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June 1940

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The following events occurred inJune 1940:

June 1,1940 (Saturday)

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June 2,1940 (Sunday)

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  • Adolf Hitlerentered French territory for the first time in the war and visited theCanadian National Vimy Memorial,where photographers took his picture as he walked around the site with his entourage. The photos, showing the memorial intact, were then published in German newspapers to refute stories in the Canadian media claiming that the Germans had bombed it.[2][3]
  • War SecretaryAnthony Edengave a radio address on theDunkirk evacuationreporting that four-fifths of theBritish Expeditionary Forcehad been saved. "The British Expeditionary Force still exists, not as a handful of fugitives, but as a body of seasoned veterans," Eden said. "We have had great losses in equipment. But our men have gained immeasurably in experience of warfare and in self-confidence. The vital weapon of any army is its spirit. Ours has been tried and tempered in the furnace. It has not been found wanting. It is this refusal to accept defeat, that is the guarantee of final victory."[4][5]
  • The remaining French forces at Dunkirk were pushed back into the town itself.[6]
  • 26,256 were evacuated from Dunkirk as operations switched to only being undertaken at night due to the costly air attacks.[1]
  • The masked crimefighting characterThe Spiritfirst appeared in the American Sunday comics.
  • Born:Constantine II of Greece,King of Greece from 1964 to 1973, inPsychiko,Athens,Greece(d. 2023)

June 3,1940 (Monday)

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June 4,1940 (Tuesday)

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June 5,1940 (Wednesday)

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  • The Germans began the second phase of the invasion of France, codenamedFall Rot,by attacking across theSommeandAisnerivers. The Germans initially met stiff resistance, since the French had spent the previous two weeks organizing their defenses south of the Somme.[11]
  • The French cabinet underwent areshuffle.Édouard Daladierwas removed andCharles de Gaullebecame Under-Secretary for Defence.[12]
  • The British government banned all labour strikes.[7]
  • German fighter aceWerner Mölderswas shot down and taken prisoner by the French. He would only spend two weeks in captivity.[13]
  • Wartime emergency legislation inCanadabanned 16 Nazi, Communist and Fascist organizations.[14]
  • Died:F. Luis Mora,65, Uruguayan-born American painter

June 6,1940 (Thursday)

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June 7,1940 (Friday)

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June 8,1940 (Saturday)

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June 9,1940 (Sunday)

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June 10,1940 (Monday)

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  • Norway surrendered to Germany. KingHaakon VIIand his cabinet escaped to London to form agovernment in exile.[22]
  • At 6 p.m.,Benito Mussoliniappeared on the balcony of thePalazzo Veneziato announce that in six hours, Italy would be in a state of war with France and Britain. After a speech explaining his motives for the decision, he concluded: "People of Italy: take up your weapons and show your tenacity, your courage and your valor."[23]The Italians had no battle plans of any kind prepared.[6]
  • Anti-Italian riots broke out in major cities across the United Kingdom after Italy's declaration of war. Bricks, stones and bottles were thrown through the windows of Italian-owned shops, and 100 arrests were made inEdinburghalone.[24]
  • Canadadeclared war on Italy.[12]
  • Italy broke off relations withPoland.[12]
  • Belgium broke off relations with Italy.[12]
  • TheItalian invasion of Francebegan. Fighting would be mostly limited to skirmishing for the first ten days since both sides along the Franco-Italian border were deployed in defensive positions at the beginning of hostilities.
  • 7th Panzer Division reached Dalles nearDieppe.[25]
  • While making acommencement speechat theMemorial Gymnasiumof theUniversity of Virginia,PresidentRooseveltdenounced Mussolini: "On this tenth day of June, 1940, the hand that held the dagger has plunged it into the back of its neighbor." The president also said that military victories for the "gods of force and hate" were a threat to all democracies in the western world and that America could no longer pretend to be a "lone island in a world of force."[26]
  • Operation Cycle,the evacuation of Allied troops fromLe Havre,began.
  • Born:Daniel J. Sullivan,theatre and film director and playwright, inWray, Colorado
  • Died:Marcus Garvey,52, Jamaican publisher and black nationalist leader;Norman McLeod Rogers,45, Canadian Defence Minister (plane crash)

