Jump to content

Kettering

Coordinates:52°23′35″N0°43′23″W/ 52.39312°N 0.72292°W/52.39312; -0.72292
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the town in England. For the city in Ohio, seeKettering, Ohio.For other uses, seeKettering (disambiguation).

Kettering
Clockwise from top left:St Peter and St Paul's Church,Bust ofSir Alfred East,KetteringCenotaph,Town Centre and Mural
Kettering is located in Northamptonshire
Kettering
Kettering
Location withinNorthamptonshire
Population56,676 (Parish, 2021)
63,150 (Built up area, 2021)[1]
OS grid referenceSP8778
•London67 miles (108 km)
Civil parish
  • Kettering Town
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Areas of the town
List
Post townKETTERING
Postcode districtNN14, NN15, NN16
Dialling code01536
PoliceNorthamptonshire
FireNorthamptonshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament
Websitewww.ketteringtowncouncil.gov.uk
List of places
UK
England
Northamptonshire
52°23′35″N0°43′23″W/ 52.39312°N 0.72292°W/52.39312; -0.72292

Ketteringis amarketandindustrialtown as well as acivil parishin theNorth Northamptonshiredistrict, in the ceremonial county ofNorthamptonshire,England. It is 45 miles (72 km) west ofCambridge,31 miles (50 km) southwest ofPeterborough,28 miles (45 km) southeast ofLeicesterand 15 miles (24 km) north-east ofNorthampton.It is west of theRiver Ise,a tributary of theRiver Nene.The name means "the place (or territory) of Ketter's people (or kinsfolk)".[2]

At the 2021 census Kettering had a population of 63,150.[1]It is part of theEast Midlands,along with the rest ofNorthamptonshire.[3]There is a growing commuter population as it is on theMidland Main Linerailway, withEast Midlands Railwayservices direct toLondon St Pancras Internationaltaking about an hour.

Early history

[edit]

Kettering means "the place (or territory) of Ketter's people (or kinsfolk)".[2]Spelt variously Cytringan, Kyteringas and Keteiringan in the 10th century, although the origin of the name appears to have baffled place-name scholars in the 1930s, words and place-names ending with "-ing" usually derive from theAnglo-SaxonorOld Englishsuffix-ingaor-ingas,meaning "the people of the" or "tribe".

Before the Romans, the area, like much of Northamptonshire'sprehistoriccountryside, appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from thePalaeolithic,MesolithicandNeolithicperiods.[4]About 500 BC theIron Agewas introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of theHallstatt culture,[5]and over the next century a series ofhillfortswere constructed, the closest to Kettering being at nearbyIrthlingborough.

Roman

[edit]

Like most of what later became Northamptonshire, from early in the 1st century BC the Kettering area became part of the territory of theCatuvellauni,aBelgic tribe,the Northamptonshire area forming their most northerly possession.[5]The Catuvellauni were in turn conquered by the Romans in AD 43.

The town traces its origins to an early, unwalledRomano-Britishsettlement, the remnants of which lie under the northern part of the modern town. Occupied until the 4th century, there is evidence that a substantial amount ofiron smeltingtook place on the site.[6]Along with theForest of Deanand theWealdof Kent and Sussex, this area of Northamptonshire "was one of the three great centres of iron-working in Roman Britain".[6]The settlement reached as far as theWeekleyandGeddingtonparishes. However, it is felt unlikely that the site was continuously occupied from the Romano-British into theAnglo-Saxonera.[7]Pottery kilns have also been unearthed at nearbyBarton SeagraveandBoughton.

Saxon

[edit]

Excavationsin the early 20th century either side of Stamford road (A43), near the site of the former Prime Cut factory (now the Warren public house), revealed an extensive earlySaxonburial site, consisting of at least a hundred cremation urns dating to the 5th century AD. This suggests that it may have been among the earliest Anglo-Saxon penetrations into the interior of what later became England. The prefixWic-of the nearby village ofWeekleymay also signify Anglo-Saxon activities in the area; Greenall reports that it could be "an indication offoederati,Anglo-Saxon mercenaries brought in to boost the defences of the Empire. "[6]This was established imperial policy, which the Romano-British continued after Rome withdrew from Britain around 410, with disastrous consequences for the Romano-Britons.

