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Jo Cox

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For other people with similar names, seeJo Cox (disambiguation).

Jo Cox
Cox,c. 2015
Member of Parliament
forBatley and Spen
In office
7 May 2015 – 16 June 2016
Preceded byMike Wood
Succeeded byTracy Brabin
Personal details
Born
Helen Joanne Leadbeater

(1974-06-22)22 June 1974
Batley,West Yorkshire, England
Died16 June 2016(2016-06-16)(aged 41)
Birstall, West Yorkshire,England
Cause of deathMurder(gunshot wounds,stab wounds)[1]
Political partyLabour
Spouse
Brendan Cox
​
(m.2009)​
Children2
RelativesKim Leadbeater(sister)
Alma mater
WebsiteOfficial website

Helen Joanne Cox[2](néeLeadbeater;22 June 1974 – 16 June 2016) was a British politician who served asMember of Parliament(MP) forBatley and Spenfrom May 2015 untilher murderin June 2016. She was a member of theLabour Party.

Born inBatley,West Yorkshire,Cox studiedSocial and Political SciencesatPembroke College, Cambridge.Working first as a political assistant, she joined the international humanitarian charityOxfamin 2001, where she became head of policy and advocacy atOxfam GBin 2005. She was selected to contest the Batley and Spen parliamentary seat after the incumbent,Mike Wood,decided not to stand in 2015. She held the seat for Labour with an increased majority.[3]Cox became a campaigner on issues relating to theSyrian civil war,and founded and chaired theall-party parliamentary groupFriends of Syria.

On 16 June 2016, Cox died after being shot and stabbed multiple times in the street in the village ofBirstall,where she had been due to hold aconstituency surgery.[4]Thomas Mair, who heldfar-rightviews, was found guilty of her murder in November and sentenced to life imprisonment with awhole life order.[5][6]In July 2021, Cox's sister,Kim Leadbeater,was elected as the Labour MP for Batley and Spen, following aby-election.[7]

Early life and career beginnings[edit]

Helen Joanne Leadbeater was born on 22 June 1974 inBatley,West Yorkshire,England,[8]to Jean, a school secretary, and Gordon Leadbeater, a toothpaste and hairspray factory worker.[9][10]

Raised inHeckmondwike,[8]she was educated atHeckmondwike Grammar School,a stategrammar school,where she washead girl.During summers, she worked packing toothpaste.[9]Cox studied atPembroke College, Cambridge,initially studying Archaeology and Anthropology before switching to Social and Political Science, graduating in 1995.[11]She later studied at theLondon School of Economics.[12]

Following her graduation from Pembroke College, Cox worked as an adviser toLabour MPJoan Walleyfrom 1995 to 1997. She then became head of Key Campaigns atBritain in Europe(1998–99), a pro-European pressure group, before moving toBrusselsto spend two years as an assistant toGlenys Kinnock,wife of formerLabour leaderNeil Kinnock,who was then aMember of the European Parliament.[12][13]

From 2001 to 2009, Cox worked for the aid groupsOxfamand Oxfam International, first in Brussels as the leader of the group's trade reform campaign, then as head of policy and advocacy atOxfam GBin 2005, and head of Oxfam International's humanitarian campaigns inNew York Cityin 2007.[14]While there, she helped to publishFor a Safer Tomorrow,a book authored by Ed Cairns which examines the changing nature of the world's humanitarian policies.[15]Her work for Oxfam, in which she met disadvantaged groups inDarfurandAfghanistan,influenced her political thinking.[12]

Cox's charity work led to a role advisingSarah Brown,wife of former Prime MinisterGordon Brown,who was spearheading a campaign to preventdeaths in pregnancy and childbirth.[9][16]From 2009 to 2011, Cox was director of the Maternal Mortality Campaign, which was supported by Brown and her husband.[17]The following year, Cox worked forSave the Children(where she was a strategy consultant), theNational Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children,and as director of strategy at theWhite Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood.In 2013, she founded UK Women, a research institute aimed at meeting the needs of women in the UK, where she was also the CEO.[18]Between 2014 and 2015, Cox worked for theBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.[13]

