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Juan Marichal

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For the Spanish-Canarian historian, literary critic and essayist, seeJuan Marichal (historian).
In thisSpanish name,the first or paternalsurnameisMarichaland the second or maternal family name isSánchez.
Juan Marichal
Marichal with the San Francisco Giants in 1965
Pitcher
Born:(1937-10-20)October 20, 1937(age 86)
Laguna Verde,Monte Cristi,Dominican Republic
Batted:Right
Threw:Right
MLB debut
July 19, 1960, for the San Francisco Giants
Last MLB appearance
April 16, 1975, for the Los Angeles Dodgers
MLB statistics
Win–loss record243–142
Earned run average2.89
Strikeouts2,303
Teams
Career highlights and awards
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Induction1983
Vote83.7% (third ballot)

Juan Antonio Marichal Sánchez(born October 20, 1937), nicknamed "the Dominican Dandy",is aDominicanformer right-handedpitcherwho played 16 seasons inMajor League Baseballfrom 1960 to 1975, mostly with theSan Francisco Giants.Known for his high leg kick, variety ofpitches,arm angles and deliveries, pinpointcontrol,and durability, Marichalwon18 games to help the Giants reach the1962 World Series,and went on to earn 191 victories in the 1960s, the most of any major league pitcher. He won over 20 games six times, on each occasion posting anearned run average(ERA) below 2.50 andstriking outmore than 200 batters, and became the first right-hander sinceBob Fellerto win 25 games three times; his 26 wins in 1968 remain a franchise record.

Marichal led theNational League(NL) in wins,innings pitched,complete gamesandshutoutstwice each. He was often overshadowed by his contemporariesSandy KoufaxandBob Gibson;in each of Marichal's four best seasons, either Koufax or Gibson won theCy Young Award,always by unanimous vote. He pitched ano-hitterin June 1963, and two weeks later outdueledWarren Spahnfor a 1–0 victory in 16 innings; Marichal also had three one-hitters–including one in his major league debut–and six two-hitters. One of the most outstanding performers inAll-Starhistory, he was named to the team in nine seasons, recording an ERA of 0.50 in eight appearances and being namedMost Valuable Playerof the 1965 contest.

On August 22, 1965, Marichal was one of the principal figures in perhaps themost violent incident in major league history.While batting in a heated game against the archrivalLos Angeles Dodgers,he struck catcherJohn Roseboroin the head with his bat after Roseboro had thrown the ball back to the mound, brushing past Marichal's face; the blow opened a gash in Roseboro's head that required stitches, and set off a huge brawl between the teams. Marichal was suspended and received a then-record fine, also paying a financial settlement, but the two players later reconciled, and eventually became close friends. Roseboro would later lobby to get Marichal elected to theBaseball Hall of Fameafter he failed to get elected on his first two ballots due to this incident. Marichal would later become a pallbearer at Roseboro's funeral.

Marichal's 243 wins, 2.84 ERA, 244 complete games and 3,444 innings pitched with the Giants are San Francisco team records; his 2,281 strikeouts, 446games startedand 52 shutouts with the club place him behind onlyChristy Mathewsonin franchise history. At the time of his retirement, he ranked sixth inNational Leaguehistory in strikeouts (2,282) and shutouts (52); his 244 complete games ranked ninth among NL pitchers active after 1920. Marichal was inducted into theBaseball Hall of Famein1983;he was the first Dominican player and the first foreign-born player ever elected.

Early life

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Juan Marichal was born on October 20, 1937, in the small farming village of Laguna Verde,Dominican Republic,the youngest of Francisco and Natividad Marichal's four children. He has two brothers, Gonzalo and Rafael, and a sister, Maria. His father died of an unknown illness when Marichal was three years old.[1]His house did not have electricity, but food was plentiful since his family owned a farm. As a child, Marichal worked on the farm daily and was responsible for taking care of his family's horses, donkeys, and goats.[2]He lived near theYaque del Norte Riverand often spent time swimming and fishing.[3]One day, while Marichal was playing by the river, he fell unconscious owing to poor digestion and was in acomafor nine days. Doctors did not expect him to survive, but he slowly regained consciousness after his family gave him steam baths under doctor's orders.[4]

