Lathyrus
| Lathyrus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Grass vetchling(Lathyrus nissolia) | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Clade: | Inverted repeat-lacking clade |
| Tribe: | Fabeae |
| Genus: | Lathyrus L.(1753), nom. cons.[1] |
| Species[2] | |
|
181; see text | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Lathyrus/ˈlæθɪrəs/[3]is agenusofflowering plants in thelegumefamilyFabaceae,and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known aspeavinesorvetchlings,[1]they arenativetotemperateareas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.[4]There areannualandperennialspecies which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, includingOrobus,which was once a separate genus.[5]The genus has numerous synonyms, includingPisum,the ancientLatinname for the pea.[6]
Uses
[edit]Several species are grown for food, including thepea(Lathyrus oleraceus),Indian pea(L. sativus), and thered pea(L. cicera), and less commonlycyprus-vetch(L. ochrus) andSpanish vetchling(L. clymenum). Thetuberous pea(L. tuberosus) is grown as aroot vegetablefor its starchy edibletuber.Theseedsof someLathyrusspecies contain the toxicamino acidoxalyldiaminopropionic acidand if eaten in large quantities can causelathyrism,a serious disease.[7]
Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the gardensweet pea(Lathyrus odoratus) and theperennialeverlasting pea(Lathyrus latifolius).Flowerson these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible tofungalinfections includingdownyandpowdery mildew.
Species
[edit]
181 species are currently accepted.[2][8]
- Lathyrus acutifoliusVogel
- Lathyrus alamutensisMozaff., Ahavazi & Charkhch.
- Lathyrus alpestris(Waldst. & Kit.) Kit.
- Lathyrus amphicarposL.
- Lathyrus angulatusL.– angled pea
- Lathyrus anhuiensisY.J.Zhu & R.X.Meng
- Lathyrus annuusL.– red fodder pea
- Lathyrus apenninusF.Conti
- Lathyrus aphacaL.– yellow pea
- Lathyrus armenus(Boiss. & A.Huet) Čelak.
- Lathyrus articulatusL.
- Lathyrus atropatanus(Grossh.) Širj.
- Lathyrus aureus(G.Lodd. ex Drapiez) D.Brândză– golden pea
- Lathyrus basalticusRech.f.
- Lathyrus bauhiniP.A.Genty
- Lathyrus belinensisMaxted & Goyder
- Lathyrus berteroanusColla
- Lathyrus biflorusT.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson– twoflower pea
- Lathyrus bijugusBoiss. & Noë– drypark pea
- Lathyrus binatusPančić
- Lathyrus bitlisicusPeşmen & Güner
- Lathyrus blepharicarposBoiss.– ciliate vetchling
- Lathyrus boissieriŠirj.
- Lathyrus brachycalyxRydb.– Bonneville pea
- Lathyrus brachyodonMurb.
- Lathyrus brachypterusČelak.
- Lathyrus browniiEastw.
- Lathyrus cabrerianusBurkart
- Lathyrus campestrisPhil.
- Lathyrus cassiusBoiss.
- Lathyrus caudatusC.F.Wei & H.P.Tsui
- Lathyrus chloranthusBoiss. & Balansa
- Lathyrus chrysanthusBoiss.
- Lathyrus ciceraL.– red pea
- Lathyrus ciliatidentatusCzefr.
- Lathyrus cilicicusHayek & Siehe
- Lathyrus ciliolatusSam. ex Rech.f.
- Lathyrus cirpiciiGüneş
- Lathyrus cirrhosusSer.
- Lathyrus clymenumL.– Spanish vetchling
- Lathyrus colchicusLipsky
- Lathyrus crassipesGillies ex Hook. & Arn.–arvejilla
- Lathyrus cyaneus(Steven) K.Koch
- Lathyrus czeczottianusBässler
- Lathyrus davidiiHance
- Lathyrus decaphyllusPursh– prairie vetchling
- Lathyrus delnorticusC.L.Hitchc.– Del Norte pea
- Lathyrus dielsianusHarms
- Lathyrus digitatus(M.Bieb.) Fiori
- Lathyrus elegansVogel
- Lathyrus elongatus(Bornm.) Širj.
- Lathyrus emodi(Wall. ex Fritsch) Fritsch ex T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.
- Lathyrus eucosmusButters & H.St.John– seemly vetchling, bush vetchling
- Lathyrus filiformis(Lam.) J.Gay
- Lathyrus fissusBall
- Lathyrus formosus(Steven) Kenicer– Vavilovia
- Lathyrus froloviiFisch. ex Rupr.
- Lathyrus fulvus(Sm.) Kosterin
- Lathyrus glandulosusBroich
- Lathyrus gloeospermaWarb. & Eig
- Lathyrus gmelinii(Fisch. ex Ser.) Fritsch
- Lathyrus golanensisO.Cohen & Plitmann
- Lathyrus gorgoniParl.
- Lathyrus graminifolius(S.Watson) T.G.White– grassleaf pea
- Lathyrus grandiflorusSm.– twoflower everlasting pea
- Lathyrus grimesiiBarneby– Grimes' pea
- Lathyrus hallersteiniiBaumg.
- Lathyrus hasslerianusBurkart
- Lathyrus heterophyllusL.– Norfolk everlasting pea
- Lathyrus hierosolymitanusBoiss.
- Lathyrus hirsutusL.– hairy vetchling
- Lathyrus hirticarpusMattatia & Heyn
- Lathyrus hitchcockianusBarneby & Reveal– Bullfrog Mountain pea
- Lathyrus holochlorus(Piper) C.L.Hitchc.– thinleaf pea
- Lathyrus hookeriG.Don
- Lathyrus humilis(Ser.) Fisch. ex Spreng.
- Lathyrus hygrophilusTaub.
- Lathyrus inconspicuusL.
- Lathyrus incurvus(Roth) Willd.
- Lathyrus japonicusWilld.– sea pea, beach pea
- Lathyrus jepsoniiGreene– delta tule pea
- Lathyrus karsianusP.H.Davis
- Lathyrus ketzkhoveliiAvazneli
- Lathyrus komaroviiOhwi
- Lathyrus kryloviiSerg.
- Lathyrus laetivirensGreene ex Rydb.– aspen pea
- Lathyrus laevigatus(Waldst. & Kit.) Gren.
- Lathyrus lanszwertiiKellogg– Nevada pea
- Lathyrus lanszwertiivar.aridus(Piper) Jeps.
- Lathyrus lanszwertiivar.arizonicus(Britton) S.L.Welsh
- Lathyrus lanszwertiivar.bijugatus(T.G.White) Broich– drypark pea
- Lathyrus lanszwertiivar.lanszwertii
- Lathyrus lanszwertiivar.pallescensBarneby
- Lathyrus latifoliusL.– everlasting pea, perennial pea
- Lathyrus laxiflorus(Desf.) Kuntze
- Lathyrus lentiformisPlitmann
- Lathyrus leptophyllusM.Bieb.
- Lathyrus libaniFritsch– Lebanon vetchling