Cox was the national chair of the Labour Women's Network from 2010 to 2014, and a strategic adviser to theFreedom Fund,ananti-slaverycharity, in 2014.[13][19]She was also on the board ofBurma Campaign UK,a human rights NGO.[20]

Political career[edit]

Cox was nominated by theLabour Partyto contest theBatley and Spenseat being vacated byMike Woodat the2015 general election.[21]She was selected as its candidate from anall-women shortlist.[12]The Batley and Spen seat was a Conservativemarginalbetween 1983 and 1997 but was considered to be asafe seatfor Labour,[22]and Cox won the seat with 43.2% of the vote, increasing Labour's majority to 6,051.[3][12]Cox made hermaiden speechin theHouse of Commonson 3 June 2015, using it to celebrate her constituency'sethnic diversity,while highlighting the economic challenges facing the community and urging the government to rethink its approach to economic regeneration.[23]She was one of 36 Labour MPs who nominatedJeremy Corbynas a candidate in theLabour leadership election of 2015,but said she had done so to get him on the list and encourage a broad debate.[24]In the election she voted forLiz Kendall,[25]and announced after thelocal electionson 6 May 2016 that she and fellow MPNeil Coyleregretted nominating Corbyn.[26]

Cox campaigned for a solution to theSyrian Civil War.[27]In October 2015, she co-authored an article inThe Observerwith Conservative MPAndrew Mitchell,arguing that British military forces could help achieve an ethical solution to the conflict, including the creation ofcivilian safe havensin Syria.[28]During that month, Cox launched theall-party parliamentary groupFriends of Syria, becoming its chair.[29][30]In the Commons vote in December to approveUK military interventionagainstISILin Syria, Coxabstainedbecause she believed in a more comprehensive strategy that would also include combatting PresidentBashar al-Assadand his "indiscriminatebarrel bombs".[27]She wrote: "By refusing to tackle Assad's brutality, we may actively alienate more of the Sunni population, driving them towards Isis. So I have decided to abstain. Because I am not against airstrikes per se, but I cannot actively support them unless they are part of a plan. Because I believe in action to address Isis, but do not believe it will work in isolation."[31]

Andrew Grice ofThe Independentfelt that she "argued forcefully that the UK Government should be doing more both to help the victims and use its influence abroad to bring an end to the Syrian conflict."[32]In February 2016, Cox wrote to theNobel Committeepraising the work of theSyrian Civil Defense,a civilian voluntary emergency rescue organisation known as the White Helmets, and nominating them for theNobel Peace Prize,stating: "In the most dangerous place on earth these unarmed volunteers risk their lives to help anyone in need regardless of religion or politics." The nomination was accepted by the committee, and garnered the support of twenty of her fellow MPs and several celebrities, includingGeorge Clooney,Daniel Craig,Chris MartinandMichael Palin.The nomination was supported by members of Canada'sNew Democratic Party,who urgedStéphane Dion,the country's Foreign Affairs Minister, to give his backing on behalf of Canada.[33][34]

Cox, a supporter of theLabour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East,[35]called for the lifting of theblockade of the Gaza Strip.[36]She opposed efforts by the government to curtail theBoycott, Divestment and Sanctionsmovement, and said: "I believe that this is a gross attack on democratic freedoms. Not only is it right to boycott unethical companies but it is our right to do so."[37]Cox was working with Conservative MPTom Tugendhaton a report to be published following the release of theChilcot Reportinto the2003 invasion of Iraq.After her death, Tugendhat wrote inThe Times:"Our starting point was that while Britain must learn the painful lessons of Iraq, we must not let the pendulum swing towards knee-jerk isolationism, ideological pacifism and doctrinalanti-interventionism."[38]With the charityTell MAMAshe worked onThe Geography of Anti-Muslim Hatred,investigating cases ofIslamophobia;the report was dedicated to her at its launch on 29 June 2016.[39]Two parliamentary questions concerning theYemeni conflict,tabled by Cox to theForeign and Commonwealth Officeon 14 June, were answered byUnder-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,Tobias Ellwoodafter her death. On 1 July,The Guardianreported that each answer was accompanied by a government note stating: "This question was tabled before the sad death of the honourable lady but the subject remains important and the government's response ought to be placed on the public record."[40]