By the 7th century the lands that would eventually become Northamptonshire formed part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom ofMercia.[8]The Mercians converted to Christianity in 654 with the death of the pagan kingPenda.[9]From about 889 the Kettering area, along with much of Northamptonshire (and at one point almost all of England except forAthelneymarsh inSomerset), was conquered by the Danes and became part of theDanelaw,with the ancient trackway ofWatling Streetserving as the border, until being recaptured by the English under theWessexkingEdward the Elder,son ofAlfred the Great,in 917. Northamptonshire was conquered again in 940, this time by the Vikings of York, who devastated the area, only for the county to be retaken by the English in 942.[10]

It is unlikely, however, that Kettering itself existed as a village earlier than the 10th century (the county of Northampton itself is not referenced in documents before 1011).[11]Before this time the Kettering area was most likely populated by a thin scattering of family farmsteads.[6]The first historical reference of Kettering is in a charter of 956 in whichKing Edwygranted ten "cassati" of land to Ælfsige the Goldsmith. The boundaries delineated in this charter would have been recognisable to most inhabitants for the last thousand years and can still be walked today. It is possible that Ælfsige gave Kettering to themonasteryofPeterborough,asKing Edgarin a charter dated 972 confirmed it to that monastery.

Medieval

[edit]

At theDomesday surveyin 1086, Kettering manor is listed as held by the Abbey of Peterborough, the church owning 10hidesof land. Kettering was valued at £11, with land for 16 ploughs. There were 107 acres of meadow, 3 of woodland, 2 mills, 31 villans with 10 ploughs and 1 female slave.[12]

The nearby stately home ofBoughton House,sometimes described as the 'EnglishVersailles',[13]has for centuries been the seat of theDukes of Buccleuch,major landowners in Kettering and most of the surrounding villages; along with the Watsons ofRockingham Castle,the two families were joint lords of the manor of Kettering.[14]

Kettering is dominated by thecrocketedspire of about 180 feet (55 m) of theParish church of SS Peter and Paul.Little is known of the origins of the church, its first known priest becoming rector in 1219–20. The chancel is in theEarly Decoratedstyle of about 1300, the main fabric of the building being mostlyPerpendicular,having been rebuilt in the mid 15th century (its tower and spire being remarkably similar to the tower and spire of St Peter's[15]Oundle). Whether the current building replaced an earlier church on the site is unknown.[5]Two medieval wall paintings, one of two angels with feathered wings, and one of a now faded saint, can still be seen inside the church.[16]

The charter for Kettering's market was granted to theBishop of PeterboroughbyHenry IIIin 1227.[17]

17th century

[edit]

In June 1607 at the nearby village of Newton, the Newton Rebellion broke out,[18]causing a brief uprising known as theMidland Revolt,which involved several nearby villages. Protesting at land enclosures at Newton andPytchleyby local landlordsthe Treshams,on 8 June a pitched battle took place betweenLevellers– many from Kettering,Corbyand particularlyWeldon,[19]– and local gentry and their servants (local militias having refused the call to arms). Approximately 40–50 local men are said to have been killed and the ringleadershanged, drawn and quartered.The Newton rebellion represents one of the last times that the Englishpeasantryand thegentrywere in open conflict.

By the 17th century the town was a centre for woollen cloth.

