Jindires

Jindires

جنديرس
Jindires جنديرس
Town
	Jindires after its capture by theSyrian National Armyin March 2018.
	Jindires
	Coordinates:36°23′41″N36°41′20″E/ 36.39472°N 36.68889°E
Country	Syria
Governorate	Aleppo
District	Afrin
Subdistrict	Jindires
Control	Hayat Tahrir al-Sham
Population (2004 census)
• Total	13,661
Time zone	UTC+2(EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3(EEST)

Jindires(Arabic:جنديرس;Kurdish:CindirêsorCindirêsê)^[a]is a town in northernSyriain theAfrin Districtof theAleppo Governorate.It is located on theAfrin River,68.4 kilometres (42.5 mi) northwest by road fromAleppoand 20.9 kilometres (13.0 mi) southwest ofAfrin.^[2]Nearby localities include Deir Ballut and Bayadah to the southwest, Zahra to the northwest,Kafr Safrato the north, Afrin to the northeast andBurj Abdullahto the east. According to theSyria Central Bureau of Statistics(CBS), Jindires had a population of 13,661 in the 2004 census.^[1]It was captured by theTurkish Militaryand its proxy, the "Syrian National Army"in March 2018.^[3]On 12 October 2022,Hayat Tahrir al-Shamtook partial control of the town,^[4]followed by a complete takeover on 21 March 2023.^[5]

Name

Jindiris is the site of the ancient town ofGindarusorGindaros(Ancient Greek:Γίνδαρος) also called Gindara (Ancient Greek:Γίνδαρα).^[6]TheMiddle PersianandParthiantransliterations, attested inShapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht,areGndlswyandGndrwsrespectively.^[7]

History

The ancient town was originally anacropolisofCyrrhesticaduring theHellenistic period.^[8]TheBattle of Mount Gindarustook place near the town in 38 BC. TheParthiansunderPacorus Isuffered a massive defeat to theRomanarmies ofVentidiusand Pacorus himself was killed in battle.^[9]^[7]Under theRomansthe city belonged toAntioch.^[8]In 252/3, during the second Roman campaign ofSasanianKingShapur I(r. 240–270), the city was captured by the Persians.^[7]EmperorTheodosius Ifortified the city during his reign (379–395).^[10]Traces of the fortified wall still remain on the south and west side of the tell, while the modern village is located at the base.^[11]

In the 14th century, duringMamlukrule, Jindires was visited by Syrian geographeral-Dimashqiwho described it as "a town nearTizin,and in the territory of Jumah. It is a place full of habitations. There are thermal springs here, but it is unknown where the waters rise, or whither they flow. "^[12]

The 19th-century British writer,William Harrison Ainsworth,visited the village and described it in his magazine as "containing about fifty cottages, and characterized by its artificial mound, or tel, upon which but few traces are now to be met of the castle or citadel (Acropolis in Greek; Arx in Latin) of Cyrrhestica, and described byStraboas 'a fit receptacle for thieves.' "^[13]

Ecclesiastical history

The first and only known bishop of Gindarus was Peter, who attended theCouncil of Nicaea in 325^[14]and that ofAntioch in 341.^[15]^[16]At the time ofJustinian,Gindarus had only aperiodeutesand not a bishop. The relics ofSt. Marinuswere kept here but were later transferred toAntioch.^[16]The bishopric is included in theCatholic Church's list oftitular sees.^[17]

Modern era

In the summer of 2012, during theSyrian uprising,Jindires was taken over by thePeople's Protection Units(YPG).^[18]

On 8 March 2018, Jindires was captured by theTurkish Armyand their allies theSyrian National Armyfrom theYPG,duringOperation Olive Branch.^[3]Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) entered and took partial control of the town on 12 October 2022.^[4]The town was heavily damaged in the earthquake of6 February 2023,with hundreds of residents killed or injured.

