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"Queen's Day" redirects here. For other uses, seeQueen's Day (disambiguation).
For the Belgian King's Day, seeKing's Feast.

Koningsdag
People dressed in orange on thecanals of Amsterdamin 2010
Observed byKingdom of the Netherlands(Netherlands,Aruba,Curaçao,Sint Maarten)
TypeNational holiday
SignificanceBirthday ofKing Willem-Alexander
CelebrationsPartying,wearing orangecostumes,flea markets,concerts and traditional local gatherings
Date27 April (26 April if 27 April is a Sunday)
Frequencyannual

Koningsdag(Dutch pronunciation:[ˈkoːnɪŋzdɑx]ⓘ) orKing's Dayis anational holidayin theKingdom of the Netherlands.Celebrated on 27 April (26 April if the 27th is a Sunday), the date marks the birth ofKing Willem-Alexander.[1]When the Dutch monarch is female, the holiday is known asKoninginnedag(Dutch pronunciation:[ˌkoːnɪŋˈɪnədɑx]ⓘ) orQueen's Dayand, underQueen Beatrixuntil 2013, was celebrated on 30 April. She prolonged the tradition that was born under her mother’s reign: Queen Juliana’s (Queen of The Netherlands from 1948 till 1980) birthday was on April 30th.

The holiday was initially observed on 31 August 1885 asPrinsessedagor Princess's Day, the fifth birthday ofPrincess Wilhelmina,thenheir presumptiveto the Dutch throne. On her accession in November 1890 the holiday acquired the nameKoninginnedag,first celebrated on 31 August 1891. In September 1948, Wilhelmina's daughterJulianaascended to the throne and the holiday was moved to her birthday, 30 April. The holiday was celebrated on this date from 1949.

Juliana's daughter, Beatrix, retained the celebration on 30 April after she ascended the throne in 1980, because her birthday was on 31 January, the middle of winter.[2]Beatrix altered her mother's custom of receiving a floral parade atSoestdijk Palace,instead choosing to visit different Dutch towns each year and join in the festivities with her children.

In 2009, the Queen was celebrating Queen's Day in the city ofApeldoornwhen a confused man drove into a crowd of people and crashed into a monument: seven people in the crowd were killed, as was the driver.

Queen Beatrix abdicated onKoninginnedag2013, and her son, Willem-Alexander, ascended the throne (the first king since the observance of the national holiday). As a result, the holiday became known asKoningsdagfrom 2014 on, and the celebration was moved three days to 27 April, Willem-Alexander's birthday.

Koningsdagis known for its nationwidevrijmarkt('free market'), at which the Dutch sell their used items. It is also an opportunity for "orange madness" ororanjegekte,a kind of frenzy named for the national colour.

Changing of the date

[edit]

During the reign of Queen Wilhelmina, Queen's Day was celebrated on August 31st, her birthday until 1948. After Juliana's coronation, from 1949 onwards, the date was moved to her date of birth, April 30th. When Queen Beatrix ascended to the throne in 1980 she chose to not move this date in honor her mother. An additional practical consideration for her was that on her own birthday, the 31st of January the weather was not deemed suitable enough for a large-scale outdoor event, unlike the end of April. Between 1949 and 1980, because ofreligious observation,if the 30th of April was a Sunday, Queen's Day would move up by one day to May first. However, since 1980 this was turned around to instead take place a day earlier, so that the celebrations would be held on the Saturday preceding the 30th. This was the case in 1989 for the first time.

After the coronation of King Willem-Alexander, the date changed to that of his date of birth, April 27, from 2014 onwards, if not on a Sunday. If that occurred, which was true for 2014 itself as well, King's Day will again be held on Saturdays preceding the 27th.

History

[edit]

Wilhelmina (1885–1948)

[edit]
Koninginnedagon 31 August 1932 in Amsterdam

Faced with an unpopular monarchy, in the 1880s theliberalsin Dutch government sought a means of promoting national unity.[3]KingWilliam IIIwas disliked, but his four-year-old daughterPrincess Wilhelminawas not.[4]A holiday honouring King William had been intermittently held on his birthday, and J. W. R. Gerlach, editor of the newspaperUtrechts Provinciaal en Stedelijk Dagblad,proposed that the princess's birthday be observed as an opportunity for patriotic celebration and national reconciliation.[5]Prinsessedagor Princess's Day was first celebrated in the Netherlands on 31 August 1885, Wilhelmina's fifth birthday. The young princess was paraded through the streets, waving to the crowds.[4]The first observance occurred only inUtrecht,but other municipalities quickly began to observe it, organizing activities for children.[5]Further processions were held in the following years, and when Wilhelmina inherited the throne in 1890,Prinsessedagwas renamedKoninginnedag,or Queen's Day.[4]By then almost every Dutch town and city was marking the holiday.[5]

