Kerch
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Kerch
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City | |
![]() The Obelisk of Glory on Mount Mithridates | |
Coordinates:45°21′43″N36°28′16″E/ 45.36194°N 36.47111°E | |
Country | Disputed: |
Autonomous republic | Crimea(de jure) |
Raion | Kerch Raion(de jure) |
Federal subject | Crimea(de facto) |
Municipality | Kerch Municipality(de facto) |
Area | |
• Total | 108 km2(42 sq mi) |
Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
Population (2017) | |
• Total | 149,566 |
• Density | 1,464.49/km2(3,793.0/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+3 |
Postal code | 298300 – 298399 |
Area code | +7-36561 |
Former name(s) | Panticapaeum, Bosporus, Vosporo, Korchev, Cerchio |
Sister cities | Mogilev,Smolensk,Çanakkale,Oryol,Odintsovo,Sochi |
Climate | Cfa |
Website | горсовет-керчь.рф(de facto) |
Kerch,[a]also known asKeriçorKerich(Crimean Tatar:Keriç,Керич), is a city of regional significance[citation needed]on theKerch Peninsulain the east ofCrimea.It has a population of147,033 (2014 Census).[1]
Founded 2,600 years ago as theancient Greek colonyPantikapaion,Kerch is one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site ofa major battleduring World War II.
Today, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the area's most important industrial, transport and tourist centres. As with the rest of Crimea, it has been occupied by Russian forces since theRussian annexation of Crimeain 2014.
History
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Kerch_Pantikapaeum.jpg/220px-Kerch_Pantikapaeum.jpg)
Ancient times
Archeological digs at Mayak village near the city ascertained that the area had already been inhabited in the 17th–15th centuries BC. While many finds from Kerch can be found in theHermitage Museumin St Petersburg and the local museum, a large number of antique sculptures, reliefs, bronze and glassware, ceramics and jewellery were excavated in 1855–1856 during theCrimean Warby Duncan MacPherson, a surgeon from the British Army, and later donated to theBritish Museumin London.[2][3][4]
Kerch as a city starts its history in the 7th century BC, whenGreek colonistsfromMiletusfounded a city-state namedPanticapaeum[5]onMount Mithridatnear the mouth of the Melek-Chesme river. Panticapaeum subdued nearby cities and by 480 BC became the capital of theKingdom of Bosporus.Later, during the rule ofMithradates VI Eupator,Panticapaeum for a short period of time became the capital of the much more powerful and extensiveKingdom of Pontus. The city was located at the intersection of trade routes between thesteppeandEurope.This caused it to grow rapidly. The city's main exports were grain and salted fish; wine-making was also common. Panticapaeum minted its own coins. According to extant documents the Melek-Chesme river (small and shallow nowadays) was navigable in Bosporan times, and seagalleyswere able to enter the river. A large portion of the city's population was ethnicallyScythian,laterSarmatian,as the large royal barrow (Kurgan) atKul-Obatestifies.
In the 1st century AD Panticapaeum and the Kingdom of Bosporus suffered fromOstrogothraids; then the city was devastated by theHunsin AD 375.
Myrmekionwas founded in the eastern part of the Kerch, 4 km NE of ancientPanticapaeum.The settlement was founded byIoniansin the first half of the 6th c. BC.[6]
Middle Ages
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Yenikale_fortress_in_Kerch.jpg/220px-Yenikale_fortress_in_Kerch.jpg)
From the 6th century the city was under the control of theByzantine Empire.By order of EmperorJustinian I,a citadel named Bospor was built there. Bospor was the centre of abishopric,thediocese of Bosporusand developed under the influence of GreekChristianity.In 576, it withstood a siege by theGöktürksunder Bokhan, aided by Anagai, the lastkhan(ruler) of theUturgurs(tribe ofHuns).
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg/220px-Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg)
In the 7th century, theTurkicKhazarstook control of Bospor, and the city was namedKarchafrom Turkic "karşı" meaning 'opposite, facing.' The main local government official during Khazar times was thetudun. During Khazar rule, Kerch was used as a major port for theKhazar slave trade,through which slaves were exported to theBlack Sea slave trade.[7]
Christianity was a major religion in Kerch during the period of Khazar rule. Kerch's Church ofSt. John the Baptistwas founded in 717; thus, it is the oldest church in Ukraine.[8]The Church of the Apostles existed during the late 8th and early 9th centuries, according to theLife of the Apostle AndrewbyEpiphanius of Salamis.
