July 4
Appearance
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July 4 in recent years |
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2015 (Saturday) |
July 4is the 185th day of the year (186th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar;180 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 362 BC–Battle of Mantinea:TheThebans,led byEpaminondas,defeated theSpartans.
- 414– EmperorTheodosius II,age 13, yields power to his older sisterAelia Pulcheria,who reigned asregentand proclaimed herself empress (Augusta) of theEastern Roman Empire.
- 836–Pactum Sicardi,a peace treaty between thePrincipality of Beneventoand theDuchy of Naples,is signed.
- 993–Ulrich of Augsburgiscanonizedas a saint.
- 1054– A supernova, calledSN 1054,is seen by ChineseSong dynasty,Arab,and possiblyAmerindianobservers near the starZeta Tauri.For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form theCrab Nebula.
- 1120–Jordan II of Capuais anointed as prince after his infant nephew's death.
- 1187– TheCrusades:Battle of Hattin:SaladindefeatsGuy of Lusignan,King of Jerusalem.
- 1253– Battle of West-Capelle:John I of AvesnesdefeatsGuy of Dampierre.
- 1333–Genkō War:Forces loyal toEmperor Go-DaigoseizeTōshō-jiduring theSiege of Kamakura.Hōjō Takatokiand other members of theHōjō clancommit suicide, ending theruleof theKamakura shogunate.[1]
- 1359–Francesco II OrdelaffiofForlìsurrenders to the Papal commanderGil de Albornoz.
- 1456–Ottoman–Hungarian wars:TheSiege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade)begins.
- 1534–Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norwayin the town ofRye.
- 1584–Philip AmadasandArthur Barlowearrive atRoanoke Island.
1601–1900
[edit]- 1610– TheBattle of Klushinois fought between forces of thePolish–Lithuanian CommonwealthandRussiaduring thePolish–Russian War.
- 1634– The city ofTrois-Rivièresis founded inNew France(now Quebec, Canada).
- 1744– TheTreaty of Lancaster,in which theIroquoiscede lands between theAllegheny Mountainsand theOhio Riverto the British colonies, was signed inLancaster, Pennsylvania.
- 1774–Orangetown Resolutionsare adopted in theProvince of New York,one of many protests against theBritish Parliament'sCoercive Acts.
- 1776–American Revolution:TheUnited States Declaration of Independenceis adopted by theSecond Continental Congress.
- 1778–American Revolutionary War:U.S. forces underGeorge ClarkcaptureKaskaskiaduring theIllinois campaign.
- 1802– TheUnited States Military Academyopens atWest Point, New York.
- 1803– TheLouisiana Purchaseis announced to the American people.
- 1817– InRome, New York,construction on theErie Canalbegins.
- 1818–US Flag Act of 1818goes into effect creating a 13 stripe flag with a star for each state. New stars would be added on July 4 after a new state had been admitted.[2]
- 1827–Slaveryis abolished in theState of New York.
- 1831–Samuel Francis Smithwrites "My Country, 'Tis of Thee"for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
- 1832–John Nealdelivers the first public lecture in the US to advocate the rights of women.[3][4]
- 1832–Durham Universityestablished byAct of Parliament;the first recognized university to be founded inEnglandsinceCambridgeover 600 years earlier.[5]
- 1837–Grand Junction Railway,the world's first long-distance railway, opens betweenBirminghamandLiverpool.
- 1838– TheIowa Territoryis organized.
- 1845–Henry David Thoreaumoves into a small cabin onWalden Pondin Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau's account of his two years there,Walden,will become a touchstone of the environmental movement.
- 1855– The first edition ofWalt Whitman's book of poems,Leaves of Grass,is published inBrooklyn.
- 1862–Lewis CarrolltellsAlice Liddella story that would grow intoAlice's Adventures in Wonderlandand its sequels.
- 1863–American Civil War:Siege of Vicksburg:TheConfederatearmy inVicksburg, Mississippisurrenders toUnionforces underUlysses S. Grantafter 47 days of siege, contributing to the Union capture of theMississippi River.[6]
- 1863 – American Civil War: Union forces repulse a Confederate army at theBattle of Helenain Arkansas. The battle thwarts a Rebel attempt to relieve pressure on the besieged city of Vicksburg, and paves the way for the Union capture ofLittle Rock.[7]
- 1863 – American Civil War:Retreat from Gettysburg:The ConfederateArmy of Northern VirginiaunderRobert E. Leewithdraws from the battlefieldafter losing theBattle of Gettysburg,signaling an end to his lastinvasionof theNorth.[8]
- 1879–Anglo-Zulu War:The Zululand capital ofUlundiis captured by British troops and burned to the ground, ending the war and forcing KingCetshwayoto flee.
- 1881– InAlabama,theTuskegee Instituteopens.
- 1886– TheCanadian Pacific Railway's first scheduled train from Montreal arrives inPort Moodyon the Pacific coast, after six days of travel.
- 1887– The founder ofPakistan,Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah,joinsSindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam,Karachi.
- 1892–Western Samoachanges theInternational Date Line,causing Monday (July 4) to occur twice, resulting in a leap year with 367 days.
- 1894– The short-livedRepublic of Hawaiiis proclaimed bySanford B. Dole.
- 1898– En route from New York toLe Havre,theSSLa Bourgognecollides with another ship and sinks off the coast ofSable Island,with the loss of 549 lives.