Recent history (from 19th century to present day)

[edit]

The present town grew in the 19th century with the development of the boot and shoe industry, for which Northamptonshire as a whole became famous. Many large homes in both the Headlands and Rockingham Road were built for factory owners, while terraced streets provided accommodation for the workers. The industry has markedly declined since the 1970s,[20]large footwear-manufacturers such asDolcis,Freeman, Hardy and Willis,Frank Wright and Timpsons, having left the town or closed down in the face of stiff overseas competition, while others have outsourced their production to lower-cost countries. Only two smaller footwear-businesses remain.[16]

William Carey,born in 1761 atPaulerspury,spent his early life in Kettering before leaving for India as amissionaryin 1793. Carey Mission House and Carey Street were named after him.Andrew Fullerhelped Carey found theBaptist Missionary Societyand he is remembered in the Fuller Church and Fuller Street. In 1803William Knibbwas born in Market Street and became a missionary and emancipator of slaves; he is commemorated by the Knibb Centre and Knibb Street. Toller Chapel and Toller Place take their names from two ministers, father and son, who preached in Kettering for a total of 100 years. The chapel was built in 1723 for those who since 1662 had been worshipping in secret.

Politics in Kettering has not always been a sedate affair: in 1835, a horrifiedCharles Dickens,then a young reporter for theMorning Chronicle,watched aghast as aTorysupporter on horseback, intent (along with others) on taking control of by-election proceedings, produced a loaded pistol and had to be restrained by his friends from committing murder. The ensuing riot between Tory andWhigsupporters led Dickens in his article to form various opinions of Kettering and its voters, none of them complimentary.[21]

After several false starts theMidland RailwayopenedKettering railway stationin 1857, providing a welcome economic stimulus to an ailing local economy, suffering as it was from the loss of wayfaring business since the introduction of railways nationwide. The line in 1857 ran through Kettering fromLeicestertoHitchin,where it joined theGreat Northern Railway.Trains ran from there intoLondon King's Cross.The line was finally linked to London directly in 1868 when the Midland opened its own line fromBedfordtoLondon St Pancras.[22][23]

John Bartholomew's 1887Gazetteer of the British Islesdescribed Kettering as:

Kettering, market town and parish with railway station, Northamptonshire, 8 miles (13 km) N. of Wellingborough and 75 miles (121 km) from London, 2840 ac., pop. 11,095; P.O., T.O.; 3 Banks, 2 newspapers. Market-day, Friday. Kettering is an ancient place, and was called by the Saxons, "Kateringes".It is a fairly prosperous town, with tanning and currying, mfrs. of boots and shoes, stays, brushes, agricultural implements, and some articles of clothing. It has a handsome town hall, a cattle market, acorn exchangeand a grammar school. Many Roman relics have been found in the vicinity.[17]

Iron-ore quarrying began in the Kettering area, probably for the first time since Roman times, at Glendon to the north of the town in 1863. At that place the digging of a railway cutting had exposed the ore beds. Quarrying began a little north of what later became Glendon Junction on the west side of the main railway. The Glendon quarries continued in operation until 1980. The last ore was extracted a little to the east of the starting point on the west side of the A6003.[24]Other quarries opened to the east, south and west of Kettering, all opening and closing at some time between 1875 and 1969. There were also two ironworks in or near the town which used local ore. The Cransley Ironworks stood on the north side of theA43to the west of what is now the junction with theA14.It began smelting iron in 1877 and ceased production in 1959. The site later became a scrapyard. TheKettering Ironworks,on the west side of the main railway to the north of Rothwell Road, began smelting iron in 1878 and ceased production in 1959, though ore quarrying continued until 1961.[25]

In 1921Wicksteed Park,Britain's second-oldest theme park, was officially opened on the southern outskirts of the town.

From 1942 to 1945 the town witnessed a large influx of American servicemen (including on several occasionsClark Gable), mainly from theUS 8th Air ForceatRAF Grafton Underwood,3.7 miles (6.0 km) away. The airfield was soon nicknamed "Grafton Undermud" in reference to the perceived English weather of "rain, rain and more rain".[26]The first bombing raid – targeting the marshalling yards atRouenin northern France – was led by MajorPaul W. Tibbets,who in 1945 pilotedEnola Gay,theB-29Superfortressthat dropped theatomic bombonHiroshima.[27]Aircraft from Grafton Underwood dropped the 8th Air Force's first and last bombs of the Second World War.[28]

Governance

[edit]

There are two tiers of local government covering Kettering, at parish (town) and unitary authority level: Kettering Town Council andNorth Northamptonshire Council.The town council has its offices at 10 Headlands and holds its meetings at various venues.[29]North Northamptonshire Council has its main offices inCorbybut retains the formerKettering Borough Councilheadquarters at theMunicipal Officeson Bowling Green Road as an area office.[30]

Administrative history

[edit]
Corn Exchange,Market Square: Built 1853 and also served as a town hall until 1904.