The celebration proved popular, and when the Queen came of age in 1898, her inauguration was postponed six days to 6 September so as not to interfere withKoninginnedag.[6]The annual holiday fell on the final day of schoolsummer vacation,which made it popular among schoolchildren.[4]It is uncertain how much Wilhelmina enjoyed the festivities; although writer Mike Peek, in a 2011 magazine article aboutKoninginnedag,suggests she was enthusiastic,[4]there is a story of Wilhelmina, after a tired return from one of these birthday processions, making her doll bow until the toy's hair was dishevelled, and telling it, "Now you shall sit in a carriage and bow until your back aches, and see how much you like being a Queen!"[7]

Koninginnedag1902 not only honoured the Queen's birthday, but was celebrated with increased enthusiasm as it marked her recovery from serious illness.[3]Wilhelmina rarely attendedKoninginnedagfestivities after reaching adulthood.[8]She attended ceremonies for her silver jubilee in 1923, which included massive festivities in Amsterdam andThe Hague,despite the Queen's request that large sums not be spent because economic conditions at the time were difficult. To ensure that even the poorer parts of the city were included, bands played simultaneously at 28 locations across The Hague.[9]Wilhelmina made further exceptions for such events as her fiftieth birthday in 1930.[8]During theGerman occupation of the Netherlandsduring World War II,Koninginnedagcelebrations were banned, and members of the Orange Committees, which organize the holiday events, destroyed their records for fear of German reprisals.[6]

Juliana (1948–1980)

[edit]
Military parade inArnhem,Koninginnedag1958

Another summertime birthday celebration in the Netherlands was that of Wilhelmina's mother,Queen-Regent Emma,who after Wilhelmina attained adulthood generally spent her own birthday, 2 August, atSoestdijk PalaceinBaarn.Until her death in 1934, Emma receivedan annual floral tributefrom the townsfolk on her birthday. In 1937 Wilhelmina's daughter and heiress,Princess Juliana,took up residence at Soestdijk Palace following her marriage, and the townsfolk made their floral presentation to her, moving the date to Juliana's birthday, 30 April.[8]In September 1948 Juliana ascended to the Dutch throne and from 1949 onwardsKoninginnedagwas on her birthday.[10]The change in date attracted immediate approval from Dutch children, who gained an extra day of holiday. The first observance of the holiday on the new date included a huge circus at theAmsterdam Olympic Stadium—one not attended by the royal family, who remained at Soestdijk Palace.[11]Queen Juliana retained the floral tribute, staying each year onKoninginnedagat Soestdijk Palace to receive it. The parade became televised in the 1950s, andKoninginnedagincreasingly became a national holiday, with workers given the day off.[3]Juliana had a reputation as a "queen of the people", and according to Peek, "it felt as if she invited her subjects to the royal home".[4]

In early 1966 Juliana's eldest daughter, Princess Beatrix, marriedKlaus-Georg von Amsberg.The marriage was controversial because the new Prince Claus (as he was dubbed) was a German, and Claus himself had served in theGerman Armyduring the war. Anti-German riots in Amsterdam marred the wedding day and the following observances ofKoninginnedag.Fearing further demonstrations on the holiday, government officials decided to open Amsterdam city centre to thevrijmarkt( "free market" ) that had long been held onKoninginnedagin the outskirts of town, principally for children. Thevrijmarktoccupied the space where demonstrations might have been held, and began a new custom.[4]

Beatrix (1980–2013)

[edit]
Queen Beatrixspeaks with the mayor ofThe Hague,Wim DeetmaninScheveningen,Koninginnedag2005.
Queen Beatrix and her son and heirWillem-Alexander, Prince of Orange(waving) visitWoudrichemin 2007

WhenQueen Beatrixsucceeded her mother Juliana on the latter's abdication on 30 April 1980, the new queen decided to keep the holiday on 30 April as a tribute to her mother.[2][3](If 30 April fell on a Sunday,Koninginnedagwas observed the previous day—this occurred most recently in 2006.[12]) The reason was practical as well—Beatrix's actual birthday on 31 January would have been less conducive to the traditional outdoor activities.[10]Rather than remaining at the palace and letting the Dutch people come to her, Beatrix instead usually visited two towns each year forKoninginnedagcelebrations.[3]Local crafts and customs were demonstrated for the royal family, who had the opportunity to join in.[13][14]

