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"Jet Grind Radio" redirects here. For the Game Boy Advance remake, seeJet Grind Radio (Game Boy Advance video game).

Jet Set Radio
European Dreamcast cover art ofJet Set Radiofeaturing the logo illustrated by Eric Haze[1]
Developer(s)Smilebit[a]
BlitWorks(HD)
Publisher(s)Sega
Director(s)Masayoshi Kikuchi
Producer(s)Takayuki Kawagoe
Osamu Sato
Designer(s)Masayoshi Yokoyama
Artist(s)Ryuta Ueda
Kazuki Hosokawa
Composer(s)
SeriesJet Set Radio
Platform(s)
Release
June 29, 2000
  • Dreamcast
    • JP:June 29, 2000
    • NA:October 31, 2000
    • EU:November 24, 2000
    • AU:December 22, 2000
    Java ME
    • JP:June 22, 2001
    PlayStation 3
    • NA:September 18, 2012
    • PAL:September 19, 2012
    • JP:February 20, 2013
    Windows
    • WW:September 19, 2012
    Xbox 360
    • WW:September 19, 2012
    • JP:February 20, 2013
    PlayStation Vita
    • NA:November 20, 2012
    • PAL:November 21, 2012
    • JP:February 20, 2013
    iOS
    • WW:November 29, 2012
    • JP:December 20, 2012
    Android
    • WW:November 29, 2012
    • JP:January 30, 2013
Genre(s)
Mode(s)Single-player

Jet Set Radio[b](originally released in North America asJet Grind Radio) is a 2000action gamedeveloped bySmilebitand published bySegafor theDreamcast.The player controls a member of a youth gang, the GG's, as they useinline skatesto traverseTokyo,sprayinggraffiti,challenging rival gangs, and evading authorities.

Development was headed by director Masayoshi Kikuchi, with art by Ryuta Ueda. The team drew influence from late 1990sJapanese popular culturesuch as the rhythm gamePaRappa the Rapperand theanti-establishmentthemes in the filmFight Club,and 1980s Americanhip hop culturesuch asgraffiti.The environments were based on Tokyo shopping districts inShibuyaandShinjuku,with graffiti designed by artists includingEric Haze.Jet Set Radiowas the first game to use acel-shadedart style, developed in response to the team's disappointment with the abundance of sci-fi and fantasy Sega games.

Jet Set Radioreceived acclaim and is considered one of the best games of its decade for its graphics, soundtrack and gameplay. It won several awards and was nominated for many others. AGame Boy Advance version,developed byVicarious Visions,was released in 2003, along with versions for Japanese mobile phones. In 2012,Jet Set Radiowas rereleased for theXbox 360,PlayStation 3,iOS,Windows,PlayStation VitaandAndroid.A sequel,Jet Set Radio Future,was released for theXboxin 2002. Sega announced a newJet Set Radiogame in 2023.

Gameplay

[edit]
The character Beat performing a grind on rails and tagging graffiti

The player controls a member of a gang of graffiti-tagging inline skaters. The game consists of three types of levels: Street, Rival Showdown, and Trial.[4]The Street levels come in two categories.[4]The first is to tag every graffiti point in each area previously tagged by a rival gang before the timer runs out while evading the authorities.[5]The second category serves as aBossbattle by chasing the rival gang members and spraying graffiti on them.[5]The more graffiti points are sprayed, the more deadly the authorities become.[6]Graffiti points are marked by arrows and require paint to tag them.[5][4]Players can spray graffiti by either pressing a single button or inputting commands using theanalog stickdepending on the size of the graffiti spot. Players are unable to spray graffiti if they run out of paint, which must be refilled by obtaining yellow and blue spray cans scattered across the stage. Yellow spray cans refill a single spray can, and blue spray cans refill five.[4]Enemies will pursue players and attempt to deplete theirhealth.[5]Health can be replenished by obtaining red and green spray cans. Performing tricks adds bonus points to the player's overallscoreand can help the player gain access to areas difficult to reach.[4]

