Kummanni
Kummanniwas the name of the main center of theAnatoliankingdom ofKizzuwatna.Its location is uncertain, but it may have been near the classical settlement ofComanainCappadocia.[1]
Recent research also proposed as a locationSirkeli Höyükin Plain Cilicia.[2]Since then, some additional evidence has been discussed indicating that Kummanni was located in Cilicia at Sirkeli Höyük.[3](The distance between Comana and Cilicia is not that great.)
Kummanni was the major cult center of theHurrianchief deity,Tešup.Its Hurrian nameKummenisimply translates as "The Shrine."
The city persisted into theEarly Iron Age,and appears asKisuatniinAssyrianrecords. It was located in the east of Que, the successor of Kizzuwatna.
The town should not be confused withKumme,a holy city for Assyrians and Urarteans, located in the highlands between Assyria andUrartu.
It is also sometimes proposed that in Hittite times there were two Kummanna's, one in the north and one in the south, corresponding to the two ancient sites (Κόμανα). The name belongs toLuwiankummaya('pure, holy').
References
[edit]- ^"Kummanni."Reallexikon der Assyriologie.
- ^'Forlanini, M. 2013: How to infer Ancient Roads and Intineraries from heterogenous Hittite Texts: The Case of the Cilician (Kizzuwatnean) Road System, KASKAL 10, 1–34.
- ^Kozal, Ekin; Novák, Mirko (2017),Facing Muwattalli: Some Thoughts on the Visibility and Function of the Rock Reliefs at Sirkeli Höyük, Cilicia,vol. 445, Ugarit-Verlag, pp. 373–390,doi:10.7892/BORIS.106777,ISBN9783868352511,retrieved2022-06-17
- Ernest René Lacheman, Martha A. Morrison, David I. Owen,General studies and excavations at Nuzi 9/1,1987,ISBN978-0-931464-08-9,p. 50f.[1]
- Massimiliano Forlanini, How to infer Ancient Roads and Intineraries from heterogenous Hittite Texts: The Case of the Cilician (Kizzuwatnean) Road System, KASKAL 10, 2013, 1–34.
- Mirko Novák and Susanne Rutishauser, Kizzuwatna: Archaeology, in: M. Weeden und L.Z. Ullmann (ed.), Hittite Landscape and Geography, Leiden 2017, 134–145.