Kettering was anancient parish.Until 1872 the parish was governed by itsvestry.In 1872 the parish was made alocal government district,governed by a local board.[31][32]The board subsequently held its meetings at the Town Hall, which was the main assembly room at theCorn Exchangein the Market Place, which had been built by a private company in 1853 to the designs ofEdmund Francis Law.[33]

Such local government districts were reconstituted asurban districtsin 1894.[34]In 1904 the council moved its meeting place to Stamford Road School (now the William Knibb Centre).[35]Kettering Urban District was enlarged in 1935 to take inBarton Seagrave.The urban district was elevated to become amunicipal boroughin 1938, allowing the council to appoint a mayor.[36]

Municipal Officesin Bowling Green Road

The council relocated in 1966 to the Municipal Offices in Bowling Green Road, which had previously beenKettering Grammar School,having been completed in 1913 to the designs ofJohn Alfred Gotch,in theNeoclassical style.[37][38]

The municipal borough of Kettering was abolished in 1974 to become part of a largernon-metropolitan districtcalled theBorough of Kettering,which also coveredBurton Latimer,Desborough,Rothwelland several parishes from the formerKettering Rural District.[39]Kettering itself became anunparished area.Barton Seagrave was re-established as a separate parish in 2002.[40]

The borough of Kettering was abolished in 2021 to become part of the unitary authority of North Northamptonshire, which also took over county-level functions from the abolishedNorthamptonshire County Council.[41]Concurrent with these changes, theunparished areaof Kettering became acivil parishwhich also gained some land fromCranfordand Barton Seagrave, which enabled it to establish a newtown council.The new Kettering Town Council inherited the mayoralty from the former borough council.[42][43]

Constituency

[edit]

Kettering is represented in parliament by a constituency of the same name, which is currently (as of August 2024) represented byLabourMPRosie Wrighting.

Economy

[edit]
Wicksteed Park

Kettering's economy was built on theboot and shoe industry.With the arrival of railways in the 19th century, industries such as engineering and clothing grew up. The clothing manufacturerAquascutumbuilt its first factory there in 1909. Kettering's economy is now based onserviceanddistributionindustries due to its central location and transport links.

Kettering's unemployment rate is amongst the lowest in the UK and has over 80% of its adults in full-time employment.[44]It is home to a wide range of companies includingAryzta,Weetabix,Pegasus Software,RCIEurope,TimsonsLtd and Morrisons Distribution as well asWicksteed Park,the United Kingdom's second oldest theme park, which now plays host to one and a quarter million visitors every season. It has a very large free playground area, which was built by Wicksteed Playscapes, who are based in Kettering; the company is the world's oldest-known playground producer.[45]

Kettering General Hospital[46]provides Acute and Accident & Emergency department services for north Northamptonshire includingCorbyandWellingborough.With its new £20 million campus,[47]16,000 students and 800 staff,Tresham College of Further and Higher Educationis a significant employer in the region.

The formerpolice stationand social club on London Road has been closed down and as of 2020 the site is for sale.[48]Northamptonshire Police have an enquiry desk situated within theKettering Municipal Offices.[49]

Kettering Business Park, a recent and current commercial property development undertaken by Buccleuch Property is situated on the A43/A6003, on the north side of Kettering.[50]Many office buildings are being built as part of the project as well as a leisure sector with a new hotel. Many large distribution warehouses have been constructed in the area, creating thousands of jobs for the local economy.

Kettering's Heritage Quarter houses the Manor House Museum and the Alfred East Gallery.[51]The magnificentBoughton House,QueenEleanor crossand the 1597Triangular Lodgeare local landmarks within the borough. SirThomas Treshamwas a devoutCatholicwho was imprisoned for his beliefs. When he was released he built Triangular Lodge to defy his prosecutors and secretly declare his faith.[52]

The British sitcomPeep Showhas various scenes located in Kettering owing to the head office of JLB, the company which employs lead characterMark Corrigan,being located there.