In Rival Showdown levels, more playable characters can be unlocked after they are defeated by matching the rival's movements in technique sections or by spraying graffiti before the rival in race sections. Trial levels are unlocked after Street and Rival Showdown levels are cleared in a specific area. There are three kinds of trials: Jet Graffiti, Jet Tech, and Jet Crash. In Jet Graffiti, the objective is to spray all the graffiti points within the time limit. Jet Tech prioritizes in obtaining the top score within the time limit. In Jet Crash, the objective is to reach the goal and spray graffiti on it before the opponent. Players can customize their graffiti by choosing presets, or create their own using the Graffiti editor. By using aVMU,players can upload their graffiti to the official website for other players to use or download graffiti from other players. More Graffiti presets can be unlocked by collecting Graffiti Soul icons scattered throughout stages.[4]

Plot

[edit]

DJ Professor K broadcasts thepirate radiostation Jet Set Radio to gangs of youths known as the Rudies, who roam Tokyo-to, skating and spraying graffiti as their means of expressing themselves to the world. One gang, the GG's, competes for turf with the all-female jilted lovers Love Shockers in the shopping districts ofShibuya-cho, the cyborgotakuNoise Tanks in the Benten-cho entertainment district, and thekaiju-loving Poison Jam in the Kogane-cho dockyard. The authorities, led by Captain Onishima, pursue the gangs with riot police and military armaments. After the GG's defeat Poison Jam, Noise Tanks, and Love Shockers in turf wars, they each drop a piece of a mysterious vinyl record. Professor K says that the mysterious vinyl record collected is the "Devil's Contract" and has the power to summon a demon.

The GG's are joined by Combo and Cube, who explain that their hometown, Grind City, has been overtaken by the Rokkaku Group business conglomerate. They ask the GG's to help them to free their friend, Coin, who has been captured by the Rokkaku Group, due to their interest in his massive vinyl collection. The Rokkaku pursue the GG's and steal the "Devil's Contract". Poison Jam explains that the Rokkaku CEO, Goji Rokkaku, plans to use the record to make a contract with the demon and take over the world. The GG's defeat Goji in the rooftop of his headquarters by destroying his turntable and render him powerless to the evil powers summoned by tagging his forehead. Freedom is returned to the streets of Tokyo-to. In a twist, Combo reveals that the "Devil's Contract" is an old record with no demonic powers and that wealth had driven Goji to insanity. DJ Professor K addresses to those with doubts in his audience that this story is up to them to believe, but he ends the transmission with "On the streets, there's no such thing as 'The End'!"

Development

[edit]
Jet Set Radiowas originally developed to the Dreamcast hardware specifications.

Jet Set Radiowas developed bySmilebit,aSegastudio formed from members ofTeam Andromeda,the developers of thePanzer Dragoongames for theSega Saturn.[7]The development team consisted of fewer than 25 developers, with an average age of under 25.[8]Programming began in mid-1999. The game was announced at the 1999Tokyo Game Showand drew media attention for its cel-shaded style.[9][10]During the early stages of development, director Masayoshi Kikuchi had difficulty leading the team without prior directing experience. The visual style was established prior to the gameplay; according to Kikuchi, it could have become anadventure gameor role-playing game. His superiors were not satisfied with early concepts, and so Kikuchi used trial and error to develop a concept that he believed everyone would find interesting.[1]

Ueda wanted to create something "cool" that dealt withpopular cultureand was completely unlike the team's previous game, the 1998 role-playing gamePanzer Dragoon Saga.[8]Ueda's drawings of apunkycharacter with headphones and rollerblades became the foundation of the game.[11]Ueda had joined Sega after being impressed by the "freshness" and international appeal ofSonic the Hedgehog,but was disappointed with the excessive focused saturation of overtly fantastical manga and anime-style designs, and hoped to create something original.[12]Smilebit drew inspiration from games outside the typical game genres of science fiction and fantasy.[8]Ueda was particularly inspired by a demonstration of thePlayStationrhythm gamePaRappa the Rapperat the 1996Tokyo Game Show:"I think that's the first game with pop culture like that. They did it first. After that I decided to make a true game, not just a visual experience, that was actually for adults."[8]Theanti-establishmentthemes of the 1999 filmFight Clubwere another influence.[11]

Smilebit used thicker lines for stand-out objects.[13]Smilebit developed a new cel-shading technique not used at the time as it would not have been possible on the Dreamcast or PlayStation 2.[9][11]The game features graffiti by a variety of artists, includingEric Haze,who had designed album art for acts including theBeastie BoysandPublic Enemy.[6]Smilebit initially planned to make a skateboarding game, but this was changed due to the legs having to be fixed.[13]