1901–present
[edit]- 1901–William Howard Taftbecomes American governor of the Philippines.
- 1903– ThePhilippine–American Waris officially concluded.
- 1910– TheJohnson–Jeffries riotsoccur after African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer Jim Jeffries in the 15th round. Between 11 and 26 people are killed and hundreds more injured.
- 1911– Amassive heat wavestrikes the northeastern United States, killing 380 people in eleven days and breaking temperature records in several cities.
- 1913–PresidentWoodrow WilsonaddressesAmerican Civil Warveterans at theGreat Reunion of 1913.
- 1914– The funeral ofArchduke Franz Ferdinandand his wifeSophietakes place inVienna,six days after their assassinations inSarajevo.
- 1918–Mehmed Vdied at the age of 73 andOttoman sultanMehmed VIascends to the throne.
- 1918 –World War I:TheBattle of Hamel,a successful attack by theAustralian Corpsagainst German positions near the town ofLe Hamelon theWestern Front.
- 1927– First flight of theLockheed Vega.
- 1939–Lou Gehrig,recently diagnosed withAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis,informs a crowd atYankee Stadiumthat he considers himself "The luckiest man on the face of the earth", then announces his retirement from major leaguebaseball.
- 1941–Nazi crimes against the Polish nation:Nazitroopsmassacre Polish scientists and writersin the capturedUkrainiancity ofLviv.
- 1941 –World War II:TheBurning of the Riga synagogues:The Great Choral Synagogue in German-occupiedRigais burnt with 300 Jews locked in the basement.
- 1942– World War II: The 250-daySiege of Sevastopolin theCrimeaends when the city falls toAxisforces.
- 1943– World War II: TheBattle of Kursk,the largest full-scale battle in history and the world's largest tank battle, begins in the village ofProkhorovka.
- 1943 – World War II: InGibraltar,aRoyal Air ForceB-24 Liberatorbombercrashesinto the sea in an apparent accident moments after takeoff, killing sixteen passengers on board, including generalWładysław Sikorski,the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army and the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile; only the pilot survives.
- 1946– TheKielce pogromagainst Jewish Holocaust survivors in Poland.
- 1946 – After 381 years of near-continuous colonial rule by various powers, thePhilippinesattains full independence from the United States.
- 1947– The "Indian Independence Bill" is presented before theBritish House of Commons,proposing the independence of theProvinces of British Indiainto two sovereign countries: India andPakistan.
- 1950–Cold War:Radio Free Europefirst broadcasts.
- 1951– Cold War: A court inCzechoslovakiasentences American journalistWilliam N. Oatisto ten years in prison on charges ofespionage.
- 1951 –William Shockleyannounces the invention of thejunction transistor.
- 1954–Food rationing in Great Britainends, with the lifting of restrictions on sale and purchase of meat, 14 years after it began early inWorld War II,and nearly a decade after the war's end.
- 1960– Due to the post-Independence Day admission of Hawaii as the 50thU.S. stateonAugust 21,1959, the 50-starflag of the United Statesdebuts inPhiladelphia,almost ten and a half months later (seeFlag Acts (United States)).
- 1961– On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarineK-19suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die ofradiation poisoningover the following two years.
- 1966– U.S. PresidentLyndon B. Johnsonsigns theFreedom of Information Actinto United States law. The act went into effect the next year.
- 1976–Israeli commandosraid Entebbeairport inUganda,rescuing all but four of the passengers and crew of anAir Francejetliner seized by Palestinian terrorists.
- 1977– TheGeorge Jackson Brigadeplants a bomb at the main power substation for theWashingtonstate capitol inOlympia,in solidarity with a prison strike at theWalla Walla State PenitentiaryIntensive Security Unit.
- 1982– Three Iranian diplomats and a journalist arekidnapped in LebanonbyPhalange forces,and their fate remains unknown.
- 1982 –Space Shuttle program:Columbialands atEdwards Air Force Baseat the end of the program's final test flight,STS-4.PresidentRonald Reagandeclares the Space Shuttle to be operational.[9]
- 1994–Rwandan genocide:Kigali,the Rwandan capital, is captured by theRwandan Patriotic Front,ending the genocide in the city.
- 1997–NASA'sPathfinderspace probe lands on the surface ofMars.
- 1998– Japan launches theNozomiprobe toMars,joining the United States and Russia as aspaceexploring nation.
- 2001–Vladivostok Air Flight 352crashes on approach toIrkutsk Airportkilling all 145 people on board.[10]
- 2002– ABoeing 707crashesnearBangui M'Poko International AirportinBangui,Central African Republic,killing 28.[11]
- 2004– The cornerstone of theFreedom Toweris laid on theWorld Trade Center sitein New York City.
- 2004 –GreecebeatsPortugalin theUEFA Euro 2004 Finaland becomes European Champion for first time in its history.
- 2005– TheDeep Impactcollider hits thecometTempel 1.
- 2006–Space Shuttle program:DiscoverylaunchesSTS-121to theInternational Space Station.The event gained wide media attention as it was the only shuttle launch in the program's history to occur on the United States'Independence Day.[12]
- 2008– Abomb explodesat a concert inMinsk's Independence Square,injuring 50 people.[13]
- 2009– TheStatue of Liberty's crown reopens to the public after eight years of closure due to security concerns following theSeptember 11 attacks.