His older brother Gonzalo instilled a love of baseball in young Marichal and taught him the fundamentals of pitching, fielding, and batting.[5]Every weekend, Marichal played the sport with his brother and friends. For their games, they foundgolf ballsand paid the local shoemaker onepesoto sew thick cloth around the ball to make it the proper size.They employed branches from a wassama tree forbatsand canvas tarps forgloves.[6]Among his childhood playmates were the Alou brothers,Felipe,Jesús,andMatty,who all later played with Marichal on theSan Francisco Giants.[6]From the age of six, Marichal aspired to become a professional baseball player, but his mother discouraged this, instead urging him to get an education. At the time, there were no players from the Dominican Republic in the major leagues, and his goal was viewed to be unrealistic.[7]At age 11, he briefly held a job cuttingsugarcanefor the J.W. Tatem Shipping conglomerate.

In 1954, sixteen-year-old Marichal joined a summer league inMonte Cristi,playing for a team called Las Flores. Although he began as ashortstop,Marichal switched to pitching after taking inspiration from Bombo Ramos of theDominican national team.[5]He left high school after being recruited to play for theUnited Fruit Companyteam in 1956.[8]

Playing career

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Marichal was discovered byRamfis Trujillo,the son of late Dominican dictatorRafael Leónidas Trujillo.Ramfis was the primary sponsor of theDominican Air ForceBaseball Team (Aviación Dominicana), against which Marichal pitched a 2–1 victory in his native Monte Cristi. From the very moment the game ended, Marichal was a member of Aviación Dominicana team, enlisted to the Air Force right on the spot by Ramfis's orders.[9]

Marichal in 1962

Marichal started and won the first game atCheney Stadiumin 1960, home of the newTacoma Giants,the Giants AAA affiliate.

Marichal was promoted to the major leagues for the first time in July1960.He entered the major leagues on July 19 as the second native pitcher to come from the Dominican Republic. He made an immediate impression: in his debut against thePhiladelphia Phillies,he struck outRubén Amaroto begin the game and retired the first 19 batters, then took ano-hitterinto the eighth inning only to surrender a two-outsingletoClay Dalrymple.He ended up with a one-hit shutout,walkingone and striking out 12; hisgame scoreof 96 was the highest for any pitcher in his major league debut.[10][11]He started 10 more games that season, finishing at 6–2 with a 2.66 ERA.[12]

Injuries affected him in 1961, but he still made 27 starts and won 13 games for the Giants.[13][12]On August 2, he threw another one-hitter, a 6-0 win atDodger Stadiumin which he struck out 11, allowing only aTommy Davissingle to lead off the fifth. In 1962, the Giants and Dodgers battled each other in a tight pennant race. A sprained ankle kept Marichal out of action between September 5 and 22, and the Giants lost his last two regularly-scheduled starts of the year.[14]The teams finished the season tied and faced off in abest-of-three tiebreaker seriesto determine the league champion.[15]Starting the decisive Game 3, Marichal held the Dodgers to one run until the sixth, when Tommy Davis hit a two-runhome runto give Los Angeles a 3–2 lead. When Marichal exited to start the bottom of the eighth, the Dodgers led 4–2, but San Francisco rallied in the ninth to win the game 6–4.[16]In theWorld Series,Marichal started Game 4 with the Giants down 2 games to 1, and had a 2-0 lead through four innings. But while attempting tobuntin the top of the fifth, he smashed the thumb on his pitching hand, and was placed on the disabled list for the remainder of the Series. The Giants went on to win the game 7–3, but lost the Series in seven games.[17]

After his 18-win campaign in 1962, Marichal finally cracked the 20-victory plateau in1963,when he went 25–8 with 248 strikeouts and a 2.41 ERA.[12]He appeared in every All-Star game of the 1960s beginning in 1962. On August 4, 1965, Marichal had a career-high 14 strikeouts in a 4-3, 10-inning road win over theCincinnati Reds.In May1966,he was namedNL Player of the Monthwith a 6–0 record, a 0.97 ERA, and 42 strikeouts; he had pitched 31 consecutive scoreless innings between May 17 and May 31, including a 14-inning 1-0 shutout of the Phillies on May 26. On September 21 of that year, Marichal had perhaps the most remarkable moment of his batting career, hitting awalk-off home runoff acePittsburgh PiratesrelieverRoy Facefor a 6-5 win; it was just the second of his four career home runs. On July 14, 1967, he surrendered the 500th home run ofEddie Mathews' career. On September 12, 1969, Marichal pitched his third one-hitter, a 1-0 win over the Reds in which the only hit wasTommy Helms' single to lead off the third; Helms was then caughtstealing,with the only other baserunner being a sixth-inning walk.

