Kappiya
| Translations of Kappiya | |
|---|---|
| English | lay attendant |
| Pali | kappiyakāraka |
| Burmese | ကပ္ပိယ (MLCTS:kaʔpḭya̰) |
| Thai | ลูกศิษย์วัด / เด็กวัด (RTGS:luuk sit wat / dek wat) |
| Glossary of Buddhism | |
Kappiyais a Buddhist laymanciple(attendant or steward) who resides in a monastery (vihāra) and assists Buddhist monks (bhikkhuin Pali).
Names
[edit]The termkappiya,which literally means "lawful" or "proper,"[1]is ofPaliorigin, and is also employed in theBurmese language(Burmese:ကပ္ပိယ). The compound wordkappiyakāraka(lit. 'one who makes it befitting') is also used in Pali.[2]In Thailand, the termsluuk sit wat(ลูกศิษย์วัด) anddek wat(เด็กวัด), commonly rendered into English as "temple boy", are typically used. In Cambodia, the termkhmeng voat(ក្មេងវត្ត) is used.[3]
Roles
[edit]Thekappiya's primary role is to assist ordained Buddhist monks with various tasks, especially those which are forbidden by theVinaya,the set of Buddhist monastic rules (e.g., handling of money).[4][5]Akappiyais not ordained, unlike bhikkhu,bhikkhunī,sāmaṇeraor sāmaṇerī.Kappiyamay also assist in other capacities, including carrying alms bowls during morning alms collection, and preparing food for monks.
Regional differences
[edit]Myanmar (Burma)
[edit]In Myanmar (Burma),kappiyaare generally young men or boys who live in the monastery they support.[6]Some female renunciants calledkappiyathilashinalso serve as lay attendants to monastic institutions (kyaung), providing support to ordained monks as managers and treasurers, entrusted with the ongoing upkeep of monasteries.[7][8]
Thailand
[edit]In Thailand,kappiyaare typically young boys (typically between the ages of 10 and 15)[9]who are affiliated with temples (wat) and provide cleaning services, run errands and collect gifts in exchange for food, lodging, instruction, and other benefits.[10]Some are sent to become temple boys to acquiremerit;others, because they are given free room and board; and others to receivereligiousandmoralinstruction. Some temple boys go on to be ordained as monks themselves. Temple boys may undertake the formal step ofsāmaṇeraordination as part of their role, depending on their age and local custom. Historically speaking, serving as a temple boy has provided a means for social mobility; notable figures including politicians (Chuan LeekpaiandWatana Muangsook) and actors (e.g.,Rangsiroj Panpeng) spent their formative years in this role.[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Buddhadatta, A. P. (1992-01-01).Concise Pali-English Dictionary.French & European Publications, Incorporated.ISBN978-0-7859-7473-4.
- ^wisdomlib.org (2014-08-03)."Kappiyakaraka, Kappiyakāraka, Kappiya-karaka: 2 definitions".wisdomlib.org.Retrieved2020-05-17.
- ^Headley, Robert Kirk (1997).Cambodian-English Dictionary.
- ^Bhikkhu Ariyesako."Bhikkhu Rules".BuddhaSasana.Retrieved2020-05-17.
- ^"Other points of the monastic discipline".Dhammadana.Retrieved2020-05-17.
- ^Scott, Sir James George (1910).The Burman: His Life and Notions.Macmillan and Company, limited.
- ^Skidmore, Monique (2005).Burma At The Turn Of The Twenty-first Century.University of Hawaii Press.ISBN978-0-8248-2857-8.
- ^Kawanami, Hiroko (2013-02-01).Renunciation and Empowerment of Buddhist Nuns in Myanmar-Burma: Building a Community of Female Faithful.BRILL.ISBN978-90-04-23440-6.
- ^Young, John E. De (1966).Village Life in Modern Thailand.University of California Press.
- ^abFry, Gerald W.; Nieminen, Gayla S.; Smith, Harold E. (2013-08-08).Historical Dictionary of Thailand.Scarecrow Press.ISBN978-0-8108-7525-8.
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