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Keighley

Coordinates:53°52′01″N1°54′40″W/ 53.867°N 1.911°W/53.867; -1.911
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For other uses, seeKeighley (disambiguation).

Keighley
Clockwise from top: View over Keighley,Dalton Mills,Markazi Jamia Mosque, North street,Town Hall
Keighley is located in West Yorkshire
Keighley
Keighley
Location withinWest Yorkshire
Population57,345 (2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSE058412
Civil parish
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Areas of the town
List
Post townKEIGHLEY
Postcode districtBD20, BD21, BD22
Dialling code01535
01274
PoliceWest Yorkshire
FireWest Yorkshire
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
53°52′01″N1°54′40″W/ 53.867°N 1.911°W/53.867; -1.911

Keighley(/ˈkiːθli/ⓘKEETH-lee[3][4]) is a market town and acivil parish[5] in theCity of BradfordBorough ofWest Yorkshire,England. It is the second largest settlement in the borough, afterBradford.

Keighley is 8 miles (13 kilometres) north-west ofBradford,4 mi (6.5 km) north-west ofBingley,11 mi (18 km) north ofHalifaxand 8 mi (13 km) south-east ofSkipton.It is governed by Keighley Town Council andBradford City Council.Keighley is located inWest Yorkshire,close to the borders ofNorth YorkshireandLancashire.Historicallyin theWest Riding of Yorkshire,it lies betweenAiredaleand Keighley Moors. At the 2011 census, Keighley had a population of 56,348.[6]

History[edit]

Toponymy[edit]

The name Keighley, which has gone through many changes of spelling throughout its history, means "Cyhha's farm or clearing",[7]and was mentioned in theDomesday Bookof 1086: "In Cichhelai, Ulchel, and Thole, and Ravensuar, and William had six carucates to be taxed."

Town charter[edit]

Henry de Keighley, aLancashireknight,was granted a charter to hold a market in Keighley on 17 October 1305 byKing Edward I.[8]Thepoll taxrecords of 1379 show that the population of Keighley, in thewapentakeofStaincliffein theWest Riding of Yorkshire,was 109 people (47 couples and 15 single people).[9]

1700s and 1800s[edit]

From 1753, the Union stage coach departed on theKeighley and Kendal Turnpikefrom what was the Devonshire Arms coaching inn on the corner of Church Street and High Street. Rebuilt about 1789, this public house has a classical style pedimented doorcase with engaged Tuscan columns in the high fashion of that age. The original route towardsSkiptonwas Spring Gardens Lane – Hollins Lane – Hollins Bank Lane.[10]Keighley was to become anintersectionwith otherturnpikes,including the Two-Laws to Keighley branch of the Toller Lane – Blue Bell turnpike (1755) fromBradfordtoColne,the Bradford to Keighley turnpike (1814), and the Keighley—Halifaxturnpike.

The 1842LeedsDirectory description of Keighley reads, "Its parish had no dependent townships though it is about six miles [10 km] long and four miles [6 km] broad, and comprises 10,160 acres [4,110 ha] of land (including a peaty moor of about 2,000 acres or 800 ha) and a population which amounted, in the year 1801, to 5,745."

Christopher Ingham[edit]

Utley Cemetery contains the grave of Christopher Ingham, a veteran of the conflict againstNapoleon.He was a member of theDuke of Wellington's elite 95th Rifle Regiment and fought in ten battles against the French inSpain,FranceandBelgium,including theSpanish Peninsula Warand theBattle of Waterloo,for which he was awarded several medals, including the Peninsula Medal. He died in 1866. Some local historians believe Mr Ingham's heroism may have inspired the authorBernard Cornwell's saga about MajorRichard Sharpe.[11]The TV series episodeSharpe's Justice,which focuses on the roots of the title character, is set in and around Keighley.

Hindenburg parcel[edit]

On 22 May 1936, theZeppelinHindenburgcrossed Yorkshire in a diversion of her normal route between the United States and Germany.[12]As the airship passed over the town, a parcel was dropped and landed in the High Street, where two boys, Jack Gerrard and Alfred Butler, picked it up. The parcel contained a bunch of carnations, a small silver and jet crucifix, some postage stamps, a picture postcard and some Hindenburg notepaper.[13]

The note was written byJohn P Schulte,who called himself the first flying priest. The note requested that the carnations and crucifix be placed on the grave of his brother, Lieutenant Franz Schulte, who had died ofSpanish flu,during the deadlyinfluenzapandemic of 1918, as aPrisoner of Warat Raikeswood Prisoner of War Camp, Skipton, originally built as a training camp for the Bradford Pals, in 1915. Schulte was, at that time, buried at Morton Cemetery, two miles (three kilometres) east of Keighley (though the letter stated that he was buried at Skipton, which was incorrect).[14]