Jet Set Radiowas one of the earliest games to feature an open 3D world, which presented the team's biggest challenge.[11]Kikuchi said: "Making an entire town in a game was quite the prospect. It's not hard with modern hi-spec hardware, but that wasn't the case back then... It was very difficult from a programming standpoint."[11]Another Sega game developed in that period,Shenmue(1999), also featured an open world, but Kikuchi said the games posed different technical challenges, asShenmuedoes not allow the player to jump or move at speed.[11]The team implementedgrindingto allow players to enjoy speed without worrying about colliding with obstacles.[11]Smilebit chose to have a fixed camera as an attempt to reducemotion sickness.[14]They attempted to make the game impossible to duplicate onPlayStation 2by pushing the Dreamcast limitations using bright colors, realistic shadows, and more than sixteen NPCs on-screen withoutlagthat would have been impossible on PS2 due to its smaller memory.[14]

The settings were inspired by Japanese locations such as the Tokyo shopping districts ofShibuyaandShinjuku,which Smilebit photographed to use as references.[9]Sega feared that the game's style might alienate players outside Japan and requested changes for the international versions.[15]The team added stages modeled after New York City: one based onTimes Square,and another onRoosevelt AvenuealongQueensandBrooklyn,and changed the nationality of two characters to American. The interactive credits sequence of the Japanese version was also cut, as localizing it would have meant rebuilding the stage with English names. Sega sold the international version in Japan asDe La Jet Set Radio.[15]Ueda was unhappy about the changes, which he said diminished the game's essential Japanese elements.[15]

Soundtrack

[edit]

TheJet Set Radiosoundtrack includes original and licensed tracks with a variety of genres includingJ-pop,hip hop,funk,electronic dance,rock,acid jazz,andtrip hop.[1]The main theme of the game is called "Let Mom Sleep". The North American version and international rereleases addmetalsongs. The 2012 port omits "Yappie Feet" and "Many Styles" for licensing reasons.[16][17]The music has been described as energetic, rhythm-heavy, defiant, and multicultural.[6]Most of the soundtrack was composed byHideki Naganuma,with additional tracks byRichard Jacques,Deavid Soul, Toronto, and B.B. Rights.[18]Naganuma attempted to match the visual style, and experimented with voices, cutting, and rearrangingsamplesto the point that they became nonsensical.[1]In 2012, Naganuma saidJet Set Radioand its sequel had been his favorite projects.[19]Smilebit worked with Sega of America and Sega of Europe to include as many street culture elements as possible, hoping to create music that was internationally acceptable.[14]

A soundtrack CD,Jet Grind Radio Music Sampler,was given to those who pre-ordered the game in the United States, featuring 10 tracks from the game, 4 of which do not appear in any version ofJet Set Radio.It was distributed byInterscope Records.The soundtrack CD,Jet Set Radio Original Soundtrack(UPCH-1048), featured 19 tracks including a data track from the game and was distributed byPolydor Recordson December 20, 2000, in Japan.[20]For the HD release, a new soundtrack CD titledJet Set Radio: Original Soundtrack with Bonus Tracks from JSRF,was distributed bySumthing Elseon September 18, 2012, for North America and Europe, containing a total of 17 tracks, 10 from the game and 7 additional tracks from the sequel,Jet Set Radio Future.[21][22]A second soundtrack for the HD version,Jet Set Radio Sega Original Tracks,was distributed by Sega, containing 15 tracks and was released oniTuneson October 3, 2012 alongsideJet Set Radio Future Sega Original Tracks.[23]

Promotion and release

[edit]

Jet Set Radiowas released in Japan on June 29, 2000.[24]In North America, it was released on October 31 asJet Grind Radiodue to trademark problems for "Jet Set" in the United States at the time.[25][26]The PAL version was released later on November 24 under the original name.[5]The North American and PAL versions contained two new maps, new songs, and other in-game content designed to increase the game's appeal to Western audiences.[27]To promote the North American release, Sega of America held a "Graffiti is Art" competition for contestants to enter their owngraffitiart pieces to Sega.[28]Sega chose five finalists and flew them intoSan Francisco, Californiaon October 21, where they competed to make graffiti art pieces on a canvas within a 3 and a half-hour timeframe for a prize of $5000.[28]Mayor of San Francisco,Willie Browndiscovered the competition and attempted to revoke Sega of America's permit, but was unsuccessful due to obtaining the permit legally.[28][29]