The SNA group Jaysh al-Sharqiya shot and killed fourKurdishcivilians duringNewrozcelebrations in the town on 20 March 2023.HTSthen expelled Jaysh al-Sharqiya and took full control the next day.^[5]

Demographics

In late 19th century, German orientalistMartin Hartmannnoted Jindires as a settlement with 20 houses inhabited byKurds.^[19]

Notes

^also spelledJinderis,Jandairis,Jandires,Jendires,Jendeires,orJandarus

References

^^a ^bGeneral Census of Population and Housing 2004.Syria Central Bureau of Statistics(CBS). Aleppo Governorate.Archived(in Arabic)
^Maps(Map).Google Maps.
^^a ^b"48. Gününde Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı".Suriye Gündemi. Archived fromthe originalon June 21, 2019.RetrievedMarch 8,2018.
^^a ^b"HTS Takes Full Control Of Jindires District In Syria's Afrin".North Press Agency.12 October 2022.
^^a ^bFarouq Hamo (21 March 2023)."HTS takes control of Jindires from SNA following killing incident".North Press Agency.
^"ToposText".topostext.org.RetrievedMay 1,2023.
^^a ^b ^cKettenhofen 2001,p. 672.
^^a ^bCohen, 2006,pp. 170-171
^Kreitzer, 1996, p. 44.
^Vailhé (1909). Cites:Patrologia Graeca,XCVII, 517.
^Sagona, 1984, p. 323.
^le Strange, 1890, p. 462.
^Ainsworth, 1844, p. 35.
^Gelzer, Patrum Nicænorum nomina, p. 61
^Lequien, Oriens Christ., II, 789
^^a ^bCatholic Encyclopedia1907-1912,s.v.'Gindarus'
^Annuario Pontificio 2013(Libreria Editrice Vaticana,2013,ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p.902
^"Tyrkisk avis: Kurdistan nr. 2 bliver dannet".Jiyan.dk(in Danish). 22 July 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 28 July 2013.Retrieved28 July2012.
^Hartmann, Martin (1894).Das liwa Haleb (Aleppo) und ein Teil des Liwa Dschebel Bereket.Berlin: W. Pormetter. p. 97.

Sources

Cohen, Getzel M. (2006).The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Afric.University of California Press Press.ISBN 9780520241480.
Kettenhofen, Erich (2001)."GINDAROS".InYarshater, Ehsan(ed.).Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume X/6: Germany VI–Gindaros.London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 672.ISBN 978-0-933273-55-9.
Kreitzer, Larry Josep (1996).Striking New Images: Roman Imperial Coinage and the New Testament World.Continuum International Publishing Group.ISBN 9781850756231.
le Strange, Guy (1890).Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500.Committee of thePalestine Exploration Fund.
Sagona, A. G. (1984).The Caucasian region in the early Bronze Age.Vol. 2. B.A.R.ISBN 9780860542773.
Ainsworth, William Harrison (1844).Ainsworth's magazine.Vol. 6. Chapman and Hall.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Vailhé, S. (1909). "Gindarus".In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).Catholic Encyclopedia.Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

External links

[2] so spelledJinderis,Jandairis,Jandires,Jendires,Jendeires,orJandarus

[CBS-1] General Census of Population and Housing 2004.Syria Central Bureau of Statistics(CBS). Aleppo Governorate.Archived(in Arabic)

[GM-3] Maps(Map).Google Maps.

[auto-4] "48. Gününde Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı".Suriye Gündemi. Archived fromthe originalon June 21, 2019.RetrievedMarch 8,2018.

[HTScontrol1-5] "HTS Takes Full Control Of Jindires District In Syria's Afrin".North Press Agency.12 October 2022.

[HTScontrol2-6] Farouq Hamo (21 March 2023)."HTS takes control of Jindires from SNA following killing incident".North Press Agency.

[7] "ToposText".topostext.org.RetrievedMay 1,2023.

[FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2001672-8] Kettenhofen 2001,p. 672.

[Cohen-9] Cohen, 2006,pp. 170-171

[10] Kreitzer, 1996, p. 44.

[11] Vailhé (1909). Cites:Patrologia Graeca,XCVII, 517.

[12] Sagona, 1984, p. 323.

[13] Strange, 1890, p. 462.

[14] Ainsworth, 1844, p. 35.

[15] Gelzer, Patrum Nicænorum nomina, p. 61

[16] Lequien, Oriens Christ., II, 789

[CE-17] Catholic Encyclopedia1907-1912,s.v.'Gindarus'

[18] Annuario Pontificio 2013(Libreria Editrice Vaticana,2013,ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p.902

[19] "Tyrkisk avis: Kurdistan nr. 2 bliver dannet".Jiyan.dk(in Danish). 22 July 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 28 July 2013.Retrieved28 July2012.