From 1963 through 1969, Marichal had more than 20 victories in every season except 1967 and never posted an ERA higher than 2.76, which authorJames S. Hirschcalls one "of the finest pitching performances in history."[18]He led the league in victories in1963and1968,when he won 26 games.[19][20]His 30 complete games paced the league, the most thrown by any pitcher in a season in the decade. In 1968, he also earned the highest position of his career inMVPvoting, finishing fifth behindBob Gibson,Pete Rose,Willie McCovey,andCurt Flood.He andSandy Koufaxwere the only two major league pitchers in the post-war era (1946–present) to have more than one season of 25 or more wins, each having three.[12]

Marichal won more games during the 1960s (191) than any other major league pitcher, but did not receive any votes for theCy Young Awarduntil 1970, when baseball writers started voting for the top three pitchers in each league rather than one per league (or, until 1967, only the top pitcher in the major leagues). Marichal finished in the top 10 in ERA seven consecutive years, from 1963 to 1969, in which year he led the league.[21]During his career, he also finished in the top 10 in strikeouts six times, top 10 in innings pitched eight times (leading the league twice), and top 10 in complete games 10 times, with a career total of 244. He led the league twice in shutouts, throwing 10 of them in 1965.[22]

Marichal exhibited exceptional control. He had 2,303 strikeouts with only 709 walks, astrikeout-to-walk ratioof 3.25. This ranks among the top 20 pitchers of all time, ahead of such notables asBob Gibson,Steve Carlton,Sandy Koufax,Don Drysdale,Walter JohnsonandRoger Clemens,who each have strikeout-to-walk ratios of less than 3:1. Over his career, Marichal led the league in the fewest walks per nine innings four times, and finished second three times – totaling eleven years in which he finished in the top 10, while also finishing in the top 10 for strikeouts six years.[12]

Pitching Duel with Spahn

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Marichal dueledWarren Spahn,the 42-year-oldMilwaukee Bravesfuture Hall of Fame pitcher, in a night contest on July 2, 1963, atCandlestick Parkin San Francisco, and the two great pitchers matched scoreless innings untilWillie Mayshomered off Spahn to win the game 1–0 in the 16th inning.[23]

Both Spahn and Marichal tossed 15-plus inning complete games, something that had not happened before or since in the major leagues. Marichal allowed eight hits (all singles except for adoublehit by Spahn) in the 16 innings, striking out 10, and saddling eventual career home run kingHank Aaronwith an 0-for-6 collar. Spahn gave up nine hits in 15.1 innings, walking just one (Maysintentionallyin the 14th, afterHarvey Kuenn's leadoff double) and striking out two.[24]

According to Marichal, managerAlvin Darkoffered to take him out twice once the game reached the 12th inning. The second time, Marichal told Dark, "Do you see that man on the mound? That man is forty-two, and I'm twenty-five. I'm not ready for you to take me out."[25]The game, almost the innings-duration of two contests, lasted only 4 hours, 10 minutes. By coincidence, future baseball commissionerBud Seligattended the game as a fan.[26]

Roseboro-Marichal incident

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Main article:Battle of Candlestick

Marichal is also remembered for a notorious incident that occurred withJohn Roseboroduring a game between the Giants andLos Angeles Dodgersat Candlestick Park on August 22, 1965.[27]The Giants-Dodgers rivalry was, at the time, the fiercest in baseball — a rivalry that began when both teams still played in New York City.[28]

