June 1940
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The following events occurred inJune 1940:
- TheActions in Nordlandended in German victory.
- German bombers sank the French destroyerFoudroyantoffDunkirkas theevacuationfrom there continued. A total of 64,429 were evacuated on this day.[1]
- Born:René Auberjonois,actor and singer, inNew York City(d. 2019)
- Died:Alfred Loisy,83, French Roman Catholic priest, professor and theologian
- Adolf Hitlerentered French territory for the first time in the war and visited theCanadian National Vimy Memorial,where photographers took his picture as he walked around the site with his entourage. The photos, showing the memorial intact, were then published in German newspapers to refute stories in the Canadian media claiming that the Germans had bombed it.[2][3]
- War SecretaryAnthony Edengave a radio address on theDunkirk evacuationreporting that four-fifths of theBritish Expeditionary Forcehad been saved. "The British Expeditionary Force still exists, not as a handful of fugitives, but as a body of seasoned veterans," Eden said. "We have had great losses in equipment. But our men have gained immeasurably in experience of warfare and in self-confidence. The vital weapon of any army is its spirit. Ours has been tried and tempered in the furnace. It has not been found wanting. It is this refusal to accept defeat, that is the guarantee of final victory."[4][5]
- The remaining French forces at Dunkirk were pushed back into the town itself.[6]
- 26,256 were evacuated from Dunkirk as operations switched to only being undertaken at night due to the costly air attacks.[1]
- The masked crimefighting characterThe Spiritfirst appeared in the American Sunday comics.
- Born:Constantine II of Greece,King of Greece from 1964 to 1973, inPsychiko,Athens,Greece(d. 2023)
- The Germans launchedOperation Paula,an attempt to destroy the French Air Force. However, British intelligence had warned the French of the impending attack and the operation failed to achieve its strategic goals.
- The last British troops were evacuated from Dunkirk.[1]
- German aerial bombing of Paris killed 45 people.[7]
- The Allies began evacuatingNarvik.[8]
- 20th Century FoxexecutiveJoseph M. Schenckwas indicted on charges of income tax fraud.[9]
- TheU.S. Supreme CourtdecidedMinersville School District v. Gobitis.
- TheBattle of Dunkirkended with the overnight evacuation of 26,175 French troops. At 10:20 a.m. the Germans occupied the city and captured the 30–40,000 French troops who were left.[1]
- In the British House of CommonsWinston Churchillmade the famous speech commonly titledWe shall fight on the beaches.
- TheBattle of Abbevilleended in German victory.
- German AdmiralWilhelm MarschalllaunchedOperation Juno,sending a large naval force for Norway to disrupt the Allied supply lines to Narvik.[8]
- Forbes FieldinPittsburghhosted its firstnight game;the hometownPiratesbeat theBoston Braves14-2.[10]
- Born:Ludwig Schwarz,Roman Catholic bishop, inMost pri Bratislave,Slovak Republic
- The Germans began the second phase of the invasion of France, codenamedFall Rot,by attacking across theSommeandAisnerivers. The Germans initially met stiff resistance, since the French had spent the previous two weeks organizing their defenses south of the Somme.[11]
- The French cabinet underwent areshuffle.Édouard Daladierwas removed andCharles de Gaullebecame Under-Secretary for Defence.[12]
- The British government banned all labour strikes.[7]
- German fighter aceWerner Mölderswas shot down and taken prisoner by the French. He would only spend two weeks in captivity.[13]
- Wartime emergency legislation inCanadabanned 16 Nazi, Communist and Fascist organizations.[14]
- Died:F. Luis Mora,65, Uruguayan-born American painter
- The French managed to halt the German advance atOisemont,although both sides took heavy casualties. Further east, the French6th Armywas pushed back by the German9th Armyon theAilettenorth ofSoissons.[15]
- All ships of the Italian merchant marine received government orders to proceed immediately to Italian ports.[16]
- A memorandum created in theGerman Foreign Officeproposed several measures for solving the "Jewish question",including mass deportations to the French colony ofMadagascar.[17]
- Born:Richard Paul,actor, inLos Angeles,California(d. 1998)
- Died:Arthur Zimmermann,75, German diplomat
- Erich Hoepner's panzers destroyed the French 19th Infantry Division south ofPeronne,while the French10th Army's line was broken atPoix-de-Picardie.[18]
- A single airplane from the French Navy bombedBerlinin a night raid. TheFarman 223.4lingered over the city for as long as possible to create the impression of more than one airplane, then dropped its bomb load over some factories in Berlin's north end.[19]
- The character ofDaisy Duckfirst appeared in the Disney cartoonMr. Duck Steps Out.