Regeneration

[edit]

In March 2007, a project was revealed to refurbish and bring new leisure and shopping to the town centre, including water features, public art, sculptures, street furniture, trees, plants and an innovative pavement lighting scheme.[53]

Education

[edit]

Primary Schools in Kettering include St Peter's School, an independent school, Park Road School, St Thomas More Catholic School, St Edward’s Catholic Primary School, St Andrew's Church of England School, Hawthorn School, Greenfields Primary, St Mary's, Millbrook Junior School and a number of others associated with Secondary Academies. A new Church of England primary school, Hayfield Cross,[54]is opening in September 2015.

Kettering has four secondary schools, each with the ability to take on pupils after the age of 16 to allow pupils to complete their A-Levels and BTEC Diplomas. The four secondary schools located in the town areBishop Stopford School,Kettering Science Academy,Kettering Buccleuch AcademyandSouthfield School for Girls.Both the Kettering Science Academy and Kettering Buccleuch Academy have become academies in recent years and both academies are joined to separate primary schools to allow for an easier transition fromKey Stage 2toKey Stage 3.

Latimer Arts Collegeis also in the area and is located in the nearby village ofBarton Seagrave.The school also has a sixth form facility, but no primary schools are specifically linked to them.

Kettering is also home to one ofTresham College of Further and Higher Education's three campuses. Tresham allows full and part-time students over the age of 16 to study a range of vocational courses such as Hairdressing and Beauty Therapy, ICT, Hospitality and Catering and Motor Vehicle Technology.[55]Tresham College also offersAccess to Higher Educationcourses and undergraduate courses in association with theUniversity of BedfordshireandUniversity of Northampton.[56]

Sport

[edit]

The multi-purpose sports and business facility at theKettering Conference Centreprovides both aleisure centre,health club,children's activity andconference centreall in one venue. It is also the home toVolleyball England's National Volleyball Centre.

Football

[edit]

Kettering Townis the town's football club, who as of the2021–22 seasonplay in theNational League North,the sixth tier of English football. Kettering Town played their home matches atRockingham Roadin the town until 2011. Following spells atNene ParkinIrthlingboroughand Steel Park inCorby,the team currently plays at Latimer Park inBurton Latimer.

Rugby

[edit]

Kettering is home toKettering Rugby Football Club(KRFC), located in Waverley Road on the eastern side of the town.[57]After a period of playing under Uppingham Public School Rules the club formally adopted RFU rules in 1875 and quickly became a significant participant in both the local community and the fast-developing Rugby scene in the East Midlands. In the early days games were played on a number of sites including farmers' fields and council-owned grounds. It was during this period, prior to adopting a home of their own, that the club developed its high profile in the town.

Other

[edit]

A short livedgreyhound racingtrack was opened on 4 July 1930 and raced on Friday evenings. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body theNational Greyhound Racing Club) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.[58]It is not known how long the track traded.[59]

Media

[edit]

Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC EastandITV Anglia.Television signals are received from theSandy HeathTV transmitter.[60]

The town’s local radio stations areBBC Radio Northamptonon 103.6 FM,Heart Easton 96.6 FM andSmooth East Midlands(formerlyConnect FM) on 107.4 FM.

Kettering is served by the following local newspapers:Northamptonshire Evening TelegraphandNorthampton Chronicle and Echo.

In theBBCsoap operaEastEnders,the characterSonia Fowlermoved to Kettering between 2016 and 2017 for a new job, whilst actressNatalie Cassidywas on maternity leave. The town has been referenced several times in the soap since.[61]

Transport

[edit]

Roads

[edit]

TheA14skirts the west and south of the town, links the town with theA45 dual carriageway,M1andM6motorways. TheA6003links Kettering toCorby.TheA43links Kettering with Corby and the county town ofNorthamptonand the A509 (Kettering/Wellingborough Road) links Kettering withWellingborough.