To the finder of this letter. Please deposit these flowers and the cross on the grave of my dear brother, Lieutenant Franz Schulte, I. Garde Regt zu Fuss. Prisoner of War in Skipton Cemetery in Keighley near Leeds. Many thanks for your kindness, John P Schulte, the first flying priest. N.B. Please accept the stamps and picture as a small souvenir from me. God bless you![15]

— Hindenburg note, 22 May 1936

The carnations were placed on the grave and the two boys kept the postage stamps and the postcard. The crucifix was placed in St Anne's Church to avoid it being stolen.[15]

Governance[edit]

Constituency[edit]

Keighley is represented in theHouse of CommonsbyConservativeMember of Parliament(MP)Robbie Moore,who won the seat by defeating his predecessorJohn Groganat the2019 general election.Grogan had a majority of just 249 over the previous incumbent, ConservativeKris Hopkins.[16]

In 2015, Hopkins won the seat at the2015 general election– securing a second term. Hopkins increased the Conservatives vote share in the area from 41.9%[17]in 2010 to 44.3%[18]in 2015. The Conservatives won the seat in 2010, taking over fromAnn Cryer,who had been in office since 1997.

Keighley was contested by theBritish National Party(BNP) in theMay 2005 general election,when the party's leaderNick Griffinstood for Parliament. He was defeated by Ann Cryer, one of a small number ofLabourMPs with an increased majority. In March 2006, the town's mayoress, Rose Thompson, announced she had joined the BNP and was immediately dismissed by the mayor Tony Wright.[19]

Parish[edit]

Keighley Town Hall

The town was incorporated as amunicipal boroughon 28 July 1882 under the provisions of theMunicipal Corporations Act 1882in theWest Riding of Yorkshire.In 1938, the boundaries of the borough and civil parish of Keighley were expanded to include the former urban districts and civil parishes ofHaworth,OakworthandOxenhope,along with the parish ofMortonfrom the abolished Keighley Rural District and a small part of theBingleyurban district.

On 1 April 1974, Keighley borough became part of theCity of Bradford Metropolitan Districtin accordance with theLocal Government Act 1972in the newly formed county ofWest Yorkshire.The merger caused a lot of bitterness among Keighley people, who resented being 'taken over' by Bradford and accused the city's council of neglecting the town.[20]Civil parish status was restored to Keighley in 2002,[21]providing it with its owntown council.[22]

The council's 30 members elect a mayor from amongst their number once a year. The parish boundaries are based on but not identical to the pre-1938 borough boundaries. In June 2006, the leader ofBradford District Council,Conservative Councillor Kris Hopkins, was quoted in theCraven Herald & Pioneeras suggesting it might be a good idea for Keighley to become an independent authority once again.[23]The town has a local history society,Keighley and District Local History Society,and a family history society, Keighley and District Family History Society.[24]

Arms[edit]

Coat of arms of Keighley
Notes
Originally granted February 1883 to Keighley Borough Council[25]
Crest
On a wreath of the colours in front of a dragon's head erased Gules entwined by a serpent Or a fountain Proper.
Escutcheon
Argent on a fess Sable between three stags' heads caboshed a Fountain proper all within a Bordure embattled Azure.
Motto
By Worth

Geography[edit]

  • Victorian era terraced buildings on Cavendish Street
    Victorian era terraced buildings on Cavendish Street
  • A ground-level view of the Victorian commercial quarter
    A ground-level view of the Victorian commercial quarter
  • North Street
    North Street
  • Keighley railway station
    Keighley railway station

Keighley lies at theconfluenceof the riversWorthandAireinAiredale,in theSouth Pennines.It benefits from anelectrified railwayservice with connections toLeeds,Bradford,Shipley,Bingley,Skipton,CarlisleandMorecambe.

Thepost townof Keighley's northern boundary is withBradleyand its southern limit is the edge ofOxenhope.To the west, the town advances up the hill to the suburb of Black Hill, and in the east it terminates at the residential neighbourhoods ofLong Leeand Thwaites Brow. The outlying north-eastern suburb ofRiddlesdenis sometimes incorrectly referred to as a separate village but is part of the town.

Past Black Hill and via Braithwaite Edge Road lies Braithwaite village, which leads toLaycock,which was also mentioned in theDomesday Book.Laycock is a conservation area which overlooks the hamlet of Goose Eye.

