP. PKM Jaworzno was one of the first public transport companies in Poland which introduced the magnetic card called Jaworznicka Karta miejska (Jaworzno Urban Card) instead of paper tickets. Currently PKM Jaworzno is one of the most modern public transport companies in Poland. The PKM Jaworzno's fleet is based 40% on electric vehicles.[5][6]

Districts and housing estates[edit]

Districts of Jaworzno
  • Bory
  • Byczyna
  • Cezarówka
  • Ciężkowice
  • Dąbrowa Narodowa
  • Długoszyn
  • Dobra
  • Gigant
  • Góra Piasku
  • Jeleń
  • Jeziorki
  • Koźmin
  • Niedzieliska
  • Pieczyska
  • Siłownia
  • Podwale
  • Stara Huta
  • Stare Miasto (Old City)
  • Szczakowa
  • Śródmieście (Downtown)
  • Wilkoszyn
  • Wysoki Brzeg
  • Osiedle Stałe
  • Osiedle Awaryjne
  • Osiedle Cegielniana
  • Osiedle Chrząstówka
  • Osiedle Energetyków
  • Osiedle Gagarina
  • Osiedle Górnicze
  • Osiedle Kościuszki
  • Osiedle Warpie
  • Osiedle Leopold
  • Osiedle Łubowiec
  • Osiedle Pańska Góra
  • Osiedle Podłęże
  • Osiedle Skałka
  • Osiedle Pszczelnik
  • Osiedle Sobieski

History[edit]

In theMiddle Ages,agordwas established on theGrodziskohill, traces of which can still be found. First known mention of Jaworzno comes from the year 1229, and in 1335, a parish church ofSt. Wojciechexisted here. Jaworzno remained a small village, located in westernLesser Poland,near the much larger and more important town ofChrzanów.From 1179, the nearbyPrzemszariver marked the border between Lesser Poland andSilesia.It also became a state border of Poland until 1922. The area of Jaworzno was originally under the rule of thebishops of Kraków.AfterAustriaseizedSilesiaat the end of the 17th century, severalcoal mineswere developed near Jaworzno. In the 18th century, deposits of silver, lead, iron and zinc were found here. In 1767, first coal mine in thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealthwas opened inSzczakowa.

Early 20th-century view of the train station

After thePartitions of PolandJaworzno belonged to the Habsburg Empire. In 1809 – 1815 it was part of theDuchy of Warsaw,and in 1815–1846, it belonged to theFree City of Krakow,which in 1846 was annexed by theAustrian Empire.Jaworzno remained in AustrianGaliciauntil November 1918. In the 19th century, the village became famous for the so-calledThree Emperors' Corner,where borders of three powers met (German Empire,Russian EmpireandAustria-Hungary). In 1847 a new railway line connects Jaworzno's Szczakowa district withKrakówand PrussianUpper Silesia.The village became a center of industrialization. A power plant was opened in 1898, and Jaworzno's coal mines extracted 84% of Galician coal. Several new factories were established here in the late 19th and early 20th century. As a result, on September 21, 1901, EmperorFranz Joseph Igranted a town charter to Jaworzno.

FollowingWorld War I,in 1918, Poland regained independence and control of the town. In theSecond Polish Republic,Jaworzno belonged to theKraków Voivodeship,in which it also remained after the war, until 1975.

Following the joint German-Sovietinvasion of Poland,which startedWorld War IIin September 1939, the town wasoccupied by Germany.The Germans operated severalforced labourcamps in the town, including a Nazi prison/forced labour camp, asubcampof theAuschwitz concentration campand the E596 subcamp of theStalag VIII-B/344prisoner-of-war campforWestern AlliedPOWs at the Jan Kanty Coal Mine (under occupation namedDachsgrube),[7][8]and the E561, E563 and E732 subcamps of Stalag VIII-B/344, located at a local railway depot, at theSobieski Coal Mine(then renamedRobertsgrube) and in the present-day district ofSzczakowa,respectively.[9]

After the war, the town was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until theFall of Communismin the 1980s. The communists converted the former Nazi German subcamp of Auschwitz into theCentral Labour Camp Jaworzno.In thePeople's Republic of PolandJaworzno developed as an important center of industry. Its population quickly grew, when thousands of migrants came here in search of work at coal mines, power plants and other factories. Furthermore, several villages were integrated with Jaworzno. As a result, Jaworzno's area reaches 152 square kilometres (59 sq mi). In 1975 the city became part ofKatowice Voivodeship.Despite the fact that most towns of pre-1975Chrzanów Countyreturned toLesser Poland,Jaworzno was attached to theSilesian Voivodeshipin 1999.

Environment[edit]

Sosina artificial lake

Greens, forests, and undeveloped land constitute 60 percent of the town's area. Jaworzno has environmentally valuable areas which as a group present a diversity of landscapes and vegetation as well as a richness offloraandfauna.These include the Dolina Zabnika nature reserve, the Dobra Wilkoszyn landscape protection area, the Sasanka natural surface monument, Grodzisko hill, and Sosina lake. Within Jaworzno's boundaries there are 41 plant species under strict protection and 11 under partial protection.[citation needed]

Media[edit]

Saint Elisabeth of Hungary Church in Jaworzno
  • Online News
    • Jaw.pl
    • Jaworzno.naszemiasto.pl
    • Mojejaworzno.pl
  • TV Station
    • DlaCiebie.TV
  • Newspapers
    • Co Tydzień
    • Tydzień w Jaworznie
    • Extra
    • Sokół Jaworznicki

Sport and culture[edit]

Sports hall

The city of Jaworzno has many sporting facilities at the Europe-wide level and offers a rich variety of educational and cultural activities. The city major arena, theHala Widowiskowo-Sportowa,can seat 2,500 spectators. TheSosinawater sports centre is the venue for the annual Polishwater-skiingchampionships.

Football[edit]

Notable people[edit]

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Jaworzno istwinnedwith:[10]

References[edit]

Notes
  1. ^ab"Local Data Bank".Statistics Poland.Retrieved11 August2022.Data for territorial unit 2468000.
  2. ^European Spatial Planning Observation Network(ESPON)"Project 1.4.3".Archived fromthe originalon 2009-07-28.Retrieved2009-03-28.
  3. ^Jaworzno występuje z GZM. Radni przyjęli uchwałę w sprawie wyjścia z metropolii
  4. ^Jaworzno (znów) wychodzi z metropolii. Silbert: "Nie da nam żadnych korzyści"
  5. ^Jaworzno w 40 proc. oparte na autobusach elektrycznych Solarisa
  6. ^Jaworzno zakupiło 22 autobusy elektryczne
  7. ^"NS-Gefängnis als Straflager Jaworzno in der Kohlengrube Neudachs".Bundesarchiv.de(in German).Retrieved28 November2021.
  8. ^"Neu-Dachs".Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau.Retrieved28 November2021.
  9. ^"Working Parties".Lamsdorf.Archived fromthe originalon 29 October 2020.Retrieved28 November2021.
  10. ^"Współpraca z zagranicą".um.jaworzno.pl(in Polish). Jaworzno.Retrieved2020-03-10.
  11. ^https:// facebook /share/p/wF3DtZ9YJF7pMnWF/

External links[edit]

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