Koninginnedagcelebrations have sometimes been affected or disrupted. In 1988 three British servicemen stationed in Germany who were in the Netherlands forKoninginnedagwere killed inIrish Republican Armyattacks.[15]In 1996 the celebrations inRotterdamwere dampened by an alcohol ban, put in place following riots earlier in the week after local football clubFeyenoordwon theDutch league championship.[16]The Queen's scheduled 2001 visits toHoogeveenandMeppelwere postponed for one year owing to an outbreak offoot-and-mouth disease.[17]

On 30 April 2009, Beatrix and other members of the royal family were at the town ofApeldoornwhen a 38-year-old man, Karst Tates,drove his Suzuki Swift automobile into the crowd,narrowly missing the open-top bus the royal family members were riding on.[4][18]Seven people were killed and further celebrations were cancelled.[18]Tates died of injuries sustained in the attack soon afterwards and his exact motives remain unclear, though it appears his target was the royal family.[4]The incident provoked questions about whether the royal family should continue to participate in the celebrations. However, Beatrix indicated that the tragedy would not stop her from meeting her people.[13]In 2010, Beatrix and her family visitedWemeldingeandMiddelburg,inZeelandprovince. There were no incidents, and afterwards, the Queen thanked Zeeland for givingKoninginnedagback to her family, and to her country.[4]

Koningsdag is located in Netherlands
De Rijp (2014)
Veere (1981)
Breda (1981)
Harlingen (1982)
Zuidlaren (1982)
Lochem (1983)
Vaassen (1983)
Den Haag (1984, 2005)
Anna Paulowna (1985)
Callantsoog (1985)
Schagen (1985)
Deurne (1986)
Meijel (1986)
Breukelen (1987)
Genemuiden (1988)
Kampen (1988)
Amsterdam (1988)
Goedereede (1989)
Oud-Beijerland (1989)
Loppersum (1990)
Haren (1990)
Buren (1991)
Culemborg (1991)
Rotterdam (1992)
Vlieland (1993)
Sneek (1993)
Emmeloord (1994)
Urk (1994)
Eijsden (1995)
Sittard (1995)
Sint-Maartensdijk (1996)
Bergen op Zoom (1996)
Marken (1997)
Velsen (1997)
Doesburg (1998)
Zutphen (1998)
Houten (1999)
Utrecht (1999)
Katwijk (2000)
Leiden (2000)
Hoogeveen (2002)
Meppel (2002)
Wijhe (2003)
Deventer (2003)
Warffum (2004)
Groningen (2004)
Scheveningen (2005)
Zeewolde (2006)
Almere (2006)
Woudrichem (2007)
's-Hertogenbosch (2007)
Makkum (2008)
Franeker (2008)
Apeldoorn (2009)
Wemeldinge (2010)
Middelburg (2010)
Thorn (2011)
Weert (2011)
Rhenen (2012)
class=notpageimage|
Map of all towns and cities visited by Queen Beatrix from 1981 to 2012

Queen Beatrix visited the following towns and cities over the years onKoninginnedag:[19]

On 28 January 2013 Queen Beatrix announced her abdication on 30 April 2013 in favour of her son,Willem-Alexander.[22]Since this date coincided withKoninginnedagthe royal family's planned visit toDe RijpandAmstelveenwas cancelled,[21]althoughKoninginnedag2013 was still celebrated throughout the country.[23][24][25]

Willem-Alexander

[edit]
King Willem-Alexander, Queen Maxima and Princess Beatrix during the celebration ofKoningsdag2014 inDe Rijp
Koningsdag is located in Netherlands
De Rijp (2014)
Amstelveen (2014)
Dordrecht (2015)
Zwolle (2016)
Tilburg (2017)
Groningen (2018)
Amersfoort (2019)
Eindhoven (2021)
Maastricht (2022)
Rotterdam (2023)
Emmen (2024)
class=notpageimage|
Map of all towns and cities visited by King Willem-Alexander since 2014

On 30 April 2013, Queen's Day,Willem-Alexandersucceeded his motherBeatrixand became the first King of the Netherlands in 123 years. Consequently, from 2014 onwards the name has been changed from Queen's Day to King's Day. The date has also changed from 30 to 27 April, which is the actual birthday of Willem-Alexander.[1]On the first King's Day – held on 26 April 2014 because 27 April 2014 was a Sunday – the king visitedDe RijpandAmstelveen(originally planned to be visited by Queen Beatrix in 2013, but postponed due to her abdication).[26]