TheRiver Airepasses through north-eastern Keighley, dividing the neighbourhood of Stockbridge and running roughly parallel to theLeeds and Liverpool Canal.The Worth links up with the Aire in Stockbridge and runs south-westerly, dividing eastern Keighley from central and western districts of the town. The Worth is lined with abandoned, semi-derelict industrial sites and tracts of waste ground dating from the period when Keighley thrived as a major textile centre.

Parts of Keighley are prone to flooding, and the town was particularly badly hit by floods in 2000.[26][27]Since then, millions have been spent on strengthening flood defences.

Other outlying villages around the town areOakworth,Cross Roads,Haworth,StanburyandOxenhope.The two main settlements to the north areSilsdenandSteeton.Although these villages are often referred to as separate places, they are part of the wider Keighley area. These areas add a total of 22,669 people to the Keighley area, taking the population of the wider Keighley area up to 74,098 (2001 Census).

To the north-east isRombalds Moor,which contains many signs ofStone AgeandBronze Ageoccupation, includingcup and ring marks;[28]as it drops back down intoWharfedaleand the town ofIlkley,approximately five miles away, it becomes the more famousIlkley Moor.

Demography[edit]

Censuspopulation of the ancient parish/civil parish of Keighley
Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891
Population 5,745 6,864 9,223 11,176 13,413 18,259 18,819 24,704 30,395 36,176
Source:Vision of Britain – Keighley AP/CP: Total Population.[29]
Census population of the municipal borough of Keighley
Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 † 1951 1961 1971 2011
Population 41,564 43,487 41,921 40,441 56,631 56,944 55,845 55,325 56,348
Source:Vision of Britain – Keighley MB: Total Population.[30]

†The 1939 population is estimated from theNational Registration Actfigures.[31]The 1941 census did not take place because of theSecond World War.

Economy[edit]

Hattersley Domestic Loom built byGeo. Hattersley,Keighley on display atQueen Street MillTextile Museum, Burnley

The town's industries have typically been intextiles,particularlywoolandcottonprocessing. In addition to the manufacture of textiles, there were several large factories making textile machinery. These includedDean, Smith & Grace,George Hattersley & Son,and Prince, Smith & Stell. The first of these operated as a manufacturer of CNC machine tools, particularly precisionlathes,until 2008.

Keighley is home toTimothy Taylor Brewery,the makers ofCAMRA,Champion Beer of Britainaward-winning ales Landlord and Boltmaker (previously known as 'Best Bitter'). They also brew Ram Tam, Golden Best, Dark Mild, Knowle Spring and a new French style blonde ale, Le Champion, which was first brewed for the Tour de France in 2014 and has been brewed for the Tour de Yorkshire in 2015 and 2016.[32]They also own many pubs in the area, including the Albert Hotel, Boltmakers Arms, Lord Rodney, Royal Oak and The Fleece Inn in Haworth.

Community and culture[edit]

Much of the town centre has been pedestrianised. Keighley has four large supermarkets, Morrisons, Sainsbury's, Aldi and Asda. There are several budget supermarkets situated in small retail parks around the town.

Airedale Centre

The Airedale shopping centre is a large indoorshopping precinctwhich houses most of the town's high street retail chains. The Airedale Shopping Centre housed the 12-foot-tall (3.7 m) statue of the giant Rombald holding a boulder above his head. It was moved to a different part of the centre when a glass ceiling was added to the whole complex. A public consultation favoured placing the statue on the Beechcliffe roundabout on the A650 road approaching Keighley from the east.[33]According to local legend, the giant Rombald threw a giant rock at his enemies (or in some versions of the tale his wife) killing them. The rock is the "calf" of "cow and calf" rock fame, which can be seen today at the top of Rombald's Moor onIlkley Moor.

Keighley has one cinema,The Picture Houseon North Street. It opened in 1913, making it one of the oldest in Britain. A brief closure in the mid-1990s prevented it from being listed as one of the oldest in continuous operation – a record that goes to theCurzon Cinema,which opened inClevedon,Somerset,in 1911. It was restored from its derelict condition in 1996 by Northern Morris Associated Cinemas and operates to this day.[34]

Keighley has a popular local music scene. There have been various venues where local bands play. Most notable was the now-defunct CJ's bar (also known as Chrome, VW's, Cheese and Trumpet) that played host to many popular touring bands. Examples of local bands arethe Sailmakers,the Undecided,Foxes Faux,Random Hand,the Get Guns, Eyesore Angels and Dead Message, who recently parted ways after 9 years. The British rock bandsSkeletal FamilyandTerrorvisionwere also originally formed in Keighley.