Following the fall of Khazaria toKievan Rus'in the late 10th century, Kerch became the centre of a Khazarsuccessor-state.Its ruler,Georgius Tzul,was deposed by aByzantine-Rusexpedition in 1016.
From the 10th century, the city was aSlavicsettlement named Korchev, which belonged to theTmutarakanprincipality. Kerch was a center of trade between Russia',Crimea,Caucasusand theOrient.
In the 13th century, Crimea including Korchev was invaded byMongols.After the Mongols, the city became theGenoesecolony of Cerco (Cherkio) in 1318 and served as a sea harbour, where townspeople worked at salt works and fishery.
In 1475, the city was passed to theOttoman Empire.During the Turkish rule Kerch fell into decay and served as aslave-market.[9]It repeatedly suffered from raids ofZaporizhian Cossacks.
18th–20th centuries
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kerch_aivazovsky.jpg/220px-Kerch_aivazovsky.jpg)
In response to the strengthening ofRussianmilitary forces inAzovarea, the Turks built a fortress, namedYenikale,near Kerch on the shore ofKerch Strait.The fortress was completed by 1706. In 1771 theImperial Russian ArmyinvadedCrimeaand approached Yenikale. The Turks decided to abandon the fortress, though reinforcements from the Ottoman Empire had arrived a few days earlier. By the PeaceTreaty of Kuchuk-Kainarjiin 1774, Kerch and Yenikale were ceded to Russia. As a result, the Turkish heritage has been almost completely wiped out.
In 1790 Russian naval forces under the command of admiralFyodor Ushakovdefeated the Turkish fleet at theBattle of Kerch Strait.[10]
Because of its location, from 1821 Kerch developed into an important trade and fishing port. The state museum of ancient times and a number of educational institutions were opened in the city. The ironwork factory was built in 1846 based on a hugeiron oredeposit found on Kerch Peninsula.
During theCrimean Warthe city was devastated byBritishforces in 1855.
In the late 19th century, mechanical andcementfactories were built, and tinned food andtobaccofactories were established. By 1900, Kerch was connected to a railroad system, and the fairway of Kerch Strait was deepened and widened. At this time, the population had reached 33,000.
After suffering a decline during theFirst World Warand theRussian Civil War,the city resumed its growth in the late 1920s, with the expansion of various industries, iron ore, and metallurgy in particular, and by 1939 its population had reached 104,500.
Kerch in World War II
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C._%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82..jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C._%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82..jpg)
On theEastern Front of World War IIfrom 1941 to 1945, Kerch was the site of heavy fighting betweenRed ArmyandAxisforces. After fierce fighting, the city was taken by theGermansin November 1941. On 31 December 1941, the302nd Mountain Rifle Divisionrecaptured the city following a naval landing operation at Kamysh Burun, to the south of the city, five days earlier.[11]In 1942 the Germans occupied the city again. The Red Army lost over 160,000 men, either killed or takenPOWat theBattle of the Kerch Peninsula.On 31 October 1943 another Soviet naval landing operation was launched. Kerch returned to Soviet control on 11 April 1944.
The German invaders killed about 15,000 citizens and deported another 14,000 during their occupation. Evidence of German atrocities in Kerch was presented in theNuremberg trials.After the war, the city was awarded the titleHero City.
TheAdzhimushkaycatacombsin the city's suburbs were the site ofguerrilla warfareagainst the occupation. Thousands of soldiers and refugees found shelter inside and were involved in counterattacks. Many of them died underground, including those who died of numerous alleged poison gas attacks. Later, a memorial was established on the site.
Kerch in the Soviet Union
![]() | This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(October 2023) |
Kerch in Independent Ukraine
![]() | This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(October 2023) |
On 11 November 2007, a powerful storm passed through the city, causing much damage and an ecological disaster as a few ships, including an oil tanker, were shipwrecked and blocked theKerch Strait.
Russian occupation
![]() | This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2023) |
As with the other parts of Crimea, as of 2023[update]Kerch is occupied by Russian forces following theRussian occupation of Crimeain 2014.
On 17 October 2018,a student killed 20 people and himselfatKerch Polytechnic College.
Geography
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kerch_ViewFromMithridates.jpg/220px-Kerch_ViewFromMithridates.jpg)
Climate
Kerch has ahumid subtropical climate(Köppen climate classificationCfa)[12]with cool to cold winters and warm to hot summers.
