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Kim Nasmyth

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Kim Nasmyth
FRSFMedSci
Kim Nasmyth in October 2017
Born
Kim Ashley Nasmyth

(1952-10-10)10 October 1952(age 71)[4]
NationalityBritish[5]
EducationEton College
Alma mater
Known forCohesin
Spouse
Anna Dowson
​
(m.1982)​
[4]
ChildrenTwo[4]
Awards
Scientific career
Fieldsmolecular biology, gene regulation, cell cycle control
Institutions
ThesisDNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe(1977)
Doctoral advisorMurdoch Mitchison[2][3]
Notable students
Websitewww.bioch.ox.ac.uk/research/nasmyth

Kim Ashley NasmythFRSFMedSci[6](born 18 October 1952)[4]is an English geneticist, theWhitley Professor of Biochemistryat theUniversity of Oxford,a Fellow ofTrinity College, Oxford,former scientific director of theResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology(IMP), and former head of theDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Oxford.[7][8]He is best known for his work on the segregation of chromosomes during cell division.

Early life and education[edit]

Nasmyth was born in London in 1952 of James Ashley (Jan) Nasmyth and Jenny Hughes.[4][9]His father Jan was doubly descended fromKing Charles IIand founder of the billion dollar publishing companyArgus Media.[9][10]He attendedEton College,Berkshire, then theUniversity of York,where he studied Biology.[4]Nasmyth went on to complete his graduate studies in the group ofMurdoch Mitchisonat theUniversity of Edinburgh.Here he worked on the cell cycle alongsidePaul Nurse[3]and his PhD thesis focused on the control of DNA replication infission yeast.[2]In Mitchison's lab he made substantial contributions to the study of the cell cycle in fission yeast isolating and characterising cell cycle mutants and the first identification of a gene product (DNA ligase) in these mutants.[11]

Career and research[edit]

Kim Nasmyth explaining loop extrusion with a climbing rope
The cohesin complex entrapping sister DNAs

Nasmyth joined Ben Hall's lab in Seattle as apostdoctoral researcherwhere he developed ways of cloning genes by complementation in yeast and, in collaboration with Steve Reed, cloned theCDC28gene from the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae.[3]

As a group leader in Cambridge Nasmyth became interested in the phenomenon ofmating-typeswitching in yeast. Together with Kelly Tatchell he cloned theS. cerevisiaemating-type locus and found, surprisingly, that 'silent' copies of the mating-type genes including their promoters are maintained in the yeast chromosome. This represented the first case where theposition of a genein the chromosome had demonstrable biological significance, and prompted Nasmyth to abandon work on the cell cycle for a time and concentrate instead on studying gene silencing.[3]He was one of the first to demonstrate that gene expression can be regulated through specific control elements which are distant from the start of transcription.[11]

Max Birnstielinvited Nasmyth to join him at the then newly foundedResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology(IMP) inVienna,Austria,where he was director. Nasmyth became one of the first three senior group leaders that Birnstiel recruited in 1986.[12]At the IMP, Nasmyth changed his focus from gene silencing back to cell cycle control. In the mid-1990s Nasmyth co-discovered theAPC/Cand showed that its activity induces chromosome segregation.[13]Using temperature-sensitive mutants of the APC/C he found several genes which are required forsister chromatid cohesion[14]which we now know encode subunits of thecohesin complex.Nasmyth has since shown that cohesin forms a ring,[15]that sister chromatids are held together within this ring[16]and that they are released by cleavage of cohesin byseparase.[17]Following Max Birnstiel's retirement, Nasmyth became scientific director of the IMP in 1997.[18]

In 2006, Nasmyth left the IMP to become head of theDepartment of Biochemistryof theUniversity of Oxford,a post he held until 2011. Nasmyth continues to head a research group at this department. He is a member of the Advisory Council for theCampaign for Science and Engineering.[19][20][21]His research has been funded by theMedical Research Council (MRC),theWellcome Trust,andCancer Research UK.[22][23][24][25]He plans to retire from research in 2022.[24]

Awards and honours[edit]

Nasmyth has also been awarded the following:

Personal life[edit]

Nasmyth married Anna Dowson, daughter of SirPhilip Dowson,in 1982[31]and has two daughters.[4]His younger brother is furniture designer,Luke Hughes.[32]He enjoys skiing and climbing,[7]a hobby to which he attributes his theory of how cohesin works.[33][34]He also co-owns a vineyard in the south of France.[35]Nasmyth held a large number of shares in his fathers billion dollar companyArgus Mediauntil its purchase by General Atlantic in 2016.[36][37]In 2014 he was appointed director of Badger Lane Management company.[5]During his time in Vienna, Nasmyth became Austriancitizen.[38]

References[edit]