As the 1965 season neared its climax, the Giants were involved in a tight pennant race, entering the game trailing the Dodgers by a game and a half while theBraveswere one game behind the Dodgers. During the second game of the series two days earlier,Maury Willswas awarded first base after umpireAl Formanruled that Giants catcherTom Hallerinterferedwith his swing; Haller claimed the Dodgers were holding their bats farther back than usual, andMatty Alouresponded by doing the same, receiving a warning from Roseboro after his bat actually made contact with the Dodger catcher.[29]

Wills led off the game with a bunt single off Marichal and scored onRon Fairly's double. Marichal, a fierce competitor, viewed the bunt as a cheap way to get on base and took umbrage with Wills.[29]When Wills came up to bat in the second inning, Marichal threw a pitch directly at him, sending him sprawling to the ground. Willie Mays then led off the bottom of the second inning for the Giants, and Dodgers pitcherSandy Koufaxthrew a pitch over Mays' head as a token form of retaliation.[29]In the top of the third inning with two out, Marichal threw a fastball that came close to hitting Fairly, prompting him to dive to the ground. Marichal's act angered the Dodgers, and home plate umpireShag Crawfordwarned both teams that any further retaliations would not be tolerated.[29]

Marichal warming before a game,c. 1967

Marichal came to bat in the third inning expecting Koufax to throw at him. Instead, he was startled when, after the second pitch, Roseboro's return throw to Koufax either brushed his ear or came close enough for Marichal to feel the breeze off the ball. Marichal screamed "Why did you do that?" to Roseboro, who came out of his crouch with his fists clenched.[30]Marichal later said he thought Roseboro was about to attack him. Giants captain Mays said Roseboro "brushed [Marichal]. Maybe it was a swing." Marichal raised his bat, striking Roseboro at least twice on the head, opening a two-inch gash that sent blood flowing down the catcher's face. Koufax raced in from the mound to attempt to separate them and was joined by the umpires, players and coaches from both teams.[30]

A 14-minute brawl ensued on the field before Koufax, Mays and other peacemakers restored order.[29]Marichal was ejected from the game, and afterwards, National League presidentWarren Gilessuspended him for eight games (two starts), fined him a then-NL record US$1,750 (equivalent to $16,920 in 2023), and also forbade him from traveling to Dodger Stadium for the final, crucial two-game series of the season. Roseboro, who required 14 stitches for his wound, filed a $110,000 damage suit against Marichal one week after the incident, but eventually settled out of court for $7,500.[30]

Many people thought Marichal's punishment was too lenient, since it would cost him only two starts.[30]Fans booed him for the rest of the season whenever he pitched a road game.[31]The Giants were in a tight pennant race with the Dodgers (as well as the Pirates, Reds and Braves) and the race was decided with only two games to play. The Giants, who ended up winning the August 22 game and were trailing by only a half-game afterward, eventually lost the pennant to the Dodgers by two games. Ironically, the Giants went on a 14-game win streak that started during Marichal's absence, and by then it was a two-team race as the Pirates, Reds and Braves fell further behind. But then the Dodgers won 15 of their final 16 games (after Marichal had returned) to win the pennant. Marichal won in his first game back, 2–1 vs. theHouston Astroson September 9 (the same day Koufax pitched hisperfect gamevs. theChicago Cubs), but lost his last three decisions as the Giants slumped in the season's final week.[32]"Marichal's actions might have cost us the pennant," Mays speculated, noting that therelief pitchershad to work more in the absence of Marichal, who usually completed his starts.[33]

Marichal didn't face the Dodgers again untilspring trainingon April 3,1966.In his firstat batagainst Marichal since the incident, Roseboro hit a three-run home run. Later on, Giants general managerChub Feeneyapproached Dodgers general managerBuzzie Bavasito attempt to arrange a handshake between Marichal and Roseboro. However, Roseboro declined the offer.[34]

Years later, in his memoirs, Roseboro stated that he was retaliating for Marichal's having thrown at Wills. He took matters into his own hands as he did not want to risk Koufax being ejected and possibly being suspended for retaliating while the Dodgers were in the middle of a close pennant race.[35]He stated that his throwing close to Marichal's ear was "standard operating procedure", as a form of retribution.[30]After years of bitterness, Roseboro and Marichal became close friends in the 1980s, getting together occasionally atold-timers' games,golf tournaments and charity events.[36]