June 11,1940 (Tuesday)

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  • Rommel's 7th Panzer Division reachedLe Havre,then turned back to trap 46,000 British and French soldiers atSaint-Valery-en-Caux.[1]
  • TheRAFbombed theEl Ademairfield inItalian Libya.The Italians responded a few hours later by bombingMalta.[6]
  • TheSiege of Maltabegan.
  • Italy severed relations with Norway.[12]
  • Australia,New ZealandandSouth Africadeclared war on Italy.[12]
  • The French government moved toTours.[12]
  • TheAnglo-French Supreme War Councilmet at a chateau inBriarewhich GeneralMaxime Weygandwas using as a military headquarters. Weygand wanted Churchill to send the entireRoyal Air Forceto France, but Churchill disagreed, saying that if the Germans would divert their air power to the skies over Britain, the French Army would get a chance to regroup. Churchill expressed determination to fight on until all of France's territory was recovered, no matter how much of it fell to the Germans in the interim, and suggested that the French could resort toguerrilla warfareif the time came when traditional military operations were no longer possible. The French were not receptive to this proposal, alarmed at the prospect ofParisbeing reduced to ruins while the general outcome of the war remained unchanged. Churchill brought up the question of what the French Navy would do if the Army suspended fighting, but Paul Reynaud ended the meeting by stating that the French were as determined to continue fighting as the British were.[27]
  • Late in the day,Kleist's forces crossed theMarneatChâteau-Thierry.[28]
  • The RAF conducted an overnight raid onTurinandGenoa.Bombs intended for theFiatheadquarters and manufacturing plant in Turin missed their targets and killed 14 civilians near the city center, an event the Italians publicized as an act of terrorism.[29]
  • German submarineU-124was commissioned.
  • Born:Gunnar Harding,poet, inSundsvall,Sweden
  • Died:Alfred S. Alschuler,63 or 64, American architect

June 12,1940 (Wednesday)

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June 13,1940 (Thursday)

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June 14,1940 (Friday)

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June 15,1940 (Saturday)

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June 16,1940 (Sunday)

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  • Philippe Pétainbecame Prime Minister of France afterPaul Reynaudresigned. Only one hour after becoming the head of government, Pétain asked his Foreign MinisterPaul Baudouinto pass a note to the Spanish ambassador asking Spain to request "the conditions Chancellor Hitler would require to put a halt to military operations and sign an armistice."[23]
  • A dozenBreda Ba.88sof the Regia Aeronautica raidedCorsica,but three were shot down by ground fire.[citation needed]
  • The Italian submarineProvanawas forced to the surface and sunk by the French sloopLa Curieuse.[6]
  • U.S. Congress authorized the sale of munitions to any republic in the Americas.[22]
  • Born:Carole Ann Ford,actress, in Britain;Neil Goldschmidt,businessman and 33rd Governor of Oregon, inEugene, Oregon(d. 2024);Taylor Wang,Chinese-born American astronaut, inJiangxi

June 17,1940 (Monday)