[20] Hartmann, Martin (1894).Das liwa Haleb (Aleppo) und ein Teil des Liwa Dschebel Bereket.Berlin: W. Pormetter. p. 97.

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v t e Cities and towns of Syria
Governoratecentres	Aleppo Damascus Daraa Deir ez-Zor Hama al-Hasakah Homs Idlib Latakia Quneitra Raqqa Rif Dimashq as-Suwayda Tartus
Districtcentres	Abu Kamal Afrin Arihah Atarib Ayn al-Arab Azaz al-Bab Baniyas Darayya Dayr Hafir Douma Duraykish Fiq al-Haffah Harem Izra' Jableh Jarabulus Jisr ash-Shughur Maarat al-Numaan al-Malikiyah Manbij Masyaf Mayadin Mhardeh al-Mukharram al-Foqani an-Nabk Palmyra Qamishli Qardaha Qatana Qudsaya al-Qusayr al-Qutayfah Ra's al-'Ayn al-Rastan as-Safira Safita Salamiyah Salkhad al-Sanamayn Shahba ash-Shaykh Badr al-Suqaylabiyah Talkalakh al-Tall Tell Abyad al-Thawrah Yabroud Zabadani
Sub-districtcentres	Abu Qilqil Abu al-Thuhur Akhtarin Amuda Arbeen Arima al-Ariqah al-Arishah Armanaz Arwad al-Asharah Assal al-Ward Awj Ayn al-Fijah Ayn Halaqim Ayn Issa Ayn al-Nasr Babbila Banan Barri Sharqi Beit Jinn Binnish Bir al-Helou Bosra Bulbul Busayrah Da'el al-Dana Darat Izza Darkush al-Darbasiyah Deir Atiyah al-Dimas al-Dumayr Furqlus Ghabaghib Ghandoura al-Ghariyah al-Ghizlaniyah al-Hader Hadidah al-Hajar al-Aswad al-Hajib Hajin al-Hamidiyah al-Hamraa Harasta Harbnafsah Harran al-Awamid al-Hirak Hish Hisyah al-Hawl Huraytan al-Huwash Ibbin Samaan Ihsim Jayrud al-Jalaa al-Janudiyah Jaramana al-Jarniyah Jasim al-Jawadiyah Jubb al-Jarrah Jubb Ramlah Jindires al-Jiza al-Qabu Kafr Batna Kafr Nabl Kafr Takharim Kafr Zita al-Karamah al-Kasrah Kessab al-Khafsah Khan Shaykhun Khasham Kirnaz Kuwayris Sharqi Khanaser Khirbet Ghazaleh Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud al-Kiswah Ma'arrat Misrin Maabatli Maadan Maaloula Madaya Mahin Malah al-Malihah al-Mansurah Mare' Markada Mashta al-Helu Maskanah al-Masmiyah al-Mazraa Muhambal Muhasan al-Musayfirah al-Mushannaf Muzayrib al-Nashabiyah al-Nasirah Nawa Nubl al-Qadmus al-Qahtaniyah Qalaat al-Madiq Qarah al-Qaryatayn al-Qurayya Qurqania Rajo Rankus Rasm Harmil al-Imam al-Rai al-Riqama al-Ruhaybah al-Saan Saasaa Sabburah al-Sabe' Biyar al-Sabkhah Sadad Sahnaya Saidnaya Salqin Saraqib Sarmin Sarrin Sawran Sebei al-Shaddadah al-Shajara Shaqqa Sharran Shathah Shaykh al-Hadid al-Shaykh Maskin Shayukh Tahtani Shin Sinjar Sirghaya Slinfah Suluk al-Surah al-Saghirah al-Suwar Suran al-Susah al-Sukhnah al-Tabni Talbiseh Taldou al-Tamanah Tasil Tell al-Daman Tell Hamis Tell Rifaat Tell Salhab Tell Tamer Tedef Thiban Uqayribat Urum al-Kubra Wadi al-Oyun al-Yaarubiyah al-Zirbah az-Ziyarah