1970–1975

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In1970,Marichal experienced a severe reaction topenicillinwhich led to back pain and chronicarthritis.His career stumbled that year, as he only posted 12 wins and his ERA shot up to 4.12; he did, however, pick up his200th career victoryon August 28 with a 5-1 win over the Pirates, evening his record at 9-9 with his sixth straight win. He recovered with a stellar1971season in which he won 18 games and his ERA again dropped below 3.00; he recorded his2,000th strikeouton May 10 in a 3-2 win over the Reds, retiringLee Mayin the ninth inning. It was the only season in which Marichal earned any consideration for theCy Young Award,finishing in 8th place.[12]The Giants returned to the playoffs for the first time since 1962, winning theNL Westdivision and facing the Pirates in theNL Championship Series.Marichal started the third game in Pittsburgh with the series tied at one game each; he pitched well, limiting Pittsburgh's offense to solo home runs byBob RobertsonandRichie Hebner.However, the Giants managed only oneunearned run,losing the game 2–1 before losing the series three games to one.[37][38]

1971 would turn out to be Marichal's final strong season and the last time he would be selected to the All-Star Game. In 1972, he got off to a 1–6 start, finishing the year with a 6–16 record, his first losing season.[12]After posting an 11–15 record in 1973, his contract was sold to theBoston Red Soxon December 8.[39]

Marichal had some success in1974;he started the season with a 2-1 record but an ERA of 7.16 in mid-May before arm and back problems sidelined him. He returned in August, winning three more games and lowering his ERA to 4.12, but could not make it past the third inning in his two September starts; he was released after the season with a 5–1 record and 4.87 ERA in 11 starts, his last win being a 2-1 road victory over theOakland Athleticson August 11. He then signed with the Dodgers as afree agent.[40]

Dodger fans had never forgiven Marichal for his attack on Roseboro 10 years earlier, and it took a personal appeal from Roseboro to calm them down. However, Marichal's1975didn't last long; he was lit up for nine runs, 11 hits and a 13.50 ERA in only two starts, again not making it past the fourth inning, before retiring less than two weeks into the season. He finished his career with 243 victories, 142 losses, 244 complete games, 2,303 strikeouts and a 2.89 ERA over 3,507 innings pitched. His 243 wins were the most by a foreign-born pitcher in over half a century, and he held virtually every career record forLatin Americanpitchers before most of them were broken byLuis TiantandDennis Martínez.He played in the1962 World Seriesagainst theNew York Yankees(one start, withno decision) and the1971 National League Championship Seriesagainst the Pirates (losing his only start). Between 1962 and 1971, the Giants averaged 90 wins a season, and Marichal averaged 20 wins a year.[12]

No-hitter and All-Star performances

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Marichal pitched ano-hitteron June 15, 1963, a 1-0 shutout of the Houston Colt.45s; he retired the first 14 hitters, allowing only a pair of walks, and struck outBrock Davisto close out the win.Chuck Hiller's eighth-inning RBI double provided the game's only scoring.[41]

He was named to nineAll-Starteams, and was voted the Most Valuable Player of the1965 gamein Minneapolis, in which he pitched three shutout innings to begin the game and faced the minimum nine batters, giving up one hit before a double play.[42]His overall All-Star Game record was 2–0 with a 0.50 ERA in eight appearances, facing 62 batters in 18 total innings, second-most in innings pitched only toDon Drysdale(19.1 innings; 2–1, 1.40 ERA and 69 batters faced).[43]

Career statistics

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Category W L ERA GS CG SHO SV IP HR BB IBB SO HBP WHIP FIP ERA+ Ref.
Total 243 142 2.89 457 244 52 2 3,507 320 709 82 2,303 40 1.101 3.04 123 [12]

Pitching style

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Unlike Koufax and Gibson, both of whom were power pitchers, Marichal was a finesse pitcher who developed pinpoint control early in his career. He threw five pitches – fastball,slider,changeup,curveball,andscrewball– for strikes in three different angles: over the top, three-quarters, orsidearm,giving him a wide-ranging repertoire.[44]

Marichal was known for his high leg kick delivery which allowed him to conceal the type of pitch until it was delivered. The high left leg kick went nearly vertical (even more so thanWarren Spahn's delivery). He maintained this delivery his entire career, the kick only slightly diminished as he neared retirement.[45]

Honors

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Juan Marichal's number 27 wasretiredby theSan Francisco Giantsin 1975.