Climate data for Kerch (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
30.9 (87.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
7.9 (46.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.7 (−10.7) |
−23.1 (−9.6) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−23.7 (−10.7) |
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
29 (1.1) |
33 (1.3) |
29 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
53 (2.1) |
33 (1.3) |
41 (1.6) |
35 (1.4) |
31 (1.2) |
39 (1.5) |
37 (1.5) |
429 (16.9) |
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
Average rainy days | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 111 |
Average snowy days | 8 | 8 | 5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2 | 7 | 30 |
Averagerelative humidity(%) | 86 | 83 | 79 | 75 | 74 | 70 | 66 | 65 | 71 | 78 | 83 | 85 | 76 |
Mean monthlysunshine hours | 64.5 | 96.9 | 142.7 | 207.2 | 282.3 | 307.7 | 349.0 | 322.3 | 246.7 | 172.5 | 92.9 | 59.9 | 2,344.6 |
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[13] | |||||||||||||
Source 2:World Meteorological Organization[14] |
Administration
The city municipality stretches over a substantial area and includes several separate neighborhoods that are part of the Kerch city: Eltigen (Heroyevskoe), Kamysh-Burun (Arshyntsevo),Port Krym,Adzhimushkai, andTuzla Island.
Economy
Today Kerch is home to manymetallurgists,shipbuilders, and fishermen. It also has a significant tourism sector.
Industry
The largest enterprises in the city are:
- Kerch Metallurgical Works Factory launched in 1900[15]
- Kamysh-Burun Iron Ore Plant
- "Zaliv" ( "Gulf" ) shipbuilding factory that produces and repairs tankers and cargo ships.
Construction-materials, food processing, and light industries play a significant role in the city's economy. Kerch is also a fishing fleet base and an important processing centre for numerous fish products.
- Kerch Aircraft Repair Plant KeARZ
- KMZ KMK Metallurgical Plant, Kerch east
- Oil and Gas extraction industry petrochemical and storage
- Zaliv Shipyard,(Kamysh Burun Zheleznogoroda)
- Kvartz Quartz Glass Factory Plant KSZ (Glass (various) and optics, optical materials and instruments) (Kerch)
- PSZ Albatros, PSZ KMPZ Vityaz Priladobudivni (Instruments and Instruments making, Machinery, Engineering)
- Kamysh Burun Iron Metallurgy Plant
- KMZ KMTP SV Fregat floating docks yard and ship repair yard
- KSRZ uvas-trans floating docks yards and ship repair (also lesser Kerch ship repair yards around)
Tourism
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Grand_Mithridates_stairs_2021-05-09.jpg/220px-Grand_Mithridates_stairs_2021-05-09.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg)
Because of its location on the shores of theAzovandBlackseas, Kerch became a popular summer resort among people of the formerUSSR.Also, several mud-cure sources are located near the city. Despite the seaside location, the tourist appeal of Kerch today is limited because of the industrial character of the city and associated pollution. Despite the lack of beaches in the town's area, there are a lot of them at a distance of 20 minutes' travel by bus, train or taxi.
Kerch has a number of impressive architectural and historical monuments. Ancient historical heritage of the city makes it attractive for scientific tourism. The most notable of Kerch's sights are:
- Site of ancient settlement Pantikapaeum (5th century BC–3rd century AD).
- Tsarskiy Kurghan(4th century BC) – burial mound for one of the Bosporian kings
- Church ofSt. John the Baptist(AD 717)
- Fortress of Yenikale(18th century)
- The Great Mithridates Staircase leading on top of theMount Mithridat,contains 428 footsteps, built in 1833–1840 under the guidance ofItalianarchitectAlexander Digbi
- Obelisk of Glory on theMount Mithridat,built after World War II
- Lapidarium
- Memorial of heroicguerilla warfare in Adzhimushkay mines
- Kerch Fortress;restricted area in Soviet times but free to enter in present days. The fortress was built by the Russian military architectTotlebenin the middle of 19th century.
- Sites of ancient settlements Mirmecium, Tiritaka and Nimphei. There are also some settlements which have gone underwater due to earthquakes.
- So calledDemetra's Crypt, a crypt with numerous frescos dated 1st century BC.