- 2009 – The first offour days of bombingsbegins on the southernPhilippineisland group ofMindanao.
- 2012– The discovery of particles consistent with theHiggs bosonat theLarge Hadron Collideris announced atCERN.
- 2015– Chile claims its first title in internationalfootballby defeating Argentina in the2015 Copa AméricaFinal.
- 2024– TheLabour Party,led byKeir Starmer,wins alandslide majorityin the2024 United Kingdom general election,ending 14 years ofConservativegovernment.[14]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 68–Salonia Matidia,Roman daughter ofUlpia Marciana(d. 119)[15]
- 1095–Usama ibn Munqidh,Muslim poet, author and faris (Knight) (d. 1188)[16]
- 1330–Ashikaga Yoshiakira,Japanese shōgun (d. 1367)
- 1477–Johannes Aventinus,Bavarian historian and philologist (d. 1534)
- 1546–Murad III,Ottoman sultan (d. 1595)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1656–John Leake,Royal Navy admiral (d. 1720)
- 1694–Louis-Claude Daquin,French organist and composer (d. 1772)
- 1715–Christian Fürchtegott Gellert,German poet and academic (d. 1769)
- 1719–Michel-Jean Sedaine,French playwright (d. 1797)
- 1729–George Leonard,American lawyer, jurist and politician (d. 1819)
- 1753–Jean-Pierre Blanchard,French inventor, best known as a pioneer in balloon flight (d. 1809)
- 1790–George Everest,Welsh geographer and surveyor (d. 1866)
- 1799–Oscar I of Sweden(d. 1859)[17]
- 1804–Nathaniel Hawthorne,American novelist and short story writer (d. 1864)
- 1807–Giuseppe Garibaldi,Italian general and politician (d. 1882)
- 1816–Hiram Walker,American businessman, foundedCanadian Club whisky(d. 1899)
- 1826–Stephen Foster,American songwriter and composer (d. 1864)
- 1842–Hermann Cohen,German philosopher (d. 1918)
- 1845–Thomas John Barnardo,Irish philanthropist and humanitarian (d. 1905)
- 1847–James Anthony Bailey,American circus ringmaster, co-foundedRingling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus(d. 1906)
- 1854–Victor Babeș,Romanian physician and biologist (d. 1926)
- 1868–Henrietta Swan Leavitt,American astronomer and academic (d. 1921)[18]
- 1886–Tom Longboat,Canadian runner and soldier (d. 1949)[19]
- 1871–Hubert Cecil Booth,English engineer (d. 1955)[20]
- 1872–Calvin Coolidge,American lawyer and politician, 30thPresident of the United States(d. 1933)
- 1874–John McPhee,Australian journalist and politician, 27thPremier of Tasmania(d. 1952)
- 1880–Victor Kraft,Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1975)
- 1881–Ulysses S. Grant III,American general (d. 1968)
- 1883–Rube Goldberg,American sculptor, cartoonist, and engineer (d. 1970)
- 1887–Pio Pion,Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1965)
- 1888–Henry Armetta,Italian-American actor and singer (d. 1945)
- 1895–Irving Caesar,American songwriter and composer (d. 1996)
- 1896–Mao Dun,Chinese journalist, author, and critic (d. 1981)
- 1897–Alluri Sitarama Raju,Indian activist (d. 1924)
- 1898–Pilar Barbosa,Puerto Rican-American historian and activist (d. 1997)
- 1898 –Gertrude Lawrence,British actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1952)
- 1898 –Gulzarilal Nanda,Indian politician (d. 1998)
- 1898 –Gertrude Weaver,American supercentenarian (d. 2015)
- 1900–Belinda Dann,Indigenous Australian who was one of theStolen Generation,reunited with family aged 107 (d. 2007)
- 1900 –Nellie Mae Rowe,American folk artist (d. 1982)
1901–present
[edit]- 1902–Meyer Lansky,American gangster (d. 1983)
- 1902 –George Murphy,American actor and politician (d. 1992)
- 1903–Flor Peeters,Belgian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1986)
- 1904–Angela Baddeley,English actress (d. 1976)
- 1905–Irving Johnson,American sailor and author (d. 1991)
- 1905 –Robert Hankey, 2nd Baron Hankey,British diplomat and public servant (d. 1996)
- 1905 –Lionel Trilling,American critic, essayist, short story writer, and educator (d. 1975)
- 1906–Vincent Schaefer,American chemist and meteorologist (d. 1993)
- 1907–John Anderson,American discus thrower (d. 1948)
- 1907 –Howard Taubman,American author and critic (d. 1996)
- 1909–Alec Templeton,Welsh composer, pianist and satirist (d. 1963)
- 1910–Robert K. Merton,American sociologist and scholar (d. 2003)
- 1910 –Gloria Stuart,American actress (d. 2010)
- 1911–Bruce Hamilton,Australian public servant (d. 1989)
- 1911 –Mitch Miller,American singer and producer (d. 2010)
- 1911 –Elizabeth Peratrovich,Alaskan-American civil rights activist (d. 1958)[21]
- 1914–Nuccio Bertone,Italian automobile designer (d. 1997)
- 1915–Timmie Rogers,American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
- 1916–Iva Toguri D'Aquino,American typist and broadcaster (d. 2006)
- 1918–Eppie Lederer,American journalist and radio host (d. 2002)
- 1918 –Johnnie Parsons,American race car driver (d. 1984)
- 1918 – KingTaufa'ahau Tupou IVof Tonga, (d. 2006)
- 1918 –Alec Bedser,English cricketer (d. 2010)
- 1918 –Eric Bedser,English cricketer (d. 2006)
