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Jian Zhou

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For another person, seeZhou Jian (diplomat).
The native form of thispersonal nameisZhou Jian.This article usesWestern name orderwhen mentioning individuals.
Jian Zhou
Born1957(1957)
Hangzhou, Zhe gian g, China
DiedMarch 1999 (aged 41–42)
Hangzhou,China
NationalityChinese
Alma materUniversity of Queensland
University of Cambridge
Scientific career
FieldsVirology
Immunology
InstitutionsWenzhou Medical College
Zhe gian g University
Zhengzhou University

Jian Zhou(Chinese:Chu kiện;pinyin:Zhōu Jiàn;February 24, 1957 – March 9, 1999) was aChinesevirologist and cancer researcher, who with fellow researcherIan Frazer,inventedGardasilandCervarix,thevaccinesfor stimulating human immunological resistance to thecervical cancer-inducinghuman papilloma virus.[1]

Early life and education

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Zhou was born in 1957 inHangzhou,Zhe gian g,China. He was admitted toWenzhou Medical Collegein 1977 and graduated 1982. His wife Xiao-Yi Sun ( tôn tiểu y ) was his classmate at the college. He subsequently earned a master's degree fromZhe gian g Medical University,where he pursued his research interest inHPV.[2]He then earned his M.D. atHenan Medical University(now medical school ofZhengzhou University) and worked as a postdoctoral researcher atBeijing Medical University,before moving to theUniversity of Cambridgein 1988 to continue his research in cancer and virus.[3]

HPV and Papilloma vaccine

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Zhou met future research partnerIan Frazerat the University of Cambridge in 1989, bonded by a mutual respect and willingness to push the limits of their research. The two considered the problem of developing a vaccine for HPV – a virus that cannot beculturedwithout living tissue.[4]

Frazer convinced Zhou to join him at theUniversity of Queensland,Brisbane,and in 1990 they began to usemolecular biologyto synthesize particlesin vitrothat could mimic the virus. In March 1991 Zhou's wife and fellow researcher,Xiao-Yi Sun,assembled by Zhou's instructions[5]twoproteinsinto avirus-like particle (VLP),[6]resembling the HPV shell, from whichHPV vaccinewould ultimately be made.

The vaccine completely protectsunexposedwomen against four HPV strainsresponsible for70% ofcervicalcancers,[7][8]which killabout 250,000 women annually.[9][10]

Frazer and Zhou filed aprovisional patentin June 1991 and began work on developing the vaccine within UQ. To finance clinical trials, Australian medical companyCSL,and laterMerck,were sold partial patents.[11](CSL has the exclusive license to sell Gardasil in New Zealand and Australia, Merck the license elsewhere.)[12]GlaxoSmithKlineindependently used the same VLP-approach to develop Cervarix, under a later US patent, licensing Frazer'sintellectual propertyin 2005.[13]

Death

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In March 1999, Zhou died ofhepatitis,a disease he had contracted as a young man in China. He was survived by his wife Xiao-Yi Sun and son Andreas Zhou.[14]

In 2008, Zhou's contribution to his efforts in research, including his work with theGardasilvaccine, were formally recognised with a commemorative service attended by over 300 people, and included a written tribute from theAustralian Prime Ministerof the time,Kevin RuddinBrisbane,Australia.[14]

Published papers

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  • Zhou et al. “Increased Expression of Vaccinia Recombinant HVP 16 L1 and L2 ORF Proteins in Epithelium Cells Is Sufficient for Assembly of HVP Virion Like Particles”,J. Gen. Virology,1990, pp. 2185–2190, Vol. 71.
  • Zhou et al. “Increased Antibody Responses to Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 L1 Protein Expressed by Recombinant Vaccine Virus Lacking Serine Protease Inhibitor Genes”,Chemical Abstracts,Nov. 5, 1990, Vol. 13, No. 19
  • Zhou et al. “Human Pappilomavirus Type 16 Virions Produced by Recombinant Viccinia Virus”, Abstract from 1991 Papilloma Virus Workshop (Seattle, WA 1991)
  • J. Zhou, X.Y. Sun, D.J. Stenzel, I.H. Frazer, “Expression of Vaccinia Recombinant HPV 16 L1 and L2 ORF Proteins in Epithelial Cells”, 185Journal of Virology251 (1991), pp 251–257

[15]

