Koporye
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Koporye
Копорье | |
|---|---|
 Entrance to Koporye Fortress | |
Location of Koporye  | |
  Koporye Location of Koporye | |
| Coordinates:59°42′N29°03′E/ 59.700°N 29.050°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Founded | 1237 (Julian) |
Koporye(Russian:Копорье;Finnish:Kaprio;Swedish:Koporje) is a historicvillage(selo) inLeningrad Oblast,Russia,located about 100 km (62 mi) west ofSt. Petersburgand 12 km (7.5 mi) south of theKoporye Bayof theBaltic Sea.Its population in 2017 was 1,603.
History
[edit]The first woodenfortresson the coast of theKoporye Baywas built by theTeutonic Knightsin the winter of 1240, only to be destroyed byAlexander Nevskythe next year.[2]The second fortress was built in stone by Alexander's sonDmitry Alexandrovichin 1280.[3]Enraged by the prince's independence, theNovgorodiansrazed the fortress two years later.[4][5]
TheSwedestook advantage of the lack of a fortress and occupied the banks of theNarva River.TheNovgorodianshad to restore the stone fort in 1297. Koporye was the strongest stronghold in the region and survived numerous attacks during theSwedish–Novgorodian Wars.In the 14th and 15th centuries, the town was given several times to mercenary princes invited by Novgorodians to protect the northern territories of the republic. While the town had an important fortress, the residences of a prince and several lesser landowners, and was the centre of an important iron-working district, it remained very small, with only 18 households by the end of 15th century.[6]
After Novgorod's incorporation intoMuscovy,the fortress was strengthened and rebuilt to withstandcannonfire. Most extant structures belong to that period. Russian forces surrendered Koporye during theLivonian Warbut regained it under theTreaty of Tyavzino.
During theTime of Troubles,Koporye was attacked by some 2,000 Swedes. The Russian garrison had to surrender. In 1656, Russia unsuccessfully tried to retake the village. Koporye remained Swedish until 1703, known as Koporje or Caporie/Capurien, constituting an important part ofSwedish Ingria.[7][8]
As theGulf of Finlandgrew shallow and receded to the north, the site began to lose its maritime importance. In 1703, during theGreat Northern War,a major Russian army underBoris Sheremetevregained Koporye, which was defended by 80 Swedish soldiers under the commandant, Captain Wasili Apolloff. Huge gaps in the walls from the disastrous fire of the Russian artillery may still be seen.
Despite some repairs undertaken in the 19th century, the fortress survives in a ruined state. Today, it is a museum.[9][10]
References
[edit]- ^"Archived copy".msu.lenobl.ru.Archived fromthe originalon 14 March 2018.Retrieved12 January2022.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^Murray, Alan V. (5 July 2017).Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier 1150–1500.Taylor & Francis. p. 164.ISBN978-1-351-94715-2.
- ^"Fortress and defence building".Culture of the Leningrad Oblast.
- ^"Крепость Копорье | Крепости России | Россия и страны СНГ | Замки и крепости | AllCastles.ru".allcastles.ru.Retrieved2018-08-26.
- ^Michell, Robert; Shakhmaton, A. A.; Forbes, Nevill; Beazley, C. Raymond (Charles Raymond) (1914).The chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1471.University of California Libraries. London, Offices of the society.
- ^Бернадский, Виктор Николаевич (1961).Новгород и новгородская земля в XV веке.Издательство Академии Наук СССР. pp. 121–123.
- ^Goss.ru, Alex Goss -."History of Koporskaya fortress - Northern Fortress".nortfort.ru.Retrieved2018-07-27.
- ^"Крепость Копорье | Крепости России | Россия и страны СНГ | Замки и крепости | AllCastles.ru".allcastles.ru.Retrieved2018-08-26.
- ^"Koporye Fortress Museum".St. Petersburg.
- ^"Копорье — Музей-заповедник" Копорье "".koporiemuseum.ru.Retrieved2018-12-16.