Scholiahas anauthorprofile forKim Nasmyth.
  1. ^Louis-Jeantet Prize
  2. ^abNasmyth, Kim (1977).DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.hdl:1842/15490.OCLC606123690.EThOSuk.bl.ethos.659887.Free access icon
  3. ^abcdTebb, Graham (1998)."Kim Nasmyth: the universal truth".Current Biology.8(8): R257–R258.doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70165-4.PMID9550707.
  4. ^abcdefgAnon (2016)."Nasmyth, Prof. Kim Ashley".Who's Who(onlineOxford University Pressed.). A & C Black.doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.29204.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
  5. ^ab"Kim NASMYTH - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House)".beta panieshouse.gov.uk.Retrieved5 December2017.
  6. ^ab"Professor Kim Nasmyth FMedSci FRS".London:Royal Society.Archived fromthe originalon 17 November 2015.
  7. ^abAnon (2004)."Movers: Kim Nasmyth, Whitley chair of biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK".Nature.428(6980): 350.doi:10.1038/nj6980-350c.
  8. ^Schwob, E; Böhm, T; Mendenhall, M. D.; Nasmyth, K (1994). "The B-type cyclin kinase inhibitor p40SIC1 controls the G1 to S transition in S. Cerevisiae".Cell.79(2): 233–44.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90193-7.PMID7954792.S2CID34939988.
  9. ^ab"Jan Nasmyth".Daily Telegraph.15 October 2008.ISSN0307-1235.Retrieved5 December2017.
  10. ^"James Ashley (Jan) Nasmyth (1918-2008)".groups.google.Retrieved5 December2017.
  11. ^ab"DServe Archive Catalog Show".collections.royalsociety.org.Retrieved4 March2016.
  12. ^"History of the IMP".Retrieved29 November2017.
  13. ^Irniger, S.; Piatti, S.; Michaelis, C.; Nasmyth, K. (21 April 1995)."Genes involved in sister chromatid separation are needed for B-type cyclin proteolysis in budding yeast".Cell.81(2): 269–278.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90337-2.ISSN0092-8674.PMID7736579.S2CID15424287.
  14. ^Michaelis, C.; Ciosk, R.; Nasmyth, K. (3 October 1997)."Cohesins: chromosomal proteins that prevent premature separation of sister chromatids".Cell.91(1): 35–45.doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)80007-6.ISSN0092-8674.PMID9335333.S2CID18572651.
  15. ^Gruber, Stephan; Haering, Christian H.; Nasmyth, Kim (21 March 2003)."Chromosomal cohesin forms a ring".Cell.112(6): 765–777.doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00162-4.ISSN0092-8674.PMID12654244.S2CID15563936.
  16. ^Gligoris, Thomas G.; Scheinost, Johanna C.; Bürmann, Frank; Petela, Naomi; Chan, Kok-Lung; Uluocak, Pelin; Beckouët, Frédéric; Gruber, Stephan; Nasmyth, Kim (21 November 2014)."Closing the cohesin ring: structure and function of its Smc3-kleisin interface".Science.346(6212): 963–967.Bibcode:2014Sci...346..963G.doi:10.1126/science.1256917.ISSN1095-9203.PMC4300515.PMID25414305.
  17. ^Uhlmann, F.; Wernic, D.; Poupart, M. A.; Koonin, E. V.; Nasmyth, K. (27 October 2000)."Cleavage of cohesin by the CD clan protease separin triggers anaphase in yeast".Cell.103(3): 375–386.doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00130-6.ISSN0092-8674.PMID11081625.S2CID2667617.
  18. ^"IMP Management".Retrieved29 November2017.
  19. ^"Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering".Archived fromthe originalon 28 August 2010.Retrieved11 February2011.
  20. ^Tóth, A; Ciosk, R;Uhlmann, F;Galova, M; Schleiffer, A;Nasmyth, K(1999)."Yeast cohesin complex requires a conserved protein, Eco1p(Ctf7), to establish cohesion between sister chromatids during DNA replication".Genes & Development.13(3): 320–33.doi:10.1101/gad.13.3.320.PMC316435.PMID9990856.
  21. ^Nasmyth, K;Peters, J. M.;Uhlmann, F(2000). "Splitting the chromosome: Cutting the ties that bind sister chromatids".Science.288(5470). New York, N.Y.: 1379–85.Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1379N.doi:10.1126/science.288.5470.1379.PMID10827941.
  22. ^"UK Government research grants awarded to Kim Nasmyth".Swindon:Research Councils UK.Archived fromthe originalon 3 June 2015.
  23. ^"Kim Nasmyth: Cancer Research UK".15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015.Retrieved5 December2017.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  24. ^abOneltd (17 November 2015)."Trinity College – Professorial Fellow wins Wellcome Trust award".trinity.ox.ac.uk.Retrieved5 December2017.
  25. ^"Lord of the Rings – Cohesin and cancer".Cancer Research UK - Science blog.Retrieved5 December2017.
  26. ^abcdef"Keynote Lectures Detailed Information".
  27. ^de médecine 1997andTravaux de rechercheArchived30 January 2016 at theWayback Machine
  28. ^Wittgensteinpreis-Träger 1999 Univ. Prof. Dr. Kim Ashley NasmythArchived8 June 2015 at theWayback Machine
  29. ^"Professor Kim Nasmyth | the Academy of Medical Sciences".
  30. ^Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences 2018
  31. ^"CSHL Archives Repository | Invitation to the marriage of Kim Nasmyth and Anna Dowson".libgallery.cshl.edu.1982.Retrieved4 December2017.
  32. ^Walker, Aidan (2020).Furniture in Architecture.Thames & Hudson.p. 14.ISBN9780500022542.
  33. ^"These 12 People Are Changing Science".Time.Retrieved5 December2017.
  34. ^Breakthrough (3 December 2017),LIVE - Morgan Freeman hosts the Breakthrough Prize | Nat Geo Live,retrieved4 December2017
  35. ^"Le Mazelet | Le Mazelet".lemazelet.Retrieved5 December2017.
  36. ^Williams, Christopher (2016)."Family owners of Argus Media in line for £500m payout from sale".Daily Telegraph.ISSN0307-1235.Retrieved5 December2017.
  37. ^"ARGUS MEDIA LIMITED - Annual return made up to 7 June 2016 with full list of shareholders".beta panieshouse.gov.uk.Retrieved5 December2017.
  38. ^"DerStandard.at".
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