Cox was aRemainerin the campaign leading to the2016 referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union.[41]Following her death, the EU referendum campaign was suspended for the day by both sides as a mark of respect.[14]The BBC cancelled editions ofQuestion TimeandThis Week,two political discussion programmes scheduled to air that evening focusing on issues relating to the referendum.[42][43]

Personal life[edit]

Brendan Cox at the Trafalgar Square tribute to his wife, on 22 June 2016

Cox was married to Brendan Cox from June 2009 until her death in June 2016. He was an adviser oninternational developmenttoGordon BrownduringBrown's premiership,[44][45]whom she met while she was working for Oxfam.[46]They had two children.[46]The Cox family divided their time between their constituency home and ahouseboat,a convertedDutch barge,on theThames,moored nearTower Bridgein London.[12][27]Asecular humanistandtrade unionist,Cox was a supporter of theBritish Humanist Association[47]and a member of bothGMBandUnison.[48]

Murder[edit]

Main article:Murder of Jo Cox
The library inBirstallwhere Cox had been due to hold a constituencysurgeryat the time of the attack

At 12:53 pmBSTon Thursday, 16 June 2016, Cox was fatally shot and stabbed outside a library inBirstall,West Yorkshire, where she was about to hold aconstituency surgeryat 1:00 pm.[14][49]According to eyewitnesses, she was shot three times—once near the head—and stabbed multiple times. A 77-year-old local man, Bernard Kenny, was stabbed in the stomach while trying to fend off her attacker. Initial reports indicated that the attacker, Thomas Mair, a 52-year-old Batley and Spen constituent[50]and a white supremacist who was obsessed withNazisandapartheid-era South Africaand with links to the US-basedneo-NazigroupNational Alliance,[51]shouted "Britain first" as he attacked her.[14][52]

Thefar-rightBritain Firstparty issued a statement denying any involvement or encouragement in the attack and suggested that the phrase "could have been a slogan rather than a reference to our party."[53]Later at Mair's trial, a witness stated that he shouted: "This is for Britain. Britain will always come first."[54]

Four hours after the incident,West Yorkshire Policeannounced that Cox had died of her injuries shortly after being admitted toLeeds General Infirmary.[49][55]She was the first sitting MP to be killed sinceIan Gow(Conservative), who was killed by aProvisional IRAcar bomb in July 1990,[56]and the first MP to be seriously assaulted sinceStephen Timms,who was stabbed byRoshonara Choudhryin an attempted murder in May 2010.[57][58]A memorial service was held atSt Peter's Churchin Birstall the following day.[59]

A vigil for Cox held in remembrance outsideBath Abbey,one of the many held around Britain, 18 June 2016

Mair was arrested shortly after the attack.[60][61]In a statement issued the day after the attack, West Yorkshire Police said that Cox was the victim of a "targeted attack" and the suspect's links to far-right extremism were a "priority line of inquiry" in the search for a motive.[62]Mair was also examined by a psychiatrist who concluded that Mair was responsible for his actions and that poor mental health was not the consequent factor for his attacks.[63]On 18 June, Mair was charged with murder,grievous bodily harm,possession of a firearm with intent to commit anindictable offenceand possession of anoffensive weapon.[64]He appeared atWestminster Magistrates' Courtlater that day, and at theOld Baileyon 20 June.[65]

On 23 November 2016, Mair was found guilty of all charges – the murder of Cox, stabbing Bernard Kenny (a charge of grievous bodily harm with intent), possession of a firearm with intent to commit an indictable offence and possession of an offensive weapon, namely the dagger. The trial judge imposed on Mair (then 53) a life sentence with awhole-life tariff— not to be released from prison, except at thediscretion of the Home Secretary.[66]As confirmed by theCrown Prosecution Service,Mair’s conviction for a crime amounting to a terrorism offence also means he is officially considered a terrorist by the United Kingdom.[67]