King Willem-Alexander has visited the following towns and cities over the years onKoningsdag:

Due to thecoronavirus pandemic,many King's day celebrations were cancelled in 2020, including the royal family's planned visit toMaastricht.[35][36]An alternative stay-at-home program was issued instead, featuring a simultaneousnational anthemsing-along and a nationaltoastmoment. The King addressed the Dutch people from his home.[37]

Activities

[edit]

The festivities onKoningsdagare often organised by Orange Committees (Dutch:Oranjecomité), local associations[3]that seek sponsorship and donations for their activities. In recent years some committees have had difficulty in recruiting new members from among the younger Dutch.[38]

Flea market

[edit]
Vrijmarkt,Koninginnedag2011,Deventer

Thevrijmarkt(literally 'free market') is a nationwideflea market,at which many people sell theirused goods.Koningsdagis the one day of the year that the Dutch government permits sales on the street without a permit and without the payment ofvalue added tax.[39]ING Bankfound in 2011 that one in five Dutch residents planned to sell at thevrijmarktand estimated they would earn €100 per person for a total turnover of €290 million. Over half of the Dutch people buy at thevrijmarkt;ING Bank predicted they would spend €28 each at the 2011vrijmarkt.[40]Queen Beatrix has been known to buy at thevrijmarkt;in 1995 she purchased a floor lamp.[41]The bank also forecast that the lowest level of sales at thevrijmarktin 2011 would be in the province ofLimburg,site of Queen Beatrix's visit.[40]

Among the most popular areas for thevrijmarktin Amsterdam is theJordaanquarter, but the wide Apollolaan in front of the Hilton hotel in southern Amsterdam is gaining in popularity. Children sell their cast-off toys or garments at theVondelpark,also in southern Amsterdam, and in a spirit of fun passers-by often offer the young sellers more than they are asking for the goods.[42]Until 1996, thevrijmarktbegan the evening before and continued for 24 hours. This was ended in the hope of gaining a pause in the celebrations so preparations could be made for the daytime activities.[4]Utrecht,uniquely among Dutch municipalities, retains the overnightvrijmarkt.[20]In 2020, people could sell their goods on an online platform to avoid physical contact with customers.[37]

Festivities

[edit]

Koningsdagnow sees large-scale celebrations, with many concerts and special events in public spaces, particularly in Amsterdam. An outdoor concert is held on Amsterdam'sMuseumplein,where as many as 800,000 people may gather. To aid visitors in returning home by train after the festivities, outdoor events must end by 20:00, and the Museumplein show by 21:00.[20]The city centre is closed to cars, and no trams ride in the heart of the city; people are urged to avoidAmsterdam Centraal railway stationand use other stations if possible from their direction. International trains that normally depart or terminate at Amsterdam Centraal are instead directed to a suburban stop.[43]

In recent years parties and concerts have been held the evening beforeKoningsdag.Until 2013, nightclubs across the Netherlands organised special events for what became known asKoninginnenacht(Queen's Night).[44]Many young people celebrate in the streets and squares (and in Amsterdam, the canals as well) throughout the night, and after all-night partying join the crowds at thevrijmarkt.[13]

While King's Day celebrations take place throughout the Netherlands, Amsterdam is a popular destination for many revellers. Often the city's 850,000 residents are joined by up to 1 million visitors. In recent years Amsterdam authorities have taken some measures to try to stem the flow of visitors as the city became too crowded.[45]

Those taking part inKoningsdagcommonly dye their hair orange or wear orange clothing in honour of theHouse of Orange-Nassau,which rules over the Netherlands. Orange-coloured drinks are also popular.[46]This colour choice is sometimes dubbed "orange madness", or in Dutch,oranjegekte.[13]A local Orange Committee member said ofKoninginnedagin 2011:

Friendships—and community—will be formed. For me that's really what Queen's Day is all about. It's not an outburst of patriotism, it's not even about the popularity of the royal family. It's about a sense of belonging. For one day, everybody is the same in Holland. Bright orange and barmy.[6]

Children celebrate with a variety of games includingkoekhappen(in which they catch spice cake dangling from a string in their mouths) andspijker poepen(in which they tie string around their waist with a nail dangling at one end, which they attempt to lower into a glass bottle).[47]