Media[edit]

Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC YorkshireandITV Yorkshire.Television signals are received from the local TV transmitter.[35]Keighley's local radio stations areBBC Radio Leedson 102.7 FM,Heart Yorkshireon 107.6 FM,Capital Yorkshireon 105.6 FM,Pulse 1on 97.5 FM,Greatest Hits Radio West Yorkshireon 96.3 FM, and Rombalds Radio, a community based radio station that broadcast online.[36]Local newspapers are theKeighley NewsandTelegraph & Argus.[37][38]

Town twinning[edit]

Keighley Hall in Poix-du-Nord

Keighley has the unique record of having the first recordedtown twinningagreement in the world, having entered into an agreement withPoix-du-Nord,Francein 1920.[39][40]This actually followed an even earliersister cityarrangement with two communes on the outskirts ofParis,France –SuresnesandPuteaux– starting in 1905.[39][41]

Landmarks[edit]

Architecture[edit]

Further information:Listed buildings in Keighley
Keighley War Memorial
Former Mechanics' Institute on Lord Street

Like many other British towns and cities, Keighley was extensively remodelled in the 1960s and lost many historic buildings. However, the town managed to retain some of its heritage and has manyVictorianbuildings. The localmillstone gritgives many of the buildings a distinctive look.

East Riddlesden Hall,Cliffe Castle Museumand Whinburn Mansion are finecountry houses.There are large townhouses alongSkiptonRoad, which contrast with the rows of smaller terraces in the streets behind them, although many of these larger buildings have since been converted into flats and bedsits.

The town's central library was the firstCarnegie libraryin England, opened in 1904 with a grant of £10,000 fromAndrew Carnegie.[43]The library has undergone refurbishment, which was completed in 2007. Many of the town's former mill buildings are still intact.

The town centre contains modern buildings, such as Leeds City College, and examples of Victorian commercial architecture, including the long terrace of Cavendish Street with its 220-yard (⅛ mile/afurlong) ornamental canopy. There is a bus station which opened in 2002 near the Airedale Shopping Centre.[44][45]There are severaltower blocksin Parkwood Rise, Holycroft andIngrowand a centralmulti-storey car park.

Amongst the modern houses in Laycock, two miles (three kilometres) outside Keighley town centre, is a 17th-century, three-storeymanor house(which is said to be the former wing of a much bigger property), converted barns and 18th-century cottages.

Attractions[edit]

On the outskirts of town is Cliffe Hall, also known as Cliffe Castle, nowKeighley Museum.[46]

Locomotive on the Keighley & Worth Valley Railway

TheKeighley and Worth Valley railwayis aheritage steam railway,which links the town with Haworth, Oakworth, Oxenhope and the Bronte Country. Keighley is the location of theKeighley and Worth Valley Railway,aheritage railwaythat passes throughHaworth(part of theBrontë Country,home ofAnne,CharlotteandEmily Brontë) and terminates atOxenhope.At Ingrow is theMuseum of Rail Travel.

Top Withensand theBrontë Waterfallare within walking distance ofStanbury,a mile and a half from Haworth.East Riddlesden Hallis in Riddlesden. Keighley Police Museum is in the Keighley Civic Centre opposite the Town Square. The old police station has many pieces of police memorabilia, including a Victorian horse-drawn Black Mariah.

Education[edit]

Local high schools areCarlton KeighleyinUtley,[47]Beckfoot Oakbank,[48]Parkside SchoolinCullingworth[49]and theHoly Family Catholic School.[50]

Keighley College buildings in 2010

Keighley College,formerly the local campus ofLeeds City College,itself formerly known as Park Lane College, is situated nearKeighley railway stationon Bradford Road.[51]In 2010, the college opened this new £30 million campus, moving away from the former site on Cavendish Street, which was in need of repair and has since been demolished. The college includes an Industrial Centre of Excellence and a nationally acclaimed Star Centre facility,[52]designed to encourage more young people to studySTEMsubjects (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). This features a mockmission control centre,aplanetarium,a simulated rockyplanetsurface and many otherspace-related items.

Religion[edit]

Central Hall, an old Methodist chapel converted to a community resource centre by infrastructure support group KIVCA[53]
Keighley Shared Church, the parish church of Keighley

Keighley has aparish church,Keighley Shared Church,[54]and is home to manyChristiandenominations. It has churches and places of worship forAnglicans,Methodists,United Reformed,Mormons,Quakers,Salvation ArmyandJehovah's Witnesses.Keighley has a significantRoman Catholic,minority re-established following the repeal of the penal laws. The Catholic population was boosted in the mid-19th century with the arrival of Irish immigrants escaping the 1840sGreat Famine,who came to work in the textile and weaving industries. Keighley has two Roman Catholic churches (St Anne's – 1840 and St Joseph's – 1934) and fourRoman Catholicschools (St Anne's – 1857, St Joseph's – 1922, Our Lady of Victories – 1960 and Holy Family – 1964).