Marichal fell short of election to theBaseball Hall of Fameduring his first two years of eligibility, coming within seven votes in 1982, by all accounts because theBaseball Writers' Association of Americavoters still held his attack on Roseboro against him.[45]However, after a personal appeal by Roseboro, Marichal was elected in1983,and thanked Roseboro in his induction speech. When Roseboro died in 2002, Marichal served as an honorary pallbearer at his funeral and told the gathered, "Johnny's forgiving me was one of the best things that happened in my life. I wish I could have had John Roseboro as my catcher."[46]

In 1975, the Giants retired Marichal's uniform number 27.[47]In 1999, he ranked #71 onThe Sporting News'list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a finalist for theMajor League Baseball All-Century Team.[48][49]

In 2005, Marichal was honored before a game with astatueoutsideSBC Park's (as it was known then) "Lefty O'Doul" entrance.[50]The Giants also honored him by wearing jerseys that said "Gigantes", the Spanish word for "Giants" during the series.

On July 20, 2003, Marichal was inducted into theHispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Famein a pregame on-field ceremony at Pac Bell Park.[51]In 2005, he was named one of the three starting pitchers on Major League Baseball'sLatino Legends Team.[52]

In 2015, theEstadio Quisqueyain his home country was renamedEstadio Quisqueya Juan Marichalafter him.[53][54]The following year, a statue of Marichal was unveiled outside the stadium.[55]

Personal life

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Marichal at the2008 MLB All-Star GameParade.

In the early 1960s, Marichal became engaged to Alma Rosa Carvajal. Following the assassination ofRafael Trujilloin 1961, theDominican Republicwas thrown into chaos and conditions became dangerous. Marichal, in spring training at the time, sought to return to his home country in order to bring Alma back with him to the United States. His manager,Alvin Darknot only consented to Marichal leaving camp, but even gave the pitcher two plane tickets.[44]

Upon returning to the States with his fiancé, Marichal married Carvajal in March 1962. Together, they had six children: Rosie, Elsie, Yvette, Ursula Raquel, Charlene, and Juan Antonio.[44]