Transport
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kerch_Housing.jpg/220px-Kerch_Housing.jpg)
Kerch has a harbour on the Kerch Strait, which makes it a key to theSea of Azov.It has several railroad terminals and a small airport. TheKerch Strait ferry lineacross theKerch Straitwas established in 1953, connecting Crimea and theKrasnodar Krai(Port Krym–Port Kavkazline); (as of November 2009) there are also plans for a Kerch-Potiferry route.[16] Tavrida Highway work in progress along Kerch railway (two rails) highway (four lanes) bridge to connect Rostov Krasnodar with peninsula.
There are several ports in Kerch, including Kerch Maritime Trading Port, Kerch Maritime Fishing Port,Port Krym(ferry crossing), Kamysh-Burun Port.
The railroad terminals include: Kerch, Kerch I, Kerch Factory, Arshyntsevo, and Krym.
A bus network connects Kerch to other cities in Crimea andKrasnodar Krai.
City transport
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kerch-tram-opendates.png/220px-Kerch-tram-opendates.png)
Kerch had a tram system that was established in 1935 and destroyed in 1941.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kerch-trolleybus-opendates.png/220px-Kerch-trolleybus-opendates.png)
A trolleybus system was established in 2004, and has one line.
Crimean Bridge
On 25 April 2010, Ukrainian PresidentViktor Yanukovychand Russian PresidentDmitry Medvedevsigned an agreement to build a bridge across the Kerch Strait. In January 2015, with Russia now in control, the contract for the construction of the bridge was awarded toArkady Rotenberg'sS.G.M. Group.In May 2015 construction commenced, and the road section of the bridge was opened to traffic in May 2018. The rail section was opened in 2019, with Russian PresidentVladimir Putintaking the first train across on 23 December.[17]It washeavily damaged by an explosionon 8 October 2022.
Culture
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/2015._%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8_042.jpg/220px-2015._%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8_042.jpg)
Festivals and celebrations
- Liberation Day (11 April)
- Day of Fishermen (the second Sunday of July)
- Day of the City (the second Saturday of September)
Education
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C.%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C.%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg)
Kerch hosts (2004):
- 28 schools,
- 9 institutes and branches of Ukrainian and Russian universities,
- shipbuilding and polytechnical colleges,
- medical school,
- 6PTUschools,
- a number of pre-school child institutions
Archaeology
Archaeological digs in Kerch were launched under Russian auspices in the middle of the 19th century. Since then the site of ancientPanticapaeumcity onMount Mithridathas been systematically excavated. Located nearby are several ancient burial mounds (kurgans) and excavated cities. Kerch takes part inUNESCO's "Silk Road"programme.
Treasures and historical findings of Kerch adorn theLapidariumin Kerch and the collections of major museums around the world. Such as: theHermitage,the Louvre, the British Museum, the Berlin Museum, the Moscow State Museum of fine arts and many others.
Currently, excavations at ancient fortresses of Kerch are led by scientists from Russia, Ukraine, and Poland.
Twin towns – sister cities
City | Country | Year |
---|---|---|
Mogilev | ![]() |
1998 |
Smolensk | ![]() |
1998 |
Çanakkale | ![]() |
1999 |
Oryol | ![]() |
2004 |
Odintsovo | ![]() |
2004 |
Sochi | ![]() |
2005 |
Kyiv | ![]() |
1997 |
Tula, Russia | ![]() |
2014 |
Notable people
- Luke of Simferopol,(1877–1961), akaSaint Luke the Blessed Surgeon,surgeon and bishop
- Pyotr Voykov(1888–1927), a Ukrainian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet diplomat, assassinated in Warsaw
- Yuri Terapiano(1892–1980), a Russian poet, writer, translator and literary critic
- Jia Ruskaja(1902–1970), a Russian dancer and choreographer
- Paul Soskin(1905–1975), Russian born, British screenwriter and film producer.
- Boris Khodorov(1922–2014), physiologist and professor of physiology
- Alime Abdenanova(1924—1944), a Crimean Tatar scout in the Red Army during WWII.
- Volodia Dubinin(1928–1942), aPioneerHero of the Soviet Union
- Vasily Filippenko(1936–1968), known asThe Leningrad Strangler,a Soviet serial killer
- Anatoliy Kokush(born 1951), a Ukrainian film engineer, businessman and inventor.
- Yuri Adzhem(born 1953), a Russian former football coach and player with over 330 club caps
- Sergey Dorenko(1959–2019), Russian TV and radio journalist, hosted a news commentary program, 1999–2000.