The firstspiritualistchurch in Britain was founded at Keighley in 1853 by David Richmond,[55]who, although not originally from the town, stayed for many years and helped to establish the movement throughout the country. Spiritualism was at its height during Victorian times and Keighley Spiritualist church remains open.

The mosque on Bradford Street

Muslimsmake up the second-largest religious group in the town. According to the 2011 census, there were more than 12,400 Muslims in Keighley in March of that year. Most had started coming to Britain in the 1960s from theMirpurregion ofAzad Kashmir,inPakistan,and theSylhetregion ofBangladesh.As of 2013, there were eight mosques in Keighley, including the purpose-built Markazi Jamia Masjid ('Central Community Mosque') in Emily Street and the purpose-built Jamia Masjid Ghosiyah (Ghosiyah Community Mosque – named after the saintAbdul Qadir Jilani), on Skipton Road. The rest are buildings which have been converted into Mosques, with the oldest being the Shahjalal Jami Masjid and Jamiah Quraniah (ShahJalal Community Mosque and Quran Teaching School – named after the saintShah Jalal), on Temple Row, which was previously theWesleyanMethodist Church, 1845–46.

There is aBuddhistcentre on Lawkholme Crescent, in the town centre. The KeighleyKadampa Buddhist Centreis used by lay and ordained Buddhist practitioners and also runs day and evening classes for newcomers to the faith.

Sport[edit]

Keighley Cougarsare a semi-professionalrugby leagueteam based at Royd Ings Avenue. The ground's historical name isLawkholme Lanebut has been known asCougar Parksince 1992. Keighley RUFCrugby unionteam are based at Rose Cottage,Utley,and play in the amateurYorkshire Second Division.

Keighley Central F.C., was afootballclub that won theYorkshire Football LeagueDivision 3 title in 1964.[56]

On 6 July 2014, Stage 2 of the 2014Tour de FrancefromYorktoSheffield,passed through the town. It was also the location of the stage's intermediate sprint after 42.6 miles (68.6 km). The 20 points for the Points jersey was claimed byBlel Kadriof AG2R La Mondiale.[57]

Filmography[edit]

Film[edit]

Keighley was the setting for the filmBlow Dry,starringJosh Hartnett,Alan RickmanandBill Nighy.Blow Dryopens with the announcement that the small town of Keighley will host the year 2000 British Hair Championships. Keighley's mayor (Warren Clarke) is thrilled about the news, but when he announces it to the town's press, they all yawn disapprovingly. The film, although set in Keighley, was shot in several locations.[58]

Most of the 2004 filmYasminwas shot in Keighley. Written bySimon Beaufoyand mostly filmed in Lawkholme, it tells the story of a British Muslim woman who has her life disrupted by the impact of theSeptember 11 attackson America. Beaufoy said the film was originally set inOldham,but "worked its way across the Pennines".[59]

TheKeighley and Worth Valley Railway(KWVR), running steam trains from Keighley toHaworthandOxenhope,has been used in several films, includingThe Railway Children,Yanks,the film of thePink FloydmusicalThe Walland an episode of the long-running situation comedy,The Last of the Summer Wine.[60]A Touch of Frost,starringDavid Jason,was also filmed at the railway line close toIngrow West.[61]

The 1950s set British feature filmBetween Two Women(2000) was filmed extensively in and around Keighley and its mills, in particular around the railway and close to the main town railway station.[62]The same director's next film,The Jealous God,(2005) also featuredKeighley railway stationand nearby streets.[63]

The filmGod's Own Countryabout the young life of a sheep farmer was filmed inLaycockand also at Keighley bus station[64]

Television[edit]

The 2004 documentary Edge of the City, about theCity of BradfordSocial Services, and the people and problems they deal with, was partly filmed in Keighley, and concerned sexual abuse of underagewhitegirls by someAsianmen.[65]

A great part of the 2004BBC television dramaNorth and Southwas shot on Keighley, withDalton Millsbeing one of the serial's main locations.[66]

Notable people[edit]

See also:Category:People from Keighley

The following people were born in Keighley, have lived there in the past or are currently resident in the town.

Freedom of the Town[edit]

The following people and military units have received theFreedom of the Townof Keighley.

Individuals[edit]

Military Units[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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