Buses

[edit]

In April 1986, the bus station was relocated away from the market area to the Newland Street entrance of the modern Newlands shopping centre. This caused a fatal decline in market trade, although buses were re-allocated there in April 1987 before closing again in September 1989. A smaller version of a bus station was also closed in May 1999 and so buses just served thelibraryand Newlands Shopping Centre; however, since May 2010, all buses now serve the new Horsemarket bus interchange and they no longer serve the library. New bus stops have been installed around the railway station and The Headlands.

The town is served by bus services operated byStagecoach Midlandswith the following routes:

  • Kettering 15 Stamford road – Kettering – Kettering Train Station – Highfield road- Tesco
  • Kettering 19 Kettering – Ise lodge
  • Kettering 48 Wellingborough – Irthlingborough – Finedon – Burton Latimer – Kettering
  • Kettering 50 Bedford town centre (bus station) – Rushden – Higham Ferrers – Irthlingborough – Finedon – Kettering
  • Kettering X43/43 Market Harborough – Desborough – Rothwell – Kettering
  • Kettering 19 Kettering – Rothwell – Desborough – Rushton – Corby
  • Kettering X4 Gold Peterborough – Oundle – Corby – Kettering – Wellingborough – Northampton
  • Kettering X43/43 Northampton – Moulton – Broughton – Kettering – Rothwell – Desborough – Market Harborough
  • Kettering 39 Kettering – M awsl (a ta đã chết) ey – Moulton – Northampton
  • Kettering 34 Wellingborough – Little Harrowden – Orlingbury – Pytchley – Kettering – Lake Avenue

The town is also served by a local bus service run byCentrebusNorthamptonshire, with the following routes:

  • Kettering 8 Corby – Stanion – Geddington – Weekley – Kettering
  • Kettering 16 Kettering – Cranford – Thrapston – Raunds
  • Kettering 34 Kettering – Wellingborough

Rail

[edit]
Kettering railway station

Rail services operated byEast Midlands Railwaydepart every 30 minutes fromKetteringtoLondon St Pancras,with an average journey time of 59 minutes.[62]St Pancras also provides an interchange with theEurostarservice to France and Belgium. Kettering is linked toCorby,Leicester,Nottingham,DerbyandSheffieldto the north andWellingborough,BedfordandLutonto the south.[63]With its good rail links, a large and growingcommuterpopulation takes advantage of Kettering's position on theMidland Main Linerailway.

Air

[edit]

Five large UK airports are within 2 hours' drive of the town, these beingHeathrow,Luton,East Midlands,BirminghamandStansted.Luton can be reached directly by train, while East Midlands and Stansted can be reached by one change at Leicester.Sywell Aerodrome,located 6 miles (9.7 km) south-west of Kettering, caters forprivate flying,flight trainingand corporate flights.

Notable people

[edit]
Main article:List of people from Kettering

Climate

[edit]

Kettering experiences anoceanic climate(Köppen climate classification) which is similar to most of theBritish Isles.

Climate data for Kettering, GBR
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7
(45) 		8
(46) 		11
(52) 		13
(55) 		17
(63) 		19
(66) 		22
(72) 		23
(73) 		19
(66) 		14
(57) 		10
(50) 		7
(45) 		14
(58)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2
(36) 		2
(36) 		4
(39) 		4
(39) 		7
(45) 		10
(50) 		12
(54) 		12
(54) 		10
(50) 		8
(46) 		5
(41) 		3
(37) 		7
(44)
Averageprecipitationcm (inches) 4.51
(1.78) 		3.39
(1.33) 		2.87
(1.13) 		4.39
(1.73) 		3.49
(1.37) 		4.66
(1.83) 		4.21
(1.66) 		4.69
(1.85) 		5.49
(2.16) 		5.68
(2.24) 		4.8
(1.9) 		4.98
(1.96) 		53.16
(20.94)
Source:[64]

Nearby places

[edit]

Kettering's nearest towns areDesborough,Burton LatimerandRothwell,with the larger towns ofCorbyandWellingborough.

