José de Espronceda

José de Espronceda
El escritor José de Espronceda,portraitbyAntonio María Esquivel(c.1845) (Museo del Prado,Madrid)
Born	José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado (1808-03-25)25 March 1808 Almendralejo,Province of Badajoz,Extremadura, Spain
Died	23 May 1842(1842-05-23)(aged 34) Madrid,Spain
Resting place	Cementerio de San Justo
Nationality	Spanish
Occupation(s)	Poet, writer and journalist
Movement	Romanticism
Children	Blanca Espronceda de Escosura (1834–1900)
Parent	Camilo de Espronceda (father)

José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado(25 March 1808 – 23 May 1842)was aRomanticSpanish poet, one of the most representative authors of the 19th century.He was influenced byEugenio de Ochoa,Federico Madrazo,Alfred Tennyson,Richard Chenevix TrenchandDiego de Alvear.

Life

House where Espronceda was born

Espronceda was born inAlmendralejo,at theProvince of Badajoz.As a youth, he studied at the Colegio San Mateo atMadrid,havingAlberto Listaas a teacher. When he was 15 years old, he formed a secret society named "Los Numantinos"alongside his friendsVentura de la VegaandPatricio de la Escosura,conspiring againstFerdinand VIIand intending to avenge the death ofRafael del Riego.For this, he was imprisoned in a monastery and exiled.Afterward, he left Spain and lived inLisbon,Belgium, France, England andHolland.On his return to Spain in 1833, he became active in theextreme left-wingof Spanish political culture. Espronceda is also known for his affair withTeresa Mancha,for whom he wrote "Canto a Teresa" (fromEl diablo mundo). He died ofdiphtheriain 1842.

In 1902, his body was moved toPanteón de Hombres Ilustres,Spain.

Literary production

Having been inspired to a literary career by his teacherAlberto Lista,Espronceda began to write the historical poemEl Pelayoduring his stay in the monastery. The poem was never completed. Later he wrote the novelSancho Saldaña.His other important works includeEl estudiante de Salamanca,whose main character is Don Félix de Montemar,El mendigo,¡Guerra!,Al dos de mayoandEl diablo mundo,longlyric poems,the latter remained unfinished. Also important wereA Jarifa en una orgía,El verdugo,El canto del cosaco,La canción del pirataandHimno al sol.Many of his works display the tendencies ofRomanticism,and along withJosé Zorrillahe is considered Spain's most important Romantic poet, as well as the most rebellious. In 2006 Diego Martinez Torron has published the first annotated edition of the complete works of José de Espronceda with unpublished text, and with also unpublished text inEl otro Espronceda.

Bibliography

• Marrast, Robert (1974).José de Espronceda et son temps. Littérature, societé, politique au temps du romantisme.Paris: Editions Klincksieck.
• "De Gibraltar a Lisboa, viaje histórico".El Pensamiento.LXXII(8). Biblioteca de Autores Españoles: 174–177. 31 August 1841.
• "Un recuerdo".El Pensamiento.LXXII(3). Biblioteca de Autores Españoles: 60–64. 15 June 1841.
• "Política general".El Pensamiento.LXXII(1). Biblioteca de Autores Españoles: 12–15. 15 May 1841.
• de la Escosura, Patricio (1879).Discurso...Madrid.p. 79.
• Casalduero, Joaquín (1967).Espronceda(2nd ed.). Madrid.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Zorrilla, José(1882–1883).Recuerdos del tiempo viejo.Vol. I. Madrid. pp. 46–50.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Geoffrey Brereton,Quelques précisions sur les sources d'Espronceda(Paris, 1933)

External links

• Works by José de EsproncedaatProject Gutenberg
• Works by or about José de EsproncedaatInternet Archive
• Works by José de EsproncedaatLibriVox(public domain audiobooks)