Alternative versions

[edit]

Sega re-released the game in Japan under the nameDe La Jet Set Radio.[c]This version was released on October 18, 2001, in Japan via Dreamcast Direct (later renamed Sega Direct) and included a T-shirt featuring the protagonist Beat for those who pre-ordered.[30]This version features content that was originally exclusive to PAL and North American versions, namely music from the PAL release, two playable characters, and two stages.[31]

Mobile versions

[edit]
See also:Jet Grind Radio (Game Boy Advance video game)

Jet Set Radiowas remade as two 2D mobile versions. The first,Typing Jet,[d]aside-scrolling gamein which players escape police, was released for Japanese mobile phones by Sega on June 22, 2001.[32][33]It was followed by a remake forGame Boy Advancedeveloped byVicarious Visionsand published byTHQin North America on June 26, 2003, and in Europe on February 20, 2004.[34][35]The Game Boy Advance version uses theTony Hawk's Pro Skater 2engine and anisometric perspective,and it emulates the cel-shaded graphics of the Dreamcast game, with some original stages and shortened songs.[36]

High-definition remaster

[edit]

In 2012,high-definitionports developed byBlitWorks[37]were released forPlayStation 3,Xbox 360,Windows,PlayStation Vita,iOS,andAndroid.The ports add features, including widescreen HD graphics, online leaderboards,achievements,and a new camera system. It combines the North American, European, and Japanese versions' soundtracks and adds bonus tracks fromJet Set Radio Future,but it omits the PAL version's tracks "Yappie Feet" and "Many Styles".[18][38]To promote the ports, Sega ran a contest to allow players to submit their own artwork to be used as graffiti within the game.[39][40]The game was made backwards-compatible with theXbox Onein May 2016.[41]

In North America, the PS3 version was released on September 18, withPlayStation Plusmembers able to purchase it early on September 11. The PS3 version was released in Europe the following day alongside The Xbox Live Arcade and Windows version for both North America and Europe.[42][43]The PlayStation Vita version was scheduled for release on October 16, but was delayed for development optimization reasons; it was released on November 20 in North America and in Europe the following day.[44][42][45]The PS3, Xbox 360, and PlayStation Vita versions were released in Japan simultaneously on February 20, 2013.[46]

The iOS and Android versions were released in North America and Europe on November 29, 2012.[47]Japan received the iOS version on December 20, 2012 and Android on January 30, 2013.[48][49]The smartphone versions were delisted as of 2015 due to compatibility problems with iOS updates.[50]

Reception

[edit]

Critical reception

[edit]

Jet Set Radioreceived acclaim for its gameplay, visual style, and music.Gamers' Republiccalled it flawless.[69]IGNpraised the extra gameplay modes, saying they added replay value.[63]Official Dreamcast Magazine(ODCM) found the exaggerated physics and interactivity of the levels immersive.[27]DC-UKdescribed the gameplay as a combination ofCrazy TaxiandTony Hawkand concluded that the gameplay was better than both.[5]GameSpotpraised the pacing, stating that the beginning of the game is simple and slowly becomes more challenging as the player progresses.[61]GameFanwas not impressed with the early stages, but their opinion changed as they progressed the game and were happy with the result.[68]Next Generationfound the story modifications of the English versions jarring, although, he complimented the new stages, calling them "impressive" and "a worthy addition to Japanese cityscapes of the original".[64]The camera controls were commonly criticized, but most reviewers said the overall quality outweighed them.[63][68][61][5]

IGNsaid the visual style "looks like a moving cartoon, and every character, right down to the police dogs, is practically overflowing with personality... It has the type of look that makes non-gamers can't help but be impressed".[63]ODCMcalled it "gorgeous" and compared it to the move tocolor television.[27]DC-UKalso praised it for resembling a 2D cartoon in 3D space, and considered it ground-breaking.[5]GameProwrote that the visuals were unique and that the stylized design was convincing and fun.[70]