Town twinning

[edit]

Kettering istwinnedwith:[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021".Census 2021.Office for National Statistics.Retrieved8 August2023.
  2. ^abR.L. Greenall: A History of Kettering, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 2003,ISBN1-86077-254-4.p.7.
  3. ^"Corby – fastest growing place in England and Wales".Corby Borough Council. Archived fromthe originalon 26 September 2010.Retrieved30 July2010.The statistics highlight North Northamptonshire's emergence as the biggest single growth area outside London
  4. ^R.L. Greenall: A History of Northamptonshire, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 1979,ISBN1-86077-147-5.p.19.
  5. ^abcR.L. Greenall: A History of Northamptonshire, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 1979,ISBN1-86077-147-5.p.20.
  6. ^abcdR.L. Greenall, A History of Kettering, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 2003,ISBN1-86077-254-4.P. 9.
  7. ^R.L. Greenall, A History of Kettering, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 2003,ISBN1-86077-254-4.P. 10.
  8. ^R.L. Greenall: A History of Northamptonshire, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 1979,ISBN1-86077-147-5.p.26.
  9. ^R.L. Greenall: A History of Northamptonshire, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 1979,ISBN1-86077-147-5.p.29.
  10. ^Michael Wood:The Domesday Quest, BBC Books, 1986ISBN0-563-52274-7.p. 90.
  11. ^R.L. Greenall: A History of Northamptonshire, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 1979,ISBN1-86077-147-5.p.34.
  12. ^Domesday Book: A Complete Translation, Penguin Books, 1992,ISBN0-14-100523-8.p. 596.
  13. ^Michael McNay:Hidden Treasures of England, Random House Books, 2009,ISBN1-905211-83-X.p.271.
  14. ^R.L. Greenall: A History of Kettering, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 2003,ISBN1-86077-254-4.p.4.
  15. ^"St Peters Church Oundle".oundlestpeters.org.uk.
  16. ^abR.L. Greenall, A History of Kettering, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 2003. p.21.
  17. ^abBartholomew, John (1887).Gazetteer of the British Isles.p. 427.
  18. ^R.L. Greenall: A History of Northamptonshire, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 1979,ISBN1-86077-147-5.p.41-42.
  19. ^R.L. Greenall: A History of Northamptonshire, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 1979,ISBN1-86077-147-5.p.42.
  20. ^R.L. Greenall, A History of Kettering, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 2003. p.215.
  21. ^R.L. Greenall, A History of Kettering, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 2003,ISBN1-86077-254-4.P. 106.
  22. ^R.L. Greenall, A History of Kettering, Phillimore & Co. Ltd, 2003. p.116.
  23. ^Nock, O.S (1962).The Railways of Britain.London: Batsford. pp. 50–51.
  24. ^Tonks, Eric(1992).The Ironstone Quarries of the Midlands Part 6: The Corby Area.Cheltenham: Runpast Publishing. p. 85–123.ISBN1-870-754-069.
  25. ^Quine, Dan(2016).Four East Midlands Ironstone Tramways Part Two: Kettering.Vol. 106.Garndolbenmaen:Narrow Gauge and Industrial Railway Modelling Review.
  26. ^John N. Smith, Airfield Focus 44: Grafton Underwood, GMS Enterprises, 2001,ISBN1-870384-84-9.p. 4.
  27. ^John N. Smith, Airfield Focus 44: Grafton Underwood, GMS Enterprises, 2001,ISBN1-870384-84-9.p. 3.
  28. ^John N. Smith, Airfield Focus 44: Grafton Underwood, GMS Enterprises, 2001,ISBN1-870384-84-9.p. 33.
  29. ^"Contact us".Kettering Town Council.Retrieved11 December2023.
  30. ^"Visiting the council and our addresses".North Northamptonshire Council.Retrieved11 December2023.
  31. ^"No. 23955".The London Gazette.4 March 1873. p. 1369.
  32. ^"Kettering: Local Board".Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury.Stamford. 6 September 1872. p. 4.Retrieved11 December2023.The first meeting of this board was held on the 28th ult., at the office of Mr. Preedy, Gas-street...