- Mikhail Reva(born 1960), a Ukrainian artist, sculptor, architect and jewelry craftsman
- Ihor Leonov(born 1967), a Ukrainian former football midfielder with 492 club caps and manager.
- Masha Efrosinina(born 1979), a Ukrainian TV host and media personality.
- Ulyana Nesheva(born 1983), a Ukrainian contemporary painter and tattoo artist
- Valeriya Strakhova(born 1995), a Ukrainian tennis player
Honours
Aminor planet2216 Kerchdiscovered in 1971 bySovietastronomerTamara Mikhailovna Smirnovais named after the city.[18]
Gallery
![]() |
![]() | |||
Fortress Kerch | Interior of theChurch of Saint John the Baptist | Royal barrow(Royal Kurgan) entrance. |
See also
- Bosporan Kingdom
- Kerch (fortress)
- Kerch Polytechnic College massacre
- Kerch Strait
- Mount Mithridat
- Panticapaeum
- Tuzla Island
- Yeni-Kale
Footnotes
- ^Ukrainian:Керч,[ˈkɛrt͡ʃ] ;Russian:Керчь,pronounced[ˈkʲertɕ];Old East Slavic:Кърчевъ;Ancient Greek:Παντικάπαιον,Pantikápaion;Medieval Greek:Βόσπορος,Bosporos;Turkish:Kerç
References
- ^Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2014)."Таблица 1.3. Численность населения Крымского федерального округа, городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений"[Table 1.3. Population of Crimean Federal District, Its Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, Urban and Rural Settlements].Федеральное статистическое наблюдение «Перепись населения в Крымском федеральном округе». ( "Population Census in Crimean Federal District" Federal Statistical Examination)(in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.Retrieved4 January2016.
- ^"British Museum Collection".
- ^"British Museum Collection".
- ^"Antiquities of Kertch, and Researches in the Cimmerian Bosphorus, with Remarks on the ethnological and physical History of the Crimea by Duncan MacPherson ( 1857 )".
- ^SeeTalk:Kerch#Meaning of Greek name?for discussion about the Greek name Panticapaeum.
- ^Butyagin, Alexander (29 July 2008)."Myrmekion".Foundation of the Hellenic World.Retrieved29 October2018.
- ^The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium. (2007). Nederländerna: Brill. p. 233
- ^Cohen, Saul Bernard (2008).The Columbia Gazetteer of the World: A to G.p. 1876.
- ^Inalcik, Halil (1979)."Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire".In Ascher, Abraham;Király, Béla K.;Halasi-Kun, Tibor (eds.).The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern.Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn College Press. pp. 25–43. Archived fromthe originalon 4 May 2017.
- ^"Black Sea Fleet (BSF) Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force)".GlobalSecurity.org.Retrieved29 October2018.
- ^Forczyk, Robert (2014).Where the Iron Crosses Grow.Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 103, 110.
- ^Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006)."World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated"(PDF).Meteorol. Z.15(3): 259–263.Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K.doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.Retrieved11 December2012.
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- ^"Yushchenko says Ukraine to try quickly implement Kerch-Poti ferry route project".Interfax-Ukraine. 19 November 2009 – viaKyiv Post.
- ^Putin takes first train across Crimea bridge,AFP,23 December 2019.
- ^Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003).Dictionary of Minor Planet Names(5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 180.ISBN3-540-00238-3.
External links
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
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- Моя Керчьmulti portal My Kerch: news, photo gallery, announcements, etc.
- Керчь – это городinteractive map of Kerch
- Керчь – это мой городunofficial website of Kerch: information, news, photos, forum etc.(in Russian)
- Webcams
- Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch;Bealby, John Thomas (1911). .Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 15 (11th ed.). p. 754.
- Photos of KerchArchived4 March 2016 at theWayback MachinefromPanoramio
- Map of Kerch's Center(by "Kartografia", 2004)
- Infos and photos of Kerch in travelguide around Ukraine
- The murder of the Jews of KerchduringWorld War II,atYad Vashemwebsite.
- Kerch
- Cities in Crimea
- Kerch Peninsula
- Port cities and towns in Ukraine
- Seaside resorts in Ukraine
- Taurida Governorate
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- Populated coastal places in Russia
- Khazar towns
- Territories of the Republic of Genoa
- Port cities of the Black Sea
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- Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
- Holocaust locations in Ukraine
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