Kullawada
| Origin | Discussed between Bolivia and Peru |
|---|
TheKullawada,kullahuada,cullaguadaorkullawais a dance practiced inBoliviaandPeruand there is controversy about the origin of the dance between Bolivia and Peru. The name of the dance derives from the wordkullawa( "sister" inEnglish), in reference to its dancers. In Bolivia, kullawada is danced mainly in theCarnaval de Oruro,theFiesta del Gran Poder,theFestividad de la Virgen de Urkupiñaand theFestividad de Chutillos.[1] In Peru the dance is represented in theFiesta de la Candelaria.[2]
Origin
[edit]The origin of the dance is controversial and is discussed between researchers from Bolivia and Peru:
Bolivian arguments
[edit]According to the Bolivian position, the Kullawada dance originated exclusively in Bolivia in the city ofLa Paz.The name Kullawada, derives from the San Vicente de Collagua Community (kullawainAymara) of the Viacha municipality of theIngavi Provinceof theDepartment of La Paz.[3]
The Kullawada dance originated in the city of La Paz as an allegory to spinners who worked in theObrajestextile factories located in the city of La Paz.[4][5]
Kullawada dance is practiced inPuno,Perudue to the Bolivian influence in said Peruvian region. The copying of Bolivian dances in Puno was due to a complex social and economic process. Peruvian researcherAmerico Valencia Chaconargues that due to Puno being a far away region, forgotten by its capitalLima,and for its proximity to the city ofLa Paz,the seat of the government of Bolivia, the people there imitated and copied Bolivian traditions, including Bolivian dances. The Bolivian influence in Puno has been documented since the end of the 19th century. The dances calledDe Traje de Luces,including the kullawada that is danced in Puno, are of Bolivian origin. This fact was highly criticized in Peru due to the preference for Bolivian dances, causing a process of extinction of the authentic dances of Puno. For the registration of theFiesta de la Candelariaof Peru inUNESCOin the official documents it is written verbatim: "the dances, music and costumes of the people of Puno are accompanied by the dances, music and costumes of the people of Bolivia".[6][7]
Peruvian arguments
[edit]According to the Peruvian version, the dance of the "Kullawas", also known as "Kullawada", dates before the formation of the current countries to Inca times and is linked to the activity of ancient spinners and weavers. Some historians maintain that this dance belonged to theIncanobility, danced by theñustasand authorities of the empire. Other researchers maintain that severalAymaracouples brought to the capital of the empire danced ceremonially to the delight of the Inca and the orejones (noblecusqueños) led by a guide, carrying a large spinning wheel with wool tufts, to represent their ethnic group, their trade, and its importance to the Aymara economy, culture and communication.[8]These peoples were settled on the shores around ofLake Titicaca.[9][10]
It is documented that these spinners and embroiderers had a presence inPuno,and that part of this community migrated to Lima: "... the characteristic hat of that time had a rectangular shape, there was the Kullawa Achachi, later these embroiderers went to Lima and not I know more about them".[11]
Initially the costumes were simple, with silver embroidery touches that made them look very elegant. In colonial times Westerners persecuted Andean culture in a war against idolaters. Later, under the republican, kullawas were reborn again as a dance of spinners and became a ritual dance. Centuries later it became a dance of ostentation and economic power, turning the costume even more pompous, including pearls, gold leaf, silver and gold threads.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^"Kullawada - Oruro Carnival Dance".BoliviaTravelSite.
- ^El espacio cultural de los mitos, ritos, leyendas, celebraciones y devociones.2003. p. 85.ISBN9789871037087.Retrieved8 September2020.
- ^Adm53 (23 August 2020)."Comunidad Collagua".porlatierra.org(in Spanish).Retrieved23 August2020.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^Sigl, Eveline (2012).No se baila asi nomas(in Spanish).ISBN9789995423131.
- ^"La zona Sur vistió a la colonia"(in Spanish). paginasiete.bo=es. 23 August 2020. Archived fromthe originalon 14 May 2021.Retrieved23 August2020.
- ^Americo Valencia Chacon."Reconocimiento de la Festividad de la Candelaria"(in Spanish).
- ^Roberto Valencia Melgar (1968)."PUNO ¿Capital folklorica del Perú?, Diario Los Andes de Puno"(in Spanish).
- ^"HISTORIA DE LA KULLAWADA"(in Spanish).Retrieved8 September2020.
- ^Alvarez, Félix (1990).Danzas típicas del Perú(in Spanish). p. 85.Retrieved8 September2020.
- ^"KULLAWA"(in Spanish). raicesperumadrid. Archived fromthe originalon 5 August 2020.Retrieved8 September2020.
- ^Mendoza, Alcira (2009).Virgen de la Candelaria: aproximaciones científicas a su dinámica festiva(in Spanish).Puno:Universidad Nacional del Altiplano. p. 75.Retrieved8 September2020.