- 1918 –Pauline Phillips,American journalist and radio host, createdDear Abby(d. 2013)
- 1920–Norm Drucker,American basketball player and referee (d. 2015)
- 1920 –Leona Helmsley,American businesswoman (d. 2007)
- 1920 –Fritz Wilde,German footballer and manager (d. 1977)
- 1920 –Paul Bannai,American politician (d. 2019)
- 1921–Gérard Debreu,French economist and mathematician,Nobel Prizelaureate (d. 2004)
- 1921 –Nasser Sharifi,Iranian sports shooter
- 1921 –Metropolitan Mikhail of Asyut(d. 2014)
- 1921 –Philip Rose,American actor, playwright, and producer (d. 2011)
- 1921 –Tibor Varga,Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 2003)
- 1922–R. James Harvey,American politician (d. 2019)
- 1923–Rudolf Friedrich,Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
- 1924–Eva Marie Saint,American actress
- 1924 –Delia Fiallo,Cuban author and screenwriter (d. 2021)
- 1924 –Harry Stewart Jr.,American military officer and fighter pilot
- 1925–Ciril Zlobec,Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and politician (d. 2018[22])
- 1925 –Dorothy Head Knode,American tennis player[23](d. 2015)
- 1926–Alfredo Di Stéfano,Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (d. 2014)
- 1926 –Lake Underwood,American race car driver and businessman (d. 2008)
- 1927–Gina Lollobrigida,Italian actress and photographer (d. 2023)[24]
- 1927 –Neil Simon,American playwright and screenwriter (d. 2018)[25]
- 1928–Giampiero Boniperti,Italian footballer and politician (d. 2021)
- 1928 –Teofisto Guingona Jr.,Filipino politician; 11th Vice President of the Philippines
- 1928 –Jassem Alwan,Syrian Army Officer (d. 2018)
- 1928 –Shan Ratnam,Sri Lankan physician and academic (d. 2001)
- 1928 –Chuck Tanner,American baseball player and manager (d. 2011)
- 1929–Al Davis,American football player, coach, and manager (d. 2011)
- 1929 –Bill Tuttle,American baseball player (d. 1998)
- 1930–George Steinbrenner,American businessman (d. 2010)
- 1931–Stephen Boyd,Northern Ireland-born American actor (d. 1977)
- 1931 –Rick Casares,American football player and soldier (d. 2013)
- 1931 –Sébastien Japrisot,French author, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
- 1931 –Peter Richardson,English cricketer (d. 2017)
- 1932–Aurèle Vandendriessche,Belgian runner (d. 2023)
- 1934–Yvonne B. Miller,American academic and politician (d. 2012)
- 1934 –Colin Welland,English actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
- 1935–Paul Scoon,Grenadian politician, 2ndGovernor-General of Grenada(d. 2013)
- 1936–Zdzisława Donat,Polish soprano and actress
- 1937–Thomas Nagel,American philosopher and academic
- 1937 –Queen Sonja of Norway
- 1937 –Richard Rhodes,American journalist and historian
- 1937 –Eric Walters,Australian journalist (d. 2010)
- 1938–Steven Rose,English biologist and academic
- 1938 –Bill Withers,American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2020)
- 1940–Pat Stapleton,Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2020)
- 1941–Sam Farr,American politician
- 1941 –Tomaž Šalamun,Croatian-Slovenian poet and academic (d. 2014)
- 1941 –Pavel Sedláček,Czech singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1941 –Brian Willson,American soldier, lawyer, and activist
- 1942–Hal Lanier,American baseball player, coach, and manager
- 1942 –Floyd Little,American football player and coach (d. 2021)[26]
- 1942 –Stefan Meller,French-Polish academic and politician,Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs(d. 2008)
- 1942 –Prince Michael of Kent
- 1942 –Peter Rowan,American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1943–Conny Bauer,German trombonist
- 1943 –Emerson Boozer,American football player and sportscaster
- 1943 –Adam Hart-Davis,English historian, author, and photographer
- 1943 –Geraldo Rivera,American lawyer, journalist, and author[27]
- 1943 –Fred Wesley,Americanjazzandfunktrombonist[28]
- 1943 –Alan Wilson,American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970)
- 1945–Andre Spitzer,Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (d. 1972)
- 1946–Ron Kovic,American author and activist
- 1946 –Michael Milken,American businessman and philanthropist
- 1947–Lembit Ulfsak,Estonian actor and director (d. 2017)
- 1948–René Arnoux,French race car driver
- 1948 –Tommy Körberg,Swedish singer and actor
- 1948 –Jeremy Spencer,English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1950–Philip Craven,English basketball player and swimmer
- 1950 –David Jensen,Canadian-English radio and television host
- 1951–John Alexander,Australian tennis player and politician
- 1951 –Ralph Johnson,American R&B drummer and percussionist
- 1951 –Vladimir Tismăneanu,Romanian-American political scientist, sociologist, and academic
- 1951 –Kathleen Kennedy Townsend,American lawyer and politician, 6thLieutenant Governor of Maryland
- 1952–Álvaro Uribe,Colombian lawyer and politician, 39thPresident of Colombia