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  • At 3:00 a.m., Pétain's request to open peace negotiations reached Hitler's headquarters nearSedan.Hitler's aides were unsure whether to wake Hitler up, but his valet eventually did so and gave him the cable. Hitler was not surprised and had been expecting such a message for several days.[23]
  • At 12:30 p.m. Pétain took to the radio to deliver his first message to the nation: "It is with a heavy heart that I say to you that fighting must cease."[37][38]However, fighting went on in some sectors.
  • Forces under the command ofHeinz Guderianreached the Franco-Swiss border atPontarlier.[6]
  • The Germans bombed a railway complex atRennesthat was crowded with both military personnel and refugees trying to escape the fighting. A munitions train exploded during the attack and a total of 800 people were killed.[39]
  • The troopship RMSLancastriawas sunk by German air attack off the port ofSaint-NazaireduringOperation Aerialwith over 4,000 fatalities. It is the greatest loss of life in the sinking of any British ship in history. Churchill ordered that news of the sinking be kept secret from the British public.[6]
  • Soviet troops occupy Latvia and Estonia.[40]
  • At 9:00 p.m. Benito Mussolini,Count Cianoand other functionaries boarded a train to go toMunichat Hitler's invitation.[23]
  • Born:George Akerlof,economist and Nobel laureate, inNew Haven, Connecticut;Alan Murray,golfer, inSydney,Australia(d. 2019)
  • Died:Arthur Harden,74, British biochemist and Nobel laureate

June 18,1940 (Tuesday)

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  • Hitler and Mussolini met in Munich to discuss the French armistice request. Mussolini hoped to present Hitler with a list of spoils that Italy wanted to get from the French, but was embarrassed when Hitler displayed no interest in discussing the matter at the time. Hitler also politely but firmly denied Mussolini's request to sit at the same table to sign the armistice with the French, leaving the Italians to seek out a separate one.[23]
  • Churchill made his Battle of Britain speech to the British House of Commons: "...theBattle of Franceis over. TheBattle of Britainis about to begin... if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say,This was their finest hour."He repeated the speech onBBCradio in the evening.
  • TheMinistry of Information (United Kingdom)issued more than 14 million copies of an advisory leafletIf the Invader Comes,[41][42]written byKenneth ClarkwithHarold Nicolson.[43]
  • The Germans capturedLe Mans,Belfort,MetzandDijon.[1]
  • TheBattle of Saumurbegan.
  • Erwin Rommel's7th Panzer DivisionenteredCherbourgat 4:30 p.m. but found that most of the Allied personnel had already evacuated.[1]Half an hour later Rommel visited the Port Admiral's office and accepted the city's surrender.[44]
  • TheBattle of Zaoyang–Yichangended in Japanese victory.
  • Appeal of 18 June:TheBBCbroadcast a speech byCharles de Gaulle."Must we abandon all hope?," de Gaulle asked the French people. "Is our defeat final and irremediable? To those questions I answer - No! Speaking in full knowledge of the facts, I ask you to believe me when I say that the cause of France is not lost. The very factors that brought about our defeat may one day lead us to victory... I, General de Gaulle, now in London, call on all French officers and men who are at present on British soil, or may be in the future, with or without their arms; I call on all engineers and skilled workmen from the armaments factories who are at present on British soil, or may be in the future, to get in touch with me. Whatever happens, the flame of French resistance must not and shall not die."[45]

June 19,1940 (Wednesday)

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  • The Germans capturedLorient,but not in time to stop all the seaworthy ships in its port from being scuttled.[44]
  • The 5th Panzer Division capturedBrestat 7 p.m.[46]
  • Charles de Gaulle broadcast again over the BBC. "Faced by the bewilderment of my countrymen, by the disintegration of a government in thrall to the enemy, by the fact that the institutions of my country are incapable, at the moment, of functioning, I, General de Gaulle, a French soldier and military leader, realise that I now speak for France," he said. "In the name of France, I make the following solemn declaration: It is the bounden duty of all Frenchmen who still bear arms to continue the struggle. For them to lay down their arms, to evacuate any position of military importance, or agree to hand over any part of French territory, however small, to enemy control, would be a crime against our country. For the moment I refer particularly to French North Africa - to the integrity of French North Africa."[45]
  • The BritishJockey Clubannounced that there would be no morehorse racinguntil further notice.[47]
  • President Roosevelt firedHarry Hines WoodringasSecretary of Warfor refusing a direct order to transfer a dozenB-17sto Britain. Woodring was offered the governorship ofPuerto Ricoas consolation, but he refused.[48][49]
  • Born:Paul Shane,comedian and actor, inThrybergh,West Riding of Yorkshire,England (d. 2013);Ian Smith,actor, inMelbourne,Australia
  • Died:Maurice Jaubert,40, French composer (died of wounds sustained in combat)