  33. ^Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (2002).Northamptonshire (Buildings of England Series).Yale University Press. p. 273.ISBN978-0300096323.
  34. ^Local Government Act 1894
  35. ^"Urban District Council, Wednesday".Northampton Mercury.28 October 1904. p. 7.Retrieved12 December2023.
  36. ^Youngs, Frederic (1991).Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England: Volume II.London: Royal Historical Society. p. 303.ISBN0861931270.
  37. ^"Northamptonshire Past and Present"(PDF).Northamptonshire Record Society. 2013. p. 28.
  38. ^"£120,000 transforms school to Council HQ".Evening Telegraph.Kettering. 5 April 1966. p. 8.Retrieved12 December2023.
  39. ^"The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972",legislation.gov.uk,The National Archives,SI 1972/2039,retrieved11 December2023
  40. ^"The Kettering (Parishes and Electoral Changes) (No. 2) Order 2001"(PDF).Local Government Boundary Commission for England.The National Archives.Retrieved11 December2023.
  41. ^"Northamptonshire: Unitary authorities plan approved".BBC News.14 May 2019.Retrieved18 August2020.
  42. ^"Kettering's new town council will take over the market and allotments".Northamptonshire Telegraph.Retrieved1 April2021.
  43. ^"The Kettering Borough Re-organisation of Community Governance Order 2020"(PDF).Local Government Boundary Commission for England.Retrieved26 October2020.
  44. ^Government Office of the East MidlandsArchived7 October 2011 at theWayback Machine
  45. ^"Is this the oldest swing in the world?".Wicksteed. 22 July 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 29 October 2013.
  46. ^"Kettering General Hospital: Getting here".Kettering General Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust.Retrieved30 July2010.
  47. ^"Tresham College of Further and Higher Education: Kettering".Tresham College of Further and Higher Education. Archived fromthe originalon 15 April 2010.Retrieved30 July2010.
  48. ^"Former Police Station and Social Club London Road, Kettering NN15 7QP".Fisher German.
  49. ^"Northamptonshire Police".Kettering Borough Council.
  50. ^"Kettering Business Park – Overview".Kettering Business Park. Archived fromthe originalon 12 October 2009.Retrieved30 July2010.
  51. ^"A Walk Around Kettering's Heritage Quarter"(PDF).Retrieved25 May2009.[dead link]
  52. ^Historic England."Rushton Triangular Lodge (1052038)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved6 October2010.
  53. ^"A new dawn" by Monique Cleaver inNorthants Evening Telegraph,21 March 2007[permanent dead link]
  54. ^"Government minister visits site of Kettering's newest school".northantstelegraph.co.uk.Archived fromthe originalon 9 July 2015.Retrieved1 June2015.
  55. ^"School Leavers | the Bedford College Group | Further & Higher Education".
  56. ^"Undergraduates | the Bedford College Group | Higher Education and Training".
  57. ^"Kettering Rugby Football Club: How to find us".Kettering Rugby Football Club.Retrieved30 July2010.
  58. ^Barnes, Julia (1988).Daily Mirror Greyhound Fact File, page 417.Ringpress Books.ISBN0-948955-15-5.
  59. ^"Bickington".Greyhound Racing Times. 22 March 2019.
  60. ^"Sandy Heath (Central Bedfordshire, England) Full Freeview transmitter".May 2004.
  61. ^"Baffling EastEnders storyline sends Twitter into meltdown".Daily Mirror.15 September 2016.
  62. ^"East Midlands Trains: Midland Main Line (London services) Timetable".East Midlands Trains – Stagecoach Group plc.Retrieved1 July2021.
  63. ^"East Midlands Trains: Network Map".East Midlands Trains – Stagecoach Group plc.Retrieved1 July2021.
  64. ^"Average weather for Kettering".MSN weather. Archived fromthe originalon 29 July 2010.Retrieved2 May2010.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toKettering.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forKettering.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kettering&oldid=1246818538"