Aftermath[edit]

The murder attracted worldwide attention with tributes and memorials for Cox being made with condemnation of Mair. A personal friend, Canadian MPNathan Cullen,paid tribute to Cox in theHouse of Commons of Canada.[68]Canadian Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau,former US Secretary of StateHillary Clinton,the then US Secretary of StateJohn Kerryand former US RepresentativeGabby Giffords,who was wounded in anassassination attempt in 2011,were among international politicians who sent messages of condemnation and sympathy in the aftermath of her killing.[69]Cox's husband issued a statement urging people to "fight against the hatred that killed her."[70]

Among those who paid tribute to Cox wereLabour Party leaderJeremy Corbyn,who described her as someone who was "dedicated to getting us to live up to our promises to support the developing world and strengthen human rights",[71]while Prime MinisterDavid Cameronsaid she was "a star for her constituents, a star in parliament, and right across the house."[72]US PresidentBarack Obamatelephoned Cox's husband to offer his condolences, noting that "the world is a better place because of her selfless service to others."[73]Parliament wasrecalledon 20 June 2016 for fellow MPs to pay tribute to Cox.[74]

The day after Cox died, 17 June 2016, her husband set up aGoFundMepage named "Jo Cox's Fund" in aid of three charities which he described as "closest to her heart": theRoyal Voluntary Service,Hope not Hate,and theWhite Helmets,a Syrian civil defence group. £700,000 had been raised by 19 June 2016,[75][76]with the amount exceeding £1 million by the following day.[77]On 20 June,Oxfamannounced it would releaseStand As One – Live at Glastonbury 2016,an album of live performances from thefestivalin memory of Cox and that proceeds from the album, released on 11 July, will go towards the charity's work with refugees.[78][79]The festival opened with a tribute to Cox.[80]On the evening of 23 June, while ballots were being counted in theEU membership referendum,polling officials in theYorkshire and Humber regionobserved a minute's silence.[81]

On 22 June, which would have been Cox's birthday, a rally in her memory was held inTrafalgar Square.Speakers included Brendan Cox,Gillian Anderson,Bill Nighy,Malala Yousafzai,andBono.[82]

West YorkshirecoronerMartin Fleming opened aninquestinto Cox's death at Bradford Coroner's Court on 24 June. It was adjourned following a six-minute hearing and her body released to allow her family to make funeral arrangements.[83]The funeral, "a very small and private family affair",[84]was held in her constituency on 15 July, with many thousands of people paying their respects as the cortege passed.[85]

Aby-election in Batley and Spenwas held on 20 October 2016. Labour candidateTracy Brabin,an actress whose credits include a role inCoronation Streetin the mid 1990s, won the by-election with 86 per cent of the vote.[86]TheConservative Party,Liberal Democrats,Green Party,andUKIPdid not contest the election as a mark of respect.[87]Far-right candidate and formerBritish National PartymemberJack Buckbycaused widespread condemnation by standing in the by-election,[88]with Cox's former Labour colleague MPJack DromeydescribingLiberty GB's bid as "obscene, outrageous and contemptible."[89]

One year after her murder, three individuals who came to her aid were honoured in the2017 Queen's Birthday Honours.Bernard Kenny, a passerby who tried to stop Mair during the attack and was himself stabbed in the stomach, was awarded theGeorge Medal,which is given to civilians who exhibit great bravery. PC Craig Nicholls and PC Jonathan Wright of theWest Yorkshire Police,who apprehended and arrested her attacker after he had fled the scene, were awarded theQueen's Gallantry Medal.[90][91]

Legacy[edit]