  • Waterland's Koningsdag bike race (2015)
    Waterland'sKoningsdagbike race (2015)
  • A concert given by the Dutch band Leaf in The Hague during Koninginnenacht in 2008
    A concert given by the Dutch bandLeafinThe HagueduringKoninginnenachtin 2008
  • Revellers dressed in orange in Amsterdam, Koninginnedag 2007
    Revellers dressed in orange in Amsterdam,Koninginnedag2007

Festivals

[edit]

Many music festivals are also organised on King's Day. Major and well-known festivals include538Koningsdag, a music festival hosted since 1993 by the Dutch radiostation 538,[48]Kingsland (since 2013), hosted inAmsterdam,GroningenandRotterdam,[49]Supersized Kingsday, ahardcore/hardstylefestival hosted since 2014 by B2S,[50]Kingdance (Zwolle,formerly known as Queendance), hosted since 2010, and numeroustechnofestivals such as Oranjebitter (Rotterdam), Loveland van Oranje (Amsterdam), Oranjebloesem (Amsterdam), Free Your Mind Orange Edition/Kingsday (Arnhem,Breda).

Honours

[edit]

Koningsdagis an opportunity for the monarch to honour citizens for their service to the Netherlands. In 2011, Queen Beatrix issued an honours list noting the work of 3,357 people, most of whom became members of theOrder of Orange-Nassau.[51]

Observance in Dutch territories outside Europe

[edit]