GameProcalledJet Set Radioone of the best-sounding games of the year for its soundtrack,[70]andODCMsaid it had "one of the best soundtracks ever".[27]IGNalso praised the soundtrack, but was critical of the tracks added to the North American release, in particular songs fromRob Zombie.[63]Next Generation,however, did not consider the new tracks to make a difference, stating the soundtrack was incredible from the start.[64]GameSpotsaid the soundtrack fit perfectly into the game's environment.[61]

When reviewing the HD remaster, the game received mixed reactions from critics.GamesRadar+praised how it is a joy to play even 12 years after its release.Eurogameralso gave positive statements, calling the visual style "timeless", and complimented the HD remaster, stating "12 years on and this is a surprisingly rigorous game built of oddball delights, then, and the HD updating has only enhanced its charms. The skating's still great, the city's still a joy to explore, and the soundtrack's still one of the very best ever put together".[58]Game Informerwas more critical, opining that the gameplay was archaic and frustrating.Game Informerfurther elaborated that in retrospect, the originally released visual style blinded them from its faulty gameplay.[60]BothTouchArcadeandPocket Gamercriticized smartphone versions for the touchscreen controls and unable to keep up with the tasks the game requires.[67][66]

Across all versions of the game combined, including the original and re-releases sales ofJet Set Radiosurpassed 1 million copies worldwide.[71][72][73]

Accolades

[edit]

Jet Set Radiowon the Best Console Game at theE3Game Critics Awardsin 2000 and was the runner up for Best in Show at the same event.[74]The game won the category of "Excellence in Visual Arts" award, received a "Game Spotlights Award" and was nominated for Game of the year at the 2001Game Developers Choice Awards.[75]Jet Set Radioreceived nominations for the "Game of the Year","Console Game of the Year "," Console Innovation ","Art Direction","Game Design","Original Musical Composition","Sound Design",and"Visual Engineering"categories at the4th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards(the most nominated game at that ceremony).[76]It won GameSpot's annual "Best Graphics, Artistic" award among console games, and was nominated in the "Best Game Music" and "Best Platform Game" categories.[77]Gamers' Republicawarded it "Best 3D Game Design" in its 2000 Year in Review.[78]The game was also featured in1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die.[79]

Legacy

[edit]

Jet Set Radiois recognized as one of the first games to featurecel-shaded graphics,with exaggerated shapes, thick lines, and flat, bright colors.[6]InsomniacownerTed Pricecredited it as an influence on their gameSunset Overdrive.[80]Numerous indie developers have citedJet Set Radioas a major influence on their games,[81]the most notable being the successfullycrowdfundedHover: Revolt of Gamers,Lethal League,andBomb Rush Cyberfunk,all of which draw heavy inspiration fromJet Set Radio's visuals and music and feature contributions from its composer,Hideki Naganuma.[82][83][84]The game has also beenspeedrunatGames Done Quickmultiple times.[85][86][87][88]Other fan community-basedJet Set Radioprojects includeJet Set Radio Live,a 24/7browser-based radio stationbased on the fictional radio station in-game created in January 2016[89][90]and the albumsMemories of Tokyo-Toreleased on February 20, 2018 andSounds of Tokyo-To Futureby American musician 2 Mello on August 24, 2021.[91][92][93]

A sequel,Jet Set Radio Future,was released for theXboxin 2002, early in the system's life cycle. Two main characters, Beat and Gum, are playable characters inSega Superstars TennisandSonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed,and the former appears inSonic Universeissue #45, an adaptation of the game along withSonic & Sega All-Stars Racing.[94][95][96]

In 2009, an early antagonist in the game, Captain Onishima, was ranked 95th in IGN's "Top 100 Videogame Villains" list.[97]Jet Set RadioandJet Set Radio Futureare highly requested games to be ported to theXbox One,[98][99]theXbox Series X/S,[99]and theNintendo Switch.[100][101]In 2021, Sega teased the possibility of aJet Set Radioreboot,[102][103]and announced Beat as a playable character forSuper Monkey Ball Banana Mania.[104]Sega announced a newJet Set Radiogame atthe Game Awards 2023.[105]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Credited under the Sega name on all original Dreamcast releases
  2. ^Japanese:ジェット セット ラジオ,Hepburn:Jetto Setto Rajio
  3. ^デ・ラ・ジェット セット ラジオ,De Ra Jetto Setto Rajio
  4. ^タイピング ジェット,Taipingu Jetto

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[edit]
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