- 1952 –Carol MacReady,English actress
- 1952 –John Waite,English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1952 –Paul Rogat Loeb,American author and activist
- 1953–Francis Maude,English lawyer and politician,Minister for the Cabinet Office
- 1954–Jim Beattie,American baseball player, coach, and manager
- 1954 –Morganna,American model, actress, and dancer
- 1954 –Devendra Kumar Joshi,21stChief of Naval Staffof theIndian Navy
- 1955–Eero Heinäluoma,Finnish politician[29]
- 1955 –Kevin Nichols,Australian cyclist
- 1956–Robert Sinclair MacKay,British academic and educator
- 1957–Rein Lang,Estonian politician and diplomat, 25thEstonian Minister of Foreign Affairs
- 1958–Vera Leth,Greenlandic Ombudsman
- 1958 –Kirk Pengilly,Australian guitarist, saxophonist, and songwriter
- 1958 –Carl Valentine,Canadian soccer player, coach, and manager
- 1959–Victoria Abril,Spanish actress and singer
- 1960–Roland Ratzenberger,Austrian race car driver (d. 1994)
- 1961–Richard Garriott,English-American video game designer, created theUltima series
- 1962–Pam Shriver,American tennis player and sportscaster
- 1963–Henri Leconte,French tennis player and sportscaster
- 1963 –Laureano Márquez,Spanish-Venezuelan political scientist and journalist
- 1963 –José Oquendo,Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
- 1963 –Sonia Pierre,Haitian-Dominican human rights activist (d. 2011)[30]
- 1964–Cle Kooiman,American soccer player and manager
- 1964 –Elie Saab,Lebanese fashion designer
- 1964 –Edi Rama,Albanian politician
- 1964 –Mark Slaughter,American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1964 –Mark Whiting,American actor, director, and screenwriter
- 1965–Harvey Grant,American basketball player and coach
- 1965 –Horace Grant,American basketball player and coach
- 1965 –Kiriakos Karataidis,Greek footballer and manager
- 1965 –Gérard Watkins,English actor and playwright
- 1966–Ronni Ancona,Scottish actress and screenwriter
- 1966 –Minas Hantzidis,German-Greek footballer
- 1966 –Lee Reherman,American actor (d. 2016)
- 1967–Vinny Castilla,Mexican baseball player and manager
- 1967 –Sébastien Deleigne,French athlete
- 1969–Al Golden,American football player and coach
- 1969 –Todd Marinovich,American football player and coach
- 1969 –Wilfred Mugeyi,Zimbabwean footballer and coach
- 1972–Stephen Giles,Canadian canoe racer and engineer
- 1972 –Mike Knuble,Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
- 1973–Keiko Ihara,Japanese race car driver
- 1973 –Gackt,Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor
- 1973 –Michael Johnson,English-Jamaican footballer and manager
- 1973 –Anjelika Krylova,Russian ice dancer and coach
- 1973 –Jan Magnussen,Danish race car driver
- 1973 –Tony Popovic,Australian footballer and manager
- 1974–Jill Craybas,American tennis player
- 1974 –La'Roi Glover,American football player and sportscaster
- 1974 –Adrian Griffin,American basketball player and coach
- 1976–Daijiro Kato,Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2003)
- 1976 –Yevgeniya Medvedeva,Russian skier
- 1978–Marcos Daniel,Brazilian tennis player
- 1978 –Émile Mpenza,Belgian footballer
- 1979–Siim Kabrits,Estonian politician[31]
- 1979 –Josh McCown,American football player
- 1979 –Renny Vega,Venezuelan footballer
- 1980–Kwame Steede,Bermudan footballer
- 1981–Dedé,Angolan footballer
- 1981 –Brock Berlin,American football player
- 1981 –Christoph Preuß,German footballer
- 1981 –Francisco Cruceta,Dominican baseball player
- 1981 –Will Smith,American football player (d. 2016)
- 1982–Vladimir Boisa,Georgian basketball player
- 1982 –Vladimir Gusev,Russian cyclist
- 1982 –Jeff Lima,New Zealand rugby league player
- 1982 –Michael "The Situation" Sorrentino,American model, author and television personality[32]
- 1983–Melanie Fiona,Canadian singer-songwriter[33]
- 1983 –Amantle Montsho,Botswanan sprinter
- 1983 –Miguel Pinto,Chilean footballer
- 1983 –Amol Rajan,Indian-English journalist
- 1983 –Mattia Serafini,Italian footballer
- 1984–Jin Akanishi,Japanese singer-songwriter
- 1984 –Miguel Santos Soares,Timorese footballer
- 1985 –Kane Tenace,Australian footballer
- 1985 –Dimitrios Mavroeidis,Greek basketball player
- 1985 –Wason Rentería,Colombian footballer
- 1986–Ömer Aşık,Turkish basketball player
- 1986 –Nguyen Ngoc Duy,Vietnamese footballer
- 1986 –Rafael Arévalo,Salvadoran tennis player
- 1986 –Willem Janssen,Dutch footballer
- 1986 –Terrance Knighton,American football player
- 1986 –Marte Elden,Norwegian skier
- 1987–Wude Ayalew,Ethiopian runner
- 1987 –Guram Kashia,Georgian footballer
- 1988–Angelique Boyer,French-Mexican actress
- 1989–Benjamin Büchel,Liechtensteiner footballer
- 1990–Jake Gardiner,American ice hockey player
- 1990 –Richard Mpong,Ghanaian footballer
- 1990 –Naoki Yamada,Japanese footballer
- 1990 –Ihar Yasinski,Belarusian footballer
- 1992–Ángel Romero,Paraguayan footballer