- The comedy-horror filmThe Ghost BreakersstarringBob HopeandPaulette Goddardhad its world premiere in Detroit.
- Born:
- Died:James Hall,39, American film actor (cirrhosis);Hugh Rodman,81, American admiral
- The German5thand7thPanzer Divisions crossed theSeineRiver. The 5th Panzer Division capturedRouen.[1]
- The Germans executed the naval offensive in Norway codenamedOperation Juno.
- Operation Alphabetended with the completion of the Allied evacuation from Norway.
- HMS Gloriouswas sunk by German battlecruiserScharnhorstandGneisenau
- Born:Nancy Sinatra,singer and actress, inJersey City, New Jersey
- Army Group Aunder the command ofGerd von Rundstedtattacked along a 100-mile front in the Aisne sector. That same day the Germans established a number of bridgeheads along the Aisne.[21]
- The7th Panzer Divisionunder the command ofErwin Rommelpushed theFrench 10th Army Corpsand the British51st Highland Divisionback to the sea atSaint-Valery-en-Caux.[1]
- The French government fledParis.[1]
- The Soviet Union and Japan signed an agreement ending their dispute over the borders ofManchukuo.[22]
- Lawson Littlewon theU.S. Opengolf tournament.
- Norway surrendered to Germany. KingHaakon VIIand his cabinet escaped to London to form agovernment in exile.[22]
- At 6 p.m.,Benito Mussoliniappeared on the balcony of thePalazzo Veneziato announce that in six hours, Italy would be in a state of war with France and Britain. After a speech explaining his motives for the decision, he concluded: "People of Italy: take up your weapons and show your tenacity, your courage and your valor."[23]The Italians had no battle plans of any kind prepared.[6]
- Anti-Italian riots broke out in major cities across the United Kingdom after Italy's declaration of war. Bricks, stones and bottles were thrown through the windows of Italian-owned shops, and 100 arrests were made inEdinburghalone.[24]
- Canadadeclared war on Italy.[12]
- Italy broke off relations withPoland.[12]
- Belgium broke off relations with Italy.[12]
- TheItalian invasion of Francebegan. Fighting would be mostly limited to skirmishing for the first ten days since both sides along the Franco-Italian border were deployed in defensive positions at the beginning of hostilities.
- 7th Panzer Division reached Dalles nearDieppe.[25]
- While making acommencement speechat theMemorial Gymnasiumof theUniversity of Virginia,PresidentRooseveltdenounced Mussolini: "On this tenth day of June, 1940, the hand that held the dagger has plunged it into the back of its neighbor." The president also said that military victories for the "gods of force and hate" were a threat to all democracies in the western world and that America could no longer pretend to be a "lone island in a world of force."[26]
- Operation Cycle,the evacuation of Allied troops fromLe Havre,began.
- Born:Daniel J. Sullivan,theatre and film director and playwright, inWray, Colorado
- Died:Marcus Garvey,52, Jamaican publisher and black nationalist leader;Norman McLeod Rogers,45, Canadian Defence Minister (plane crash)
- Rommel's 7th Panzer Division reachedLe Havre,then turned back to trap 46,000 British and French soldiers atSaint-Valery-en-Caux.[1]
- TheRAFbombed theEl Ademairfield inItalian Libya.The Italians responded a few hours later by bombingMalta.[6]
- TheSiege of Maltabegan.