June 20,1940 (Thursday)

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June 21,1940 (Friday)

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June 22,1940 (Saturday)

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  • TheArmistice of 22 June 1940was signed at 6:36 p.m. AGerman occupation zonewas established in the north and west of France withthe remainderleft "free" to be governed by the French.
  • The Germans enteredLa Rochelle,but not before all the seaport's naval facilities were blown up.[44]
  • The Italian offensive reached the eastern approaches ofMentonbut was unable to advance any further.[citation needed]
  • De Gaulle made a third broadcast over the BBC. "Honour, common sense, and the interests of the country require that all free Frenchmen, wherever they be, should continue the fight as best they may," he declared. "It is therefore necessary to group the largest possible French force wherever this can be done. Everything which can be collected by way of French military elements and potentialities for armaments production must be organised wherever such elements exist. I, General de Gaulle, am undertaking this national task here in England. I call upon all French servicemen of the land, sea, and air forces; I call upon French engineers and skilled armaments workers who are on British soil, or have the means of getting here, to come and join me."[45]
  • Born:
  • Died:Walter Hasenclever,49, German Expressionist poet and playwright (suicide);Monty Noble,67, Australian cricketer

June 23,1940 (Sunday)

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June 24,1940 (Monday)

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June 25,1940 (Tuesday)

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  • The Franco-Italian Armistice came into effect at 12:35 a.m.
  • Hitler addressed the German nation, praising theWehrmachtfor its victory and ordering that all flags be displayed for 10 days and that church bells be rung for a week.[55]
  • Operation Aerialended, although it would go on unofficially until August 14.
  • Operation Collarended in minor British success.
  • German troops were issued English phrase books in preparation for an invasion of Britain.[7]
  • Born:A. J. Quinnell,thriller novelist, inNuneaton,Warwickshire,England (d. 2005)

June 26,1940 (Wednesday)

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June 27,1940 (Thursday)

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June 28,1940 (Friday)

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  • At 1:02 a.m. theRepublican PartynominatedWendell WillkieofIndianaas its candidate for President of the United States.[57]Adark horsecandidate with a background in business, Willkie had never held public office before but won the nomination because he was seen as a moderate whose views were the closest match to those of the electorate.[58]
  • Charles L. McNaryofOregonreceived the nomination for vice president at the Republican convention.[59]
  • Willkie made his acceptance speech before the Republican convention, declaring, "I stand before you without a single pledge or promise or understanding of any kind except for the advancement of your cause and the preservation of American democracy."[60]
  • TheSoviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovinabegan.
  • The Germans bombed the harbours ofSaint Helierand La Roque on the island ofJerseyandSaint Peter PortHarbour onGuernsey,killing a total of 42 people.[61]
  • President Roosevelt signed theSmith Actinto law.
  • Born:Muhammad Yunus,social entrepreneur, banker, economist and Nobel laureate, inChittagong,British India (present-day Bangladesh)
  • Died:Italo Balbo,44, Italian aviator and Fascist leader (plane shot down by friendly fire)

June 29,1940 (Saturday)

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  • British authorities arrestedDiana Mitford,wife of fascist leaderOswald Mosley.The police had already arrested her husband underDefence Regulation 18Ba month earlier, but they waited to arrest her as well since she had just given birth to their sonMax.[62]
  • TheSmith Actwas enacted in the United States, setting criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government and requiring all non-citizen adult residents to be registered.
  • Born:Vyacheslav Artyomov,composer, in the Soviet Union
  • Died:Paul Klee,60, Swiss-German painter

June 30,1940 (Sunday)

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References

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