- 1992 –Óscar Romero,Paraguayan footballer
- 1993–Tom Barkhuizen,English footballer
- 1995–Post Malone,American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer[34]
- 1999–Moa Kikuchi,Japanese musician[35]
- 2003–Polina Bogusevich,Russian singer[36]
Deaths
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 673–Ecgberht,king of Kent[37]
- 907–Luitpold,margrave ofBavaria
- 907 –Dietmar I,archbishop ofSalzburg
- 910–Luo Shaowei,Chinese warlord (b. 877)
- 940–Wang Jianli,Chinese general (b. 871)
- 943–Taejo of Goryeo,Korean king (b. 877)
- 945–Zhuo Yanming,ChineseBuddhist monkand emperor
- 965–Benedict V,pope of the Catholic Church
- 973–Ulrich of Augsburg,German bishop and saint (b. 890)
- 975–Gwangjong of Goryeo,Korean king (b. 925)
- 1187–Raynald of Châtillon,French knight (b. 1125)
- 1307–Rudolf I of Bohemia(b. 1281)
- 1336– SaintElizabeth of Portugal(b. 1271)
- 1429–Carlo I Tocco,ruler of Epirus (b. 1372)
- 1533–John Frith,English priest, writer, and martyr (b. 1503)
- 1541–Pedro de Alvarado,Spanish general and explorer (b. 1495)
- 1546–Hayreddin Barbarossa,Ottoman admiral (b. 1478)
- 1551–Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell,English politician (b. 1514)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1603–Philippe de Monte,Flemish composer and educator (b. 1521)
- 1623–William Byrd,English composer (b. c. 1540)
- 1644–Brian Twyne,English academic, antiquarian and archivist (b. 1581)
- 1648–Antoine Daniel,French missionary and saint, one of the eightCanadian Martyrs(b. 1601)
- 1742–Luigi Guido Grandi,Italian monk, mathematician, and engineer (b. 1671)
- 1754–Philippe Néricault Destouches,French playwright and author (b. 1680)
- 1761–Samuel Richardson,English author and painter (b. 1689)
- 1780–Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine(b. 1712)
- 1787–Charles, Prince of Soubise,Marshal of France (b. 1715)
- 1821–Richard Cosway,English painter and academic (b. 1742)
- 1826–John Adams,American lawyer and politician, 2ndPresident of the United States(b. 1735)[38]
- 1826 –Thomas Jefferson,American architect, lawyer, and politician, 3rdPresident of the United States(b. 1743)
- 1831–James Monroe,American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5thPresident of the United States(b. 1758)
- 1848–François-René de Chateaubriand,French historian and politician (b. 1768)
- 1850–William Kirby,English entomologist and author (b. 1759)
- 1854–Karl Friedrich Eichhorn,German academic and jurist (b. 1781)
- 1857–William L. Marcy,American lawyer, judge, and politician, 21stUnited States Secretary of State(b. 1786)
- 1881–Johan Vilhelm Snellman,Finnish philosopher and politician (b. 1806)
- 1882–Joseph Brackett,American composer and author (b. 1797)
- 1886–Poundmaker,Canadian tribal chief (b. 1797)
- 1891–Hannibal Hamlin,American lawyer and politician, 15thVice President of the United States(b. 1809)
1901–present
[edit]- 1901–Johannes Schmidt,German linguist and academic (b. 1843)
- 1902–Swami Vivekananda,Indian monk and saint (b. 1863)
- 1905–Élisée Reclus,French geographer and author (b. 1830)
- 1910–Melville Fuller,American lawyer and jurist,Chief Justice of the United States(b. 1833)[39]
- 1910 –Kabua the Great,Marshalleseiroijlaplap(b.c. 1820)[40]
- 1910 –Giovanni Schiaparelli,Italian astronomer and historian (b. 1835)
- 1916–Alan Seeger,American soldier and poet (b. 1888)
- 1922–Lothar von Richthofen,German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1894)
- 1926–Pier Giorgio Frassati,Italian activist and saint (b. 1901)
- 1934–Marie Curie,French-Polish physicist and chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate (b. 1867)[41]
- 1938–Otto Bauer,Austrian philosopher and politician,Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs(b. 1881)
- 1938 –Suzanne Lenglen,French tennis player (b. 1899)
- 1941–Antoni Łomnicki,Polish mathematician and academic (b. 1881)
- 1943–Władysław Sikorski,Polish general and politician, 9thPrime Minister of the Second Republic of Poland(b. 1881)
- 1946–Taffy O'Callaghan,Welsh footballer and coach (b. 1906)
- 1948–Monteiro Lobato,Brazilian journalist and author (b. 1882)
- 1949–François Brandt,Dutch rower and engineer (b. 1874)
- 1963–Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg,New Zealand general and politician, 7thGovernor-General of New Zealand(b. 1889)
- 1963 –Clyde Kennard,American activist and martyr (b. 1927)
- 1963 –Pingali Venkayya,Indian activist, designed theFlag of India(b. 1876)
- 1964–Gaby Morlay,French actress and singer (b. 1893)
- 1969–Henri Decoin,French director and screenwriter (b. 1890)
- 1970–Barnett Newman,American painter and illustrator (b. 1905)
- 1970 –Harold Stirling Vanderbilt,American sailor and businessman (b. 1884)
- 1971–August Derleth,American anthologist and author (b. 1909)
- 1971 –Thomas C. Hart,American admiral and politician (b. 1877)
- 1974–Georgette Heyer,English author (b. 1902)