Koningsdagis also celebrated inAruba,Curaçao,andSint Maarten,constituent countries of theKingdom of the Netherlands.[13]It is less widely celebrated on the Caribbean island ofBonaire,also a part of the Kingdom, where the local celebration of Dia di Rincon (held on 30 April) is more popular.[52]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abAZ(30 April 2013)."Besluit vaststelling en aanduiding zevenentwintigste april als Koningsdag"(in Dutch). BWBR0032908.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  2. ^abAZ(24 April 1980)."Besluit aanduiding van de dertigste april als Koninginnedag"(in Dutch). BWBR0031338.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  3. ^abcdef"The Queen's official birthday (Koninginnedag)".Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.Archived fromthe originalon 6 May 2012.Retrieved30 April2012.
  4. ^abcdefghijkPeek, Mike (April 2011)."Long live the Queen".Amsterdam Magazine:29–33. Archived fromthe originalon 11 August 2011.Retrieved30 April2011.
  5. ^abcDeploige, Jeroen; Gita Deneckere (2006).Mystifying the Monarch: Studies on Discourse, Power, and History.Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 187.ISBN90-5356-767-4.Retrieved6 May2011.
  6. ^abcChadwick, Nicola (27 April 2011)."Planning the perfect Queen's Day".Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived fromthe originalon 30 April 2011.Retrieved1 May2011.
  7. ^Bates, Winslow (October 1898)."The girl queen and her coronation".National Magazine:12–18.Retrieved3 May2011.
  8. ^abc"Queen's Day history dates back to 1889".NIS News. 26 April 2001. Archived fromthe originalon 30 September 2011.Retrieved1 May2011.
  9. ^"Holland preparing for Queen's jubilee".The New York Times.9 July 1923. p. 13.Retrieved3 May2011.
  10. ^ab"Queen's Day of Netherlands April 30, 2011".Manila Bulletin.30 April 2011.Retrieved1 May2011.
  11. ^Schorr, Danel L. (16 April 1949)."Dutch queen guides nations through crises, eyes first anniversary".The Christian Science Monitor.Retrieved3 May2011.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^Romanko, J.R. (19 March 2006)."Datebook".The New York Times.Retrieved1 May2011.
  13. ^abcdeThompson, Nick (25 April 2011)."Queen's Day: Go Dutch for an alternative royal celebration".CNN.Retrieved1 May2011.
  14. ^"Queen's Day".Expat Centre–Leiden. 13 April 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 23 March 2012.Retrieved1 May2011.
  15. ^Raines, Howell (2 May 1988)."3 British servicemen are killed in I.R.A. attacks in Netherlands".The New York Times.Retrieved3 May2011.
  16. ^Corder, Mike (1 May 1996)."Netherlands celebrates Queen Mother's birthday with national garage sale".Herald-Journal.Spartanberg, S.C.Associated Press.Retrieved3 May2011.
  17. ^ab"Koninginnedag"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.Archived fromthe originalon 7 June 2012.Retrieved30 April2012.
  18. ^ab"Car crash into Dutch Queen parade".BBC. 30 April 2009.Retrieved1 May2011.
  19. ^"Geschiedenis Koningsdag"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.17 November 2014.Retrieved26 April2017.
  20. ^abc"The Netherlands celebrates Queen's Day, royals in Limburg".dutchnews.nl. 30 April 2011.Retrieved1 May2011.
  21. ^ab"Amstelveen 'beetje teleurgesteld'".NOS. 28 January 2013.Retrieved27 April2018.
  22. ^"Dutch Queen announces Abdication".Guardian.28 January 2012.Retrieved28 January2013.
  23. ^"Nederland viert laatste Koninginnedag".NOS. 30 April 2013.Retrieved28 April2018.
  24. ^"700.000 mensen bezochten A'dam".NOS. 30 April 2013.Retrieved28 April2018.
  25. ^"Topdrukte in Brabantse steden, Koninginnedag verloopt rustig – Foto's".Omroep Brabant. 30 April 2013.Retrieved28 April2018.
  26. ^Anouk Eigenraam (28 January 2013)."Koninginnedag wordt Koningsdag en is voortaan op 27 april".NRC Handelsblad(in Dutch).Retrieved29 January2013.
  27. ^"Koningsdag vanaf 2014 op 27 april"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.28 January 2013.Retrieved26 April2017.
  28. ^"Koningsdag 2015 in Dordrecht"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.11 October 2014.Retrieved26 April2017.
  29. ^"Koningsdag 2016 in Zwolle"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.12 October 2015.Retrieved26 April2017.
  30. ^"Koningsdag 2017 in Tilburg"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.2 September 2016.Retrieved26 April2017.
  31. ^"Koningsdag 2018 in Groningen"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.14 September 2017.Retrieved27 April2018.
  32. ^"Koningsdag 2019 in Amersfoort"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.30 August 2018.Retrieved27 April2019.
  33. ^"King's day 2022".visitmaastricht.Archived fromthe originalon 24 September 2022.Retrieved14 March2022.
  34. ^"Koningsdag 2024 in Emmen"(in Dutch).Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst.7 July 2023.Retrieved7 July2023.
  35. ^"Koningsdag Maastricht 2020 gaat niet door".Bezoek Maastricht(in Dutch).Retrieved26 March2020.
  36. ^"Koningsdag in Maastricht en koningsspelen afgelast wegens coronavirus".nos.nl(in Dutch). 16 March 2020.Retrieved26 March2020.
  37. ^ab"Koningsdag 2020: 'Misschien een beetje rommelig, maar dat hoort erbij'".nos.nl(in Dutch). 26 April 2020.Retrieved27 April2020.
  38. ^"Woerden: Oranjecomité zoekt sponsors"(in Dutch). RPLFM Woerden. 29 April 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 4 May 2015.Retrieved5 May2011..
  39. ^Chack, Erin (5 April 2011)."Queen's Day Amsterdam 2011 guide".TNT Magazine.Archived fromthe originalon 21 October 2011.Retrieved1 May2011.
  40. ^ab"Nederlanders rekenen op 290 miljoen op vrijmarkt"(in Dutch). ING Group. 29 April 2011.Retrieved30 April2012.
  41. ^"National yard sale honors Dutch queen".AP Via the Southeast Missourian.1 May 1997.Retrieved3 May2011.
  42. ^"Free market on Queen's Day".amsterdam.info.Retrieved1 May2011.
  43. ^"Transportation during the Queen's Day".amsterdam.info.Retrieved1 May2011.
  44. ^"Queen's Day in Amsterdam".amsterdam.info.Retrieved1 May2011.
  45. ^"Amsterdam says new approach to Queen's Day successful".dutchamsterdam.nl. May 2012.Retrieved26 April2013.
  46. ^"Tradition of Queen's Day in Holland".amsterdam.info.Retrieved1 May2011.
  47. ^Thompson, Nick (25 April 2011)."Queen's Day: Go Dutch for an alternative royal celebration - CNN".CNN.Retrieved29 April2015.
  48. ^"Radio 538 zet traditie voort met 538 Koningsdag op Chasséveld Breda".
  49. ^"Kingsland Festival".
  50. ^"Kingsday Festival 2023".b2s.nl.Retrieved11 May2023.
  51. ^"Dutch Queen's Day honours list".Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 29 April 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 16 December 2012.Retrieved1 May2011.
  52. ^"Dia di Rincon populairder dan Koninginnedag op Bonaire"(in Dutch). Radio Netherlands Worldwide (Caribbean). 2 May 2011.Retrieved3 May2011.
[edit]
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