In December 2016, a group of politicians came together to record a cover ofthe Rolling Stones"You Can't Always Get What You Want"in honour of Cox. Politicians from theLabour Party,theConservatives,and theScottish National Party(SNP) joined with members of the Parliament Choir, the Royal Opera House Thurrock Community Chorus,KT Tunstall,Steve Harley,Ricky Wilson,David Grayand other musicians. All profits from sales of the song went to the Jo Cox Foundation.[92]The single raised over £35,000 for the Jo Cox Foundation and was in the iTunes top 10 after its release but was placed 136 in the Christmas chart.[93]

The musicianPeter Gabrielwho had befriended Cox at a leadership conference (where he also met her murderer), wrote a song, "Love Can Heal" and dedicated it to Cox's memory. He performed it withStingduring their joint "Rock, Paper, Scissors" tour of North America of 2016, and again on his own "i/o" tour of 2023. The song, partially recorded on the 2016 tour and partially in the studio, was released on 31 August 2023 as the 9th single of hisi/oalbum.[94]

In May 2017, a memorial, designed by Cox's children, was unveiled in theHouse of Commons.The unveiling took place at the first "Great Get Together" event that the Jo Cox Foundation held and was in the form of a family day atParliament.[95]In June 2017, Cox's husband Brendan publishedJo Cox: More In Common,a book that talks about the impact of his wife's death on their family.[96][97]Also in June 2017, and to mark the first anniversary of Cox's death, her family and friends urged people to take part in a weekend of events to celebrate her life and held under the banner of "The Great Get Together"; events included picnics, street parties and concerts.[98]

ThePlace Jo Cox/Jo Coxpleinin Brussels

A street, formerly theRue Pierre–Étienne FlandinafterPierre-Étienne Flandin,inAvallon,a town in theYonnedépartementof France, was renamed theRue Jo Coxin May 2017.[99]InBrussels,a square beside theAncienne Belgiqueconcert hall was renamed thePlace Jo Cox/Jo Coxpleinin September 2018.[100][101]

A work of contemporary dance theatre inspired by Cox's political and social beliefs, entitled "More in Common", was created byYouth Music Theatre UKin August 2017 and presented at theSquare Chapel,Halifax.[102]

Her alma mater,Pembroke College,announced a Jo Cox Studentship in Refugee and Migration Studies, which was first awarded in 2017 after extensive fundraising by members of the college.[103]

Following the approval by theEuropean Parliamenton theWithdrawal Agreementon 29 January 2020, European Parliament PresidentDavid Sassoliended his address by referencing Jo Cox's quote "More in Common".[104]

Out of respect for Cox, at the 2016 Batley and Spen by-election parties with parliamentary representation did not stand against Labour candidateTracy Brabinwho was elected with an 85.8% majority. In May 2021, Brabin was elected asMayor of West Yorkshireand, consequently, resigned as MP. On 2 July 2021, Jo Cox's sisterKim Leadbeater,who declared that she had not previously been a political person but 'cared deeply' about where she had been born and grew up, was elected in the2021 Batley and Spen by-election.

Coat of arms[edit]

On 24 June 2017, acoat of arms,designed with the input of Cox's children, was unveiled by her family at the House of Commons, where MPs killed in office are honoured withheraldic shields.[105]The elements of the arms included four roses, to symbolise the members of Cox's family (twowhite roses,for Yorkshire, and two red, forLabour); and thetincturesgreen, purple, and white, which were the colours of theBritish suffragette movement.The motto, "More in Common", is displayed below the shield, and comes from her maiden speech made in Parliament, in which she said: "We are far more united and have far more in common than that which divides us."[106][107][108]The coat of arms is placed above where Cox usually sat whilst in the chamber.

Coat of arms of Jo Cox
Adopted
6 March 2017[109]
Escutcheon
Barry wavy Vert and Purpure a Chevronel Argent between in chief a White Rose and a Red Rose proper both barbed seeded and slipped the stalks conjoined Or and in base a Red Rose and a White Rose proper both barbed seeded and slipped the stalks conjoined Or.
Motto
MORE IN COMMON[110]
Symbolism

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

  • Media related toJo Coxat Wikimedia Commons
  • Quotations related toJo Coxat Wikiquote
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