Since retirement, Marichal lives in the Dominican Republic where he owns a farm. He travels frequently to theUnited Statesand has worked in baseball in various capacities. From 1996 to 2000, he served in the cabinet of Dominican Republic PresidentLeonel Fernándezas Minister of Sports and Physical Education.[44]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^Marichal and Freedman,p. 13.
  2. ^Marichal and Freedman,p. 14.
  3. ^Marichal and Freedman,p. 20.
  4. ^Marichal and Freedman,p. 21.
  5. ^abMarichal and Freedman,p. 15.
  6. ^abMarichal and Freedman,p. 16.
  7. ^Marichal and Freedman,p. 17.
  8. ^Marichal and Freedman,p. 23.
  9. ^"Baseball: The Dandy Dominican".TIME.June 10, 1966.
  10. ^Rosengren,pp. 37–38.
  11. ^"Philadelphia Phillies at San Francisco Giants Box Score, July 19, 1960".Baseball-Reference.
  12. ^abcdefghi"Juan Marichal Career Statistics".Baseball-Reference.
  13. ^Hirsch,p. 350.
  14. ^Hirsch,p. 361.
  15. ^Hirsch,p. 363.
  16. ^"San Francisco Giants at Los Angeles Dodgers Box Score, October 3, 1962".Baseball-Reference.
  17. ^"1962 World Series – New York Yankees over San Francisco Giants (4–3)".Baseball-Reference.
  18. ^Hirsch,p. 323.
  19. ^"1963 National League Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.
  20. ^"1968 National League Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.
  21. ^"1969 National League Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.
  22. ^"1965 National League Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.
  23. ^Kaplan, Jim (July 1, 2011)."Nearly half century later, Spahn-Marichal duel still the best ever".Sports Illustrated.
  24. ^"Milwaukee Braves vs San Francisco Giants Box Score: July 2, 1963".Baseball-Reference.
  25. ^Hirsch,p. 404.
  26. ^Brown, Daniel (August 12, 2016)."Marichal-Spahn epic duel was 50 years ago".The Mercury News.
  27. ^Mann, Jack (August 30, 1965)."The Battle of San Francisco".Sports Illustrated.
  28. ^Stone, Kevin (August 19, 2015)."Juan Marichal clubbed John Roseboro 50 years ago in ugly, iconic incident".ESPN.
  29. ^abcde"Book Excerpt: Marichal, Roseboro and the inside story of baseball's nastiest brawl".Sports Illustrated.April 21, 2014.
  30. ^abcdeWilstein, Steve (August 22, 1990)."Marichal clubbing of Roseboro an ugly side of baseball".The Times-News.
  31. ^Hirsch,p. 442.
  32. ^Hirsch,443–45
  33. ^Rosengren,pp. 134–135.
  34. ^"John Roseboro Hammers Homer In First Meeting With Juan Marichal".The Day.April 4, 1966.RetrievedDecember 30,2015.
  35. ^Rosengren,pp. 112–113.
  36. ^Knapp, Gwenn (August 21, 2005)."40 years later, The Fight resonates in a positive way".San Francisco Chronicle.
  37. ^Hirsch,p. 500–501.
  38. ^"1971 National League Championship Series (NLCS) Game 3, Giants at Pirates, October 5".Baseball-Reference.
  39. ^"Marichal Sold to Red Sox".The New York Times.December 8, 1973.RetrievedOctober 30,2020– via TimesMachine.
  40. ^"Juan Marichal Trades and Transactions by Baseball Almanac".Baseball Almanac.
  41. ^"Houston Colt.45s at San Francisco Giants Box Score, June 15, 1963".Baseball-Reference.
  42. ^"July 13, 1965: Senior Circuit takes charge in Minnesota's first All-Star Game".Society for American Baseball Research.
  43. ^"All-time and Single-Game All-Star Game Pitching Leaders".Baseball-Reference.
  44. ^abcd"Juan Marichal (SABR BioProject)".Society for American Baseball Research.
  45. ^ab"Marichal, Juan".National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.
  46. ^Plaschke, Bill (August 22, 2015)."Fifty years after Giants' Juan Marichal hit Dodgers' John Roseboro with a bat, all is forgiven".Los Angeles Times.
  47. ^"Giants retired numbers".MLB.
  48. ^"The Sporting News Selects Baseball's 100 Greatest Players".The Sporting News.April 26, 1999. Archived fromthe originalon September 15, 2004.
  49. ^"The All-Century Team".MLB.Archivedfrom the original on January 19, 2010.RetrievedFebruary 15,2007.
  50. ^Dickey, Glenn (May 22, 2005)."'Dominican Dandy' gets due: Statue unveiled at SBC ".San Francisco Chronicle.
  51. ^"Juan Marichal".Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame.Archived fromthe originalon June 6, 2003.RetrievedJuly 21,2008.
  52. ^"Chevrolet Presents the Major League Baseball Latino Legends Team unveiled today".MLB.October 26, 2005. Archived fromthe originalon June 30, 2020.RetrievedJune 30,2020.
  53. ^"Senado reconocerá a Pedro Martínez; entregan gaceta con ley 11–15 a Juan Marichal".El Nacional(in Spanish). March 18, 2015.RetrievedMay 7,2016.
  54. ^Terrero Galarza, Satosky (February 1, 2016)."Nombre y silueta de Juan Marichal ya adornan el estadio Quisqueya".El Caribe(in Spanish). Archived fromthe originalon April 3, 2016.RetrievedMay 7,2016.
  55. ^Vicioso, Dolores (June 8, 2016)."Juan Marichal statue at Quisqueya Stadium".DR1.

Book sources

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Awards and achievements
Preceded by San Francisco GiantsOpening Day
Starting pitcher
1962
1964–1969 		Succeeded by
Preceded by No-hitter pitcher
June 15, 1963 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Major League Player of the Month
May 1966 		Succeeded by
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