- 1974 –André Randall,French actor (b. 1892)
- 1976–Yonatan Netanyahu,Israeli colonel (b. 1946)
- 1976 –Antoni Słonimski,Polish poet and playwright (b. 1895)
- 1977–Gersh Budker,Ukrainian physicist and academic (b. 1918)
- 1979–Lee Wai Tong,Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1905)
- 1980–Maurice Grevisse,Belgian linguist and author (b. 1895)
- 1984–Jimmie Spheeris,American singer-songwriter (b. 1949)
- 1986–Paul-Gilbert Langevin,French musicologist, critique musical and physicist (b. 1933)
- 1986 –Flor Peeters,Belgian organist and composer (b. 1903)
- 1986 –Oscar Zariski,Belarusian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1899)
- 1988–Adrian Adonis,American wrestler (b. 1954)
- 1990–Olive Ann Burns,American journalist and author (b. 1924)
- 1991–Victor Chang,Chinese-Australian surgeon and physician (b. 1936)
- 1991 –Art Sansom,American cartoonist (b. 1920)
- 1992–Astor Piazzolla,Argentinianbandoneonplayer and composer (b. 1921)
- 1993–Bona Arsenault,Canadian historian, genealogist, and politician (b. 1903)
- 1994–Joey Marella,American wrestling referee (b. 1964)
- 1995–Eva Gabor,Hungarian-American actress and singer (b. 1919)
- 1995 –Bob Ross,American painter and television host (b. 1942)
- 1997–Charles Kuralt,American journalist (b. 1934)
- 1997 –John Zachary Young,English zoologist and neurophysiologist (b. 1907)
- 1999–Leo Garel,American illustrator and educator (b. 1917)
- 2000–Gustaw Herling-Grudziński,Polish journalist and author (b. 1919)
- 2002–Gerald Bales,Canadian organist and composer (b. 1919)
- 2002 –Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.,American general (b. 1912)
- 2003–Larry Burkett,American author and radio host (b. 1939)
- 2003 –André Claveau,French singer (b. 1915)
- 2003 –Barry White,American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1944)
- 2004–Jean-Marie Auberson,Swiss violinist and conductor (b. 1920)
- 2005–Cliff Goupille,Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1915)
- 2005 –Hank Stram,American football player and coach (b. 1923)
- 2007–Bill Pinkney,American singer (b. 1925)
- 2008–Thomas M. Disch,American author and poet (b. 1940)
- 2008 –Jesse Helms,American politician (b. 1921)
- 2008 –Evelyn Keyes,American actress (b. 1916)
- 2008 –Terrence Kiel,American football player (b. 1980)
- 2008 –Charles Wheeler,German-English soldier and journalist (b. 1923)
- 2009–Brenda Joyce,American actress (b. 1917)
- 2009 –Allen Klein,American businessman and talent agent, foundedABKCO Records(b. 1931)
- 2009 –Drake Levin,American guitarist (b. 1946)
- 2009 –Steve McNair,American football player (b. 1973)
- 2009 –Lasse Strömstedt,Swedish author and actor (b. 1935)
- 2009 –Jean-Baptiste Tati Loutard,Congolese poet and politician (b. 1938)
- 2010–Robert Neil Butler,American physician and author (b. 1927)
- 2012–Hiren Bhattacharyya,Indian poet and author (b. 1932)
- 2012 –Jimmy Bivins,American boxer (b. 1919)
- 2012 –Jeong Min-hyeong,South Korean footballer (b. 1987)
- 2012 –Eric Sykes,English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
- 2013–Onllwyn Brace,Welsh rugby player and sportscaster (b. 1932)
- 2013 –Jack Crompton,English footballer and manager (b. 1921)
- 2013 –James Fulton,American dermatologist and academic (b. 1940)
- 2013 –Charles A. Hines,American general (b. 1935)
- 2013 –Bernie Nolan,Irish singer (b. 1960)
- 2014–Giorgio Faletti,Italian author, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1950)
- 2014 –C. J. Henderson,American author and critic (b. 1951)
- 2014 –Earl Robinson,American baseball player (b. 1936)
- 2014 –Richard Mellon Scaife,American businessman (b. 1932)
- 2015–Nedelcho Beronov,Bulgarian judge and politician (b. 1928)
- 2015 –William Conrad Gibbons,American historian, author, and academic (b. 1926)
- 2016–Abbas Kiarostami,Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, and photographer (b. 1940)
- 2017–John Blackwell,American R&B, funk, and jazz drummer (b. 1973)
- 2017 –Daniil Granin,Soviet and Russian author (b. 1919)
- 2017 –Gene Conley,American MLB player and NBA player (b. 1930)[42]
- 2018–Henri Dirickx,Belgian footballer (b. 1927)
- 2018 –Robby Müller,Dutch cinematographer (b. 1940)
- 2021–Harmoko,Indonesian politician, former parliament speaker and government minister (b. 1939)[43]
- 2021 –Matīss Kivlenieks,Latvian ice hockey goaltender (b. 1996)[44]
- 2022–Cláudio Hummes,Brazilian prelate of the Catholic Church (b. 1934)[45]
- 2022 –Kazuki Takahashi,Japanese manga artist (b. 1961)[46]
Holidays and observances
[edit]- Christianfeast day:
- The first evening ofDree Festival,celebrated until July 7 (Apatani people,Arunachal Pradesh,India)
- Independence Day(United States)[47]
- Liberation Day(Northern Mariana Islands)
- Liberation Day(Rwanda)
- Republic Day (Philippines)
References
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- ^Glass, Andrew (April 4, 2017)."Congress redesigns U.S. flag, April 4, 1818".POLITICO.