- Italy severed relations with Norway.[12]
- Australia,New ZealandandSouth Africadeclared war on Italy.[12]
- The French government moved toTours.[12]
- TheAnglo-French Supreme War Councilmet at a chateau inBriarewhich GeneralMaxime Weygandwas using as a military headquarters. Weygand wanted Churchill to send the entireRoyal Air Forceto France, but Churchill disagreed, saying that if the Germans would divert their air power to the skies over Britain, the French Army would get a chance to regroup. Churchill expressed determination to fight on until all of France's territory was recovered, no matter how much of it fell to the Germans in the interim, and suggested that the French could resort toguerrilla warfareif the time came when traditional military operations were no longer possible. The French were not receptive to this proposal, alarmed at the prospect ofParisbeing reduced to ruins while the general outcome of the war remained unchanged. Churchill brought up the question of what the French Navy would do if the Army suspended fighting, but Paul Reynaud ended the meeting by stating that the French were as determined to continue fighting as the British were.[27]
- Late in the day,Kleist's forces crossed theMarneatChâteau-Thierry.[28]
- The RAF conducted an overnight raid onTurinandGenoa.Bombs intended for theFiatheadquarters and manufacturing plant in Turin missed their targets and killed 14 civilians near the city center, an event the Italians publicized as an act of terrorism.[29]
- German submarineU-124was commissioned.
- Born:Gunnar Harding,poet, inSundsvall,Sweden
- Died:Alfred S. Alschuler,63 or 64, American architect
- After a last stand, the outflanked51st Highland Divisionand French9th Army Corpssurrendered to Rommel atSaint-Valery-en-Caux.[18][30]
- BR.20sof theRegia Aeronauticabombed the southern French cities ofToulon,HyèresandSaint-Raphaël,as well as the Corsican communes ofCalviandBastiaand the Tunisian city ofBizerte.Not much damage was done, however, as French anti-aircraft fire kept the warplanes from attacking effectively.[citation needed]
- TheAnglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pactwas concluded inBangkok.
- Egyptbroke off relations with Italy.[12]
- Turkeybroke off commercial relations with Italy.[12]
- GeneralWeyganddeclaredParisanopen city.[1]
- Panzer Group Kleist capturedSaint-DizierandTroyes.[31]
- Operation Cyclewas completed.
- TheAnglo-French Supreme War Councilmet for the final time, atTours.Churchill encouraged the French to continue the fight from North Africa, but Reynauld sought British consent to seek an armistice with Germany instead, which Churchill refused to grant.[1]
- Born:Bobbie Clarke,rock drummer, inCoventry,England (d. 2014);M. M. Rahmat Ullah,bureaucrat and politician, inRajshahi,British India(present-dayBangladesh) (d. 2014)
- Died:George Fitzmaurice,55, French-born film director and producer
- The Germans entered Paris unopposed.[1]The city was eerily silent since 2 million Parisians had already fled and all shops and businesses were closed.[32][33][34]
- The 3rd Squadron of the French Navy bombardedGenoa.9 civilians were killed but damage was otherwise light.[35]
- Francoist Spaintook advantage of the German invasion of France by occupying theinternational zoneatTangier.[22]
- The first inmates ofAuschwitzandTheresienstadt concentration camparrived.
- TheSoviet ultimatum to Lithuaniawas delivered. TheOccupation of the Baltic statesbegan.
- The Finnish-owned civilianJunkers Ju 52passenger and transport planeKalevawas shot down by two Soviet bombers while en route fromTallinntoHelsinki,killing all 9 on board. Finland did not protest the incident to the Soviets due to fear of a hostile response.
- The drama filmThe Mortal StormstarringMargaret SullavanandJames Stewartwas released.
- Born:Ben Davidson,NFL and AFL defensive end, inLos Angeles,California (d. 2012)
- Died:Henry W. Antheil Jr.,27, American diplomat (killed in the shooting down of theKaleva)
- The French fortress atVerdun,which famously never surrendered inWorld War I,capitulated to the Germans.[22]
- The Allied evacuation of military personnel and civilians from France codenamedOperation Aerialbegan.
- German submarineU-137was commissioned.