References and notes

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  1. ^ Lowy DR, Schiller JT (May 2006)."Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines".J. Clin. Invest.116(5): 1167–73.doi:10.1172/JCI28607.PMC1451224.PMID16670757.
  2. ^Xu, Qi (21 July 2016)."Hắn, phát minh nhân loại đầu cái ung thư vắc-xin phòng bệnh sau lưng chuyện xưa lệnh người động dung".Zhe gian g Online.Retrieved21 June2018.
  3. ^Lu, Jian (5 July 2016)."Chu kiện: Nghiên cứu phát minh cổ tử cung ung thư vắc-xin phòng bệnh" anh hùng vô danh "".Phoenix News.Retrieved21 June2018.
  4. ^Sterling, J. C., ed. (August 2001). "1".Human Papillomaviruses: Clinical and Scientific Advances.London: Hodder Arnold.ISBN978-0-340-74215-0.
  5. ^Vaccines Forgotten Man[ theaustralian.au/news/tribute-to-vaccines-forgotten-man-story-e6frg600-1111116233989]
  6. ^Williams, L. (August 2006). "A Simple Idea".Reader's Digest.
  7. ^ Sawaya, G. F.; Smith-McCune, Karen (10 May 2007)."HPV Vaccination – More Answers, More Questions".The New England Journal of Medicine.356(19): 1990–1991.doi:10.1056/NEJMe078088.PMID17494932.Previous reports showed a remarkable 100% efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine targeting HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 on outcomes related to vaccine HPV types in women with no evidence of previous exposure to those types [...] subgroups of subjects with no evidence of previous exposure to relevant vaccine HPV types were evaluated separately for vaccine efficacy. In these subgroups, efficacy of nearly 100% against all grades of cervicalintraepithelial neoplasiaandadenocarcinomain siturelated to vaccine HPV types was reported [...] Why is vaccine efficacy modest in the entire cohort? One factor is the apparent lack of efficacy among subjects with evidence of previous exposure to HPV types included in the vaccine. The FUTURE II trial showed no effect of vaccination
  8. ^ Walker; J. (9 October 2005). "UQ Team Defeats Cervical Cancer".The Courier-Mail.Ian Frazer's break-through vaccine is 100 per cent effective against the most common form of the virus that causes cervical cancer, according to final-stage trial results [...] a delighted Professor Frazer, 52, said last night: 'It is very rare, almost unheard of, to achieve a 100 per cent efficacy rate in any treatment, so these results are truly wonderful.'
  9. ^ Estimates of the contemporary global mortality rate have remained in the 190,000 to 300,000 range from 2000 to 2010.The 2007 WHO progress reportsays that preventable cervical cancer "was responsible in 2005 for up to 500,000 new cases, and up to 257,000 deaths, more than 90% in low- and middle-income countries",but,"According to WHO’s projections, deaths from cervical cancer will rise to 320,000 in 2015 and to 435,000 in 2030"(p.4). These projections may be little effected by vaccination programs (anyway unlikely on cost grounds) because"A reduction in cancer incidence and mortality might not be measurable before 10 to 30 years after the vaccine is introduced."(p.5). Other estimates of the problem's scale are broadly in agreement:
    • Kennedy, F. (25 January 2006). "UQ Australian of the Year Will Continue Fight for Women's Health".UQ News.Professor Frazer said Australia and otherdeveloped nationshad effective Pap smear programs to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. 'Despite this, cervical cancer continues to be a shocking disease for women in the developed world. Women living in poverty in the developing world, where Pap smears are not widely available, account for most of the 250,000 deaths from cervical cancer each year. So this vaccine has the potential to do most good in the developing world, where it could help lift women out ofpovertyby relieving the burden of disease
    • "Transcripts – Professor Ian Frazer".Australian Broadcasting Corporation.Retrieved29 May2010.Ian Frazer was made Australian of the Year in 2006. He and his team at Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane have developed a vaccine to beat cervical cancers that kill 250,000 women a year worldwide.
    • "Cervical Cancer Statistics".CervicalCancer.org. 2 March 2007.Retrieved29 May2010.A woman dies of cervical cancer approximately every 2 minutes. In less developed countries, this type of cancer is the second most common in women and accounts for up to 300,000 annual deaths.
  10. ^ Kantrowitz, Barbara (15 March 2010)."Message in a BottleThe subtle ads for drug giant Glaxo's new cervical-cancer drugs have people talking ".Newsweek.Retrieved29 May2010.Cervarixmay also protect againstother typesthat cause cervical cancer, but more research is needed to confirm this....GlaxoSmithKline's] estimate of the prevalence of cervical cancer in USA roughly matches theNational Cancer Institute's statistics. But according to theWorld Health Organization,the disease is far more common indeveloping countries,which account for 80 percent of the annual cases worldwide and about 190,000 deaths a year (compared to about 4,000 deaths in USA).
  11. ^Chen, Huanhuan; Wang, Danhong (22 October 2007)."An interview with Jian Zhou's wife, Dr. Xiaoyi Sun".Science Times.
  12. ^Siers-Poisson, Judith (18 July 2007)."Profit Knows No Borders, Selling Gardasil to the Rest of the World".Center for Media and Democracy.Archived fromthe originalon 24 June 2009.The federal government will also cover young women who are not in school and are still under 27 years through theirgeneral practitionersand community immunization clinics. This age group will receive the vaccine free from July 2007, until the end of June 2009.
  13. ^Beran, Ruth (21 June 2006)."Ian Frazer's patent problem".Australian Life Scientist.Archived fromthe originalon 6 April 2012.Jian Zhou died in 1999, but he was an equal partner
  14. ^ab"Tribute to Vaccines Forgotten Man".The Australian.Retrieved6 January2015.
  15. ^"Jian Zhou Publications".Retrieved7 August2014.
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