- ^Weyler, Karen A. (2012). "Chapter 11: John Neal and the Early Discourse of American Women's Rights". In Watts, Edward; Carlson, David J. (eds.).John Neal and Nineteenth Century American Literature and Culture.Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press. p. 248.ISBN978-1-61148-420-5.
- ^Sears, Donald A. (1978).John Neal.Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 98.ISBN080-5-7723-08.
- ^William Whyte (2015).Redbrick: A Social and Architectural History of Britain's Civic Universities.Oxford University Press. p. 33.ISBN9780198716129.
- ^"Vicksburg".Battlefields.org.American Battlefield Trust.RetrievedMay 17,2024.
- ^Matthew W. Taylor (June 16, 2023)."Battle of Helena".EncyclopediaOfArkansas.net.Central Arkansas Library System Encyclopedia of Arkansas.RetrievedMay 17,2024.
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- ^"Shuttle test: 'Outstanding' was the word".The Spokesman-Review.Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. July 5, 1982. p. 1.
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- ^Ranter, Harro."ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-123B 9XR-IS Bangui".aviation-safety.net.Aviation Safety Network.Retrieved2021-07-03.
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- ^CILVI, 02080
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- ^"STA: Poet Ciril Zlobec dies, aged 93".english.sta.si.Retrieved24 August2018.
- ^"Dorothy KNODE".ITF Tennis.International Tennis Federation.Retrieved24 August2018.
- ^"Gina Lollobrigida: Italian screen star dies at 95".BBC News.16 January 2023.Retrieved16 January2023.
- ^"Neil Simon obituary".the Guardian.26 August 2018.Retrieved10 March2022.
- ^"July 4: Happy birthday, Floyd Little".denverbroncos.Retrieved5 May2020.
- ^"Geraldo Rivera Biography".Biography.Archived fromthe originalon March 13, 2014.RetrievedJuly 21,2013.
- ^Ankeny, Jason."AllMusic Biography".AllMusic.Retrieved5 May2020.
- ^Kansanedustajat: Eero Heinäluoma – Eduskunta(in Finnish)
- ^Franco-Soto, Ana (2016). "Pierre, Sonia (1963–2011)". In Knight, Franklin W.; Gates, Jr, Henry Louis (eds.).Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography.Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-199-93580-2.– viaOxford University Press's Reference Online(subscription required)
- ^"Kandidaat nr 167 - SIIM KABRITS".Estonian Electoral Committee.
- ^"The Situation".UsMagazine.Archivedfrom the original on September 16, 2017.RetrievedApril 8,2018.
- ^Chisling, Matthew."Melanie Fiona > Biography".AllMusic.Retrieved18 April2010.
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- ^Herbert, Emily (13 October 2017)."Russia: Who Is Polina Bogusevich?".Eurovoix.
- ^Cheney, Christopher Robert; Jones, Michael (6 April 2000).A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History.Cambridge University Press. p. 23.ISBN978-0-521-77845-9.
- ^"History - John Adams".BBC.Retrieved29 March2022.
- ^Orth, John V. (2005)."Fuller, Melville Weston".The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States.Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/acref/9780195176612.001.0001.ISBN9780195176612.Retrieved25 February2020.
- ^Fitzpatrick, Matthew P. (2022). "11: The Kaiser's Birthday Present".The Kaiser and the Colonies: Monarchy in the Age of Empire.Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 319.doi:10.1093/oso/9780192897039.003.0012.ISBN9780192897039.
- ^"History - Marie Curie".BBC.Retrieved20 January2020.
- ^"Famous Deaths on July 4".On This Day.Retrieved2020-08-25.
- ^Annisa Rizky Fadhila (5 July 2021)."Cerita Keluarga soal Harmoko Terpapar COVID-19 dan Riwayat Penyakitnya".Detik(in Indonesian).Retrieved5 July2021.
- ^"Jackets' Kivlenieks, 24, dies in fireworks accident".ESPN.2021-07-05.Retrieved2024-04-16.
- ^"Obituaries".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Retrieved2022-07-14.
- ^Ives, Mike; Ueno, Hisako (October 28, 2022)."A Celebrated Japanese Artist Died Trying to Save Others From Drowning".New York Times.Retrieved2 November2022.
- ^"Independence Day | History, Meaning, & Date | Britannica".britannica.9 September 2023.Retrieved9 September2023.
External links
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
Wikimedia Commons has media related toJuly 4.
- "On This Day".BBC.
- The New York Times:On This Day
- "Historical Events on July 4".OnThisDay.