- Harry Danningof theNew York Giantshit for the cycleduring an 11–1 win over thePittsburgh Pirates,including aninside-the-park home run.[36]
- Died:Hermann Ritter von Speck,51, German general (killed in action);Ernst Weiss,57, Austrian writer of Jewish descent (suicide)
- Philippe Pétainbecame Prime Minister of France afterPaul Reynaudresigned. Only one hour after becoming the head of government, Pétain asked his Foreign MinisterPaul Baudouinto pass a note to the Spanish ambassador asking Spain to request "the conditions Chancellor Hitler would require to put a halt to military operations and sign an armistice."[23]
- A dozenBreda Ba.88sof the Regia Aeronautica raidedCorsica,but three were shot down by ground fire.[citation needed]
- The Italian submarineProvanawas forced to the surface and sunk by the French sloopLa Curieuse.[6]
- U.S. Congress authorized the sale of munitions to any republic in the Americas.[22]
- Born:Carole Ann Ford,actress, in Britain;Neil Goldschmidt,businessman and 33rd Governor of Oregon, inEugene, Oregon(d. 2024);Taylor Wang,Chinese-born American astronaut, inJiangxi
- At 3:00 a.m., Pétain's request to open peace negotiations reached Hitler's headquarters nearSedan.Hitler's aides were unsure whether to wake Hitler up, but his valet eventually did so and gave him the cable. Hitler was not surprised and had been expecting such a message for several days.[23]
- At 12:30 p.m. Pétain took to the radio to deliver his first message to the nation: "It is with a heavy heart that I say to you that fighting must cease."[37][38]However, fighting went on in some sectors.
- Forces under the command ofHeinz Guderianreached the Franco-Swiss border atPontarlier.[6]
- The Germans bombed a railway complex atRennesthat was crowded with both military personnel and refugees trying to escape the fighting. A munitions train exploded during the attack and a total of 800 people were killed.[39]
- The troopship RMSLancastriawas sunk by German air attack off the port ofSaint-NazaireduringOperation Aerialwith over 4,000 fatalities. It is the greatest loss of life in the sinking of any British ship in history. Churchill ordered that news of the sinking be kept secret from the British public.[6]
- Soviet troops occupy Latvia and Estonia.[40]
- At 9:00 p.m. Benito Mussolini,Count Cianoand other functionaries boarded a train to go toMunichat Hitler's invitation.[23]
- Born:George Akerlof,economist and Nobel laureate, inNew Haven, Connecticut;Alan Murray,golfer, inSydney,Australia(d. 2019)
- Died:Arthur Harden,74, British biochemist and Nobel laureate
- Hitler and Mussolini met in Munich to discuss the French armistice request. Mussolini hoped to present Hitler with a list of spoils that Italy wanted to get from the French, but was embarrassed when Hitler displayed no interest in discussing the matter at the time. Hitler also politely but firmly denied Mussolini's request to sit at the same table to sign the armistice with the French, leaving the Italians to seek out a separate one.[23]
- Churchill made his Battle of Britain speech to the British House of Commons: "...theBattle of Franceis over. TheBattle of Britainis about to begin... if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say,This was their finest hour."He repeated the speech onBBCradio in the evening.
- TheMinistry of Information (United Kingdom)issued more than 14 million copies of an advisory leafletIf the Invader Comes,[41][42]written byKenneth ClarkwithHarold Nicolson.[43]
- The Germans capturedLe Mans,Belfort,MetzandDijon.[1]
- TheBattle of Saumurbegan.
- Erwin Rommel's7th Panzer DivisionenteredCherbourgat 4:30 p.m. but found that most of the Allied personnel had already evacuated.[1]Half an hour later Rommel visited the Port Admiral's office and accepted the city's surrender.[44]
- TheBattle of Zaoyang–Yichangended in Japanese victory.
