Kirada
| Kirada | |
|---|---|
| King of theKidarites | |
A "Gadahara"(Gandhara) coin of Kirada (left) and itsKiradamonogram (right) appearing under the arm of the ruler. Obverse:Several names appears on the obverse, vertically Right field:The name    Ka-pa-ṇaappears in the left field, meaning unknown.[2][3][4]Reverse:GoddessArdoxshoseated. | |
| Kidarites | |
| Reign | 335-345 CE[5] |
| Predecessor | Kipunada |
| Successor | Peroz |
Kirada(Brahmi:
Ki-ra-da,ruled 335-345 CE),[5]is considered by modern scholarship as the first known ruler of theKidarite Hunsin the area ofGandharain northwestern India,[6]possibly at the same time as another Kidarite ruler named Yosada.[5]
The name of Kirada name appears on numerous coins at the end of theKushan Empireand the beginning of the rule of theKidarite Hunsin the area of Central and WesternPunjabinIndia,in the period circa 340-345 CE.[4][7]
The name
Ga-ḍa-ha-ra(for the region ofGandhara)[8]appears vertically as a monogram (
) in the right field of the coins of Kirada, as on some slightly earlier coins signedSamudragupta,or subsequent coins of other early Kidarite rulers named Yasada,PerozandKidara.[9]The appearance of the name Samudragupta may suggest some kind of suzerainty at a time in relation with theGupta Empire.[9][10][4]
) to the right.Balkhmint.The coins of Kirada would have followed those in the name ofSamudraguptain Gandhara, and it is thought that Kirada was succeeded as Kidarite ruler by another KidaritePerozand then the famousKidara.[11][12]Altogether they form the first coin issues after the reign of the last Kushan rulerKipunada.[2]
Kirada also struck inBalkhcoins in the name of the lastKushano-SasanianrulerVarahran I Kushanshahcirca CE 340-345, incorporating the Kidaritetamga()which replaced thenandipadawhich had been in use before the rise of the Kidarites.[13]
References[edit]
- ^Tandon, Pankaj (2009). "The Western Kshatrapa Dāmazāda".The Numismatic Chronicle.169:177.JSTOR42678610.
- ^abCribb, Joe."The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf".Coins, Art and Chronology II, Edited by M. Alram et Al.:101.
- ^A Comprehensive History of India.Orient Longmans. 1957. p. 253.
- ^abcTandon, Pankaj (2009)."An Important New Copper Coin of Gadahara".Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society(200): 19.
- ^abcdCribb, Joe; Donovan, Peter.Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan.p. 4.
- ^"The first Kidarite king Kirada" inThe Classical Art Research Centre, University of Oxford (2018).Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017.Archaeopress. p.23.
- ^Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. (1996).History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750.UNESCO. pp. 165–166.ISBN9789231032110.
- ^Cribb, Joe."The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf".Coins, Art and Chronology II, Edited by M. Alram et Al.:110.
- ^abAgrawal, Ashvini (1989).Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas.Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 128.ISBN9788120805927.
- ^"Gadahara. The last branch, in course of time, yielded to Samudragupta, as is borne out by certain coins of this branch having the name Samudra. There is a good deal of similarity between the coins of the Gadaharas and the Kidara Kushanas." inBajpai, K. D. (2004).Indian Numismatic Studies.Abhinav Publications. p. 112.ISBN9788170170358.
- ^Khodadad Rezakhani affirms it as a settled fact now: "Kidara and a certain Peroz (previously called Peroz 3; Cribb 1990" ), the first Kidarite authorities "inRezakhani, Khodadad (2017).ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity.Edinburgh University Press. p. 85.ISBN9781474400305.
- ^"In the Punjab the stylistic progression of the gold series from Kushan to Kidarite is clear: imitation staters were issued first in the name of Samudragupta, then by Kirada, 'Peroz' and finally Kidara" inErrington, Elizabeth; Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (2007).From Persepolis to the Punjab: Exploring Ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.British Museum Press. p. 88.ISBN9780714111650.
- ^Cribb, Joe (2018).Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017.Archaeopress. p. 23.ISBN9781784918552.