- Appeal of 18 June:TheBBCbroadcast a speech byCharles de Gaulle."Must we abandon all hope?," de Gaulle asked the French people. "Is our defeat final and irremediable? To those questions I answer - No! Speaking in full knowledge of the facts, I ask you to believe me when I say that the cause of France is not lost. The very factors that brought about our defeat may one day lead us to victory... I, General de Gaulle, now in London, call on all French officers and men who are at present on British soil, or may be in the future, with or without their arms; I call on all engineers and skilled workmen from the armaments factories who are at present on British soil, or may be in the future, to get in touch with me. Whatever happens, the flame of French resistance must not and shall not die."[45]
- The Germans capturedLorient,but not in time to stop all the seaworthy ships in its port from being scuttled.[44]
- The 5th Panzer Division capturedBrestat 7 p.m.[46]
- Charles de Gaulle broadcast again over the BBC. "Faced by the bewilderment of my countrymen, by the disintegration of a government in thrall to the enemy, by the fact that the institutions of my country are incapable, at the moment, of functioning, I, General de Gaulle, a French soldier and military leader, realise that I now speak for France," he said. "In the name of France, I make the following solemn declaration: It is the bounden duty of all Frenchmen who still bear arms to continue the struggle. For them to lay down their arms, to evacuate any position of military importance, or agree to hand over any part of French territory, however small, to enemy control, would be a crime against our country. For the moment I refer particularly to French North Africa - to the integrity of French North Africa."[45]
- The BritishJockey Clubannounced that there would be no morehorse racinguntil further notice.[47]
- President Roosevelt firedHarry Hines WoodringasSecretary of Warfor refusing a direct order to transfer a dozenB-17sto Britain. Woodring was offered the governorship ofPuerto Ricoas consolation, but he refused.[48][49]
- Born:Paul Shane,comedian and actor, inThrybergh,West Riding of Yorkshire,England (d. 2013);Ian Smith,actor, inMelbourne,Australia
- Died:Maurice Jaubert,40, French composer (died of wounds sustained in combat)
- Determined to mount a token ground offensive before an armistice could be signed, Mussolini ordered an immediate attack against the French in the Alps.[50]
- The Germans capturedLyons.[1]
- Luftwaffe bombs fell on Dibden Parish Church in Hampshire. It was not fully restored until 1959
- TheBattle of Saumurended in German victory.
- The firstAustralianandNew Zealandtroops arrived in the United Kingdom.[7]
- President Roosevelt namedHenry L. Stimsonthe newSecretary of WarandFrank Knoxthe newSecretary of the Navy.[22]
- Born:John Mahoney,English-born American actor, inBlackpool(d. 2018)
- Died:Charley Chase,46, American comedian, actor, screenwriter and film director
- TheItalian invasion of Francebegan with an offensive in the Alps at 5:30 a.m. amid a freak snowstorm. 32 Italian divisions under the overall command ofCrown Prince Umbertoattacked 3 French divisions commanded byRené Olry,but failed to make much progress.[50]
- At about 3:15 p.m., peace negotiations between France and Germany began at theGlade of the Armisticein theForest of Compiègne,using thesame rail carriagethat theArmistice of 11 November 1918was signed in.Adolf Hitlerpersonally attended the negotiations at first, but left early as a show of disrespect to the French.[1]A point of contention was the size of the zone that the Germans were to occupy, so the war dragged on for another day.[46]
- Richard NixonandPat Nixonin Married, husband and wife
- Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlonebecame the 16thGovernor General of Canada.
- Canada passed theNational Resources Mobilization Act.
- Born:Mariette Hartley,actress, inWeston, Connecticut
- Died:Smedley Butler,58, U.S. Marine Corps major general;Janusz Kusociński,33, Polish athlete (executed in thePalmiry massacre);Mieczysław Niedziałkowski,Polish politician and writer (executed in the Palmiry massacre);Maciej Rataj,56, Polish politician and writer (executed in the Palmiry massacre);Tomasz Stankiewicz,37, Polish track cyclist (executed in the Palmiry massacre);Édouard Vuillard,71, French painter and filmmaker
- TheArmistice of 22 June 1940was signed at 6:36 p.m. AGerman occupation zonewas established in the north and west of France withthe remainderleft "free" to be governed by the French.
- The Germans enteredLa Rochelle,but not before all the seaport's naval facilities were blown up.[44]
- The Italian offensive reached the eastern approaches ofMentonbut was unable to advance any further.[citation needed]
- De Gaulle made a third broadcast over the BBC. "Honour, common sense, and the interests of the country require that all free Frenchmen, wherever they be, should continue the fight as best they may," he declared. "It is therefore necessary to group the largest possible French force wherever this can be done. Everything which can be collected by way of French military elements and potentialities for armaments production must be organised wherever such elements exist. I, General de Gaulle, am undertaking this national task here in England. I call upon all French servicemen of the land, sea, and air forces; I call upon French engineers and skilled armaments workers who are on British soil, or have the means of getting here, to come and join me."[45]
- Born:
- Abbas Kiarostami,filmmaker, inTehran,Iran(d. 2016)
- Esther Rantzen,journalist and television presenter, inBerkhamsted,England
- Died:Walter Hasenclever,49, German Expressionist poet and playwright (suicide);Monty Noble,67, Australian cricketer
- Adolf Hitler flew to Paris and visited sites including theEiffel Tower,theArc de TriompheandNapoleon's tomb atLes Invalides.[51]
- Peace talks commenced between the French and Italian delegations at the Villa Incisa near Rome. The French were prepared to walk out if the Italian demands were too harsh, but they were surprised at the leniency of the terms.[52]
- Born:Adam Faith,singer and actor, inActon, London,England (d. 2003);Derry Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg,lawyer, judge and Lord Chancellor, inInverness,Scotland;Wilma Rudolph,track and field sprinter, inSaint Bethlehem, Tennessee(d. 1994);Stuart Sutcliffe,original bassist forThe Beatles,inEdinburgh,Scotland (d. 1962)
- Died:Hermann-Paul,75, French artist
- TheFranco-Italian Armisticewas signed at 7:15 p.m. A very small zone of Italian occupation was established consisting of 832 km2that included the port town ofMenton.
- The1940 Republican National Conventionopened inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.[53]
- The British beganOperation Collar,the first British commando raid of the war, on the northern French department ofPas-de-Calais.
- Operation Fish:British Royal Navy cruiserHMSEmeraldsailed fromGreenock(Scotland) in convoy forHalifax, Nova Scotia(arrived July 1), carrying a large part of thegold reserves of the United Kingdomandsecuritiesfor safe keeping inCanada.[54]
- The Franco-Italian Armistice came into effect at 12:35 a.m.
- Hitler addressed the German nation, praising theWehrmachtfor its victory and ordering that all flags be displayed for 10 days and that church bells be rung for a week.[55]
- Operation Aerialended, although it would go on unofficially until August 14.
- Operation Collarended in minor British success.
- German troops were issued English phrase books in preparation for an invasion of Britain.[7]
- Born:A. J. Quinnell,thriller novelist, inNuneaton,Warwickshire,England (d. 2005)
- The Soviet Union demanded thatRomaniacedeBessarabiaand northernBukovina.[22]
- German forces completed the occupation of France by reaching the Spanish border.[1]
- Britain announced a generalblockadeof the European coastline from theBay of Biscayto theNorth CapeofNorway.[56]
- German submarineU-138was commissioned.
- Born:Anil Karanjai,artist, inEast Bengal(d. 2001)
- At 1:02 a.m. theRepublican PartynominatedWendell WillkieofIndianaas its candidate for President of the United States.[57]Adark horsecandidate with a background in business, Willkie had never held public office before but won the nomination because he was seen as a moderate whose views were the closest match to those of the electorate.[58]
- Charles L. McNaryofOregonreceived the nomination for vice president at the Republican convention.[59]
- Willkie made his acceptance speech before the Republican convention, declaring, "I stand before you without a single pledge or promise or understanding of any kind except for the advancement of your cause and the preservation of American democracy."[60]
- TheSoviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovinabegan.
- The Germans bombed the harbours ofSaint Helierand La Roque on the island ofJerseyandSaint Peter PortHarbour onGuernsey,killing a total of 42 people.[61]
- President Roosevelt signed theSmith Actinto law.
- Born:Muhammad Yunus,social entrepreneur, banker, economist and Nobel laureate, inChittagong,British India (present-day Bangladesh)
- Died:Italo Balbo,44, Italian aviator and Fascist leader (plane shot down by friendly fire)
- British authorities arrestedDiana Mitford,wife of fascist leaderOswald Mosley.The police had already arrested her husband underDefence Regulation 18Ba month earlier, but they waited to arrest her as well since she had just given birth to their sonMax.[62]
- TheSmith Actwas enacted in the United States, setting criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government and requiring all non-citizen adult residents to be registered.
- Born:Vyacheslav Artyomov,composer, in the Soviet Union
- Died:Paul Klee,60, Swiss-German painter
- The Germansoccupied the Channel Islandsunopposed.
- The British ocean linerAvelona Starwas torpedoed and damaged by German submarineU-43.The survivors were rescued and theAvelona Starsank the next day.[63]
- CD EspañoldefeatedMadrid CF3-2 in theCopa del Generalísimo Final.
- The comic stripBrenda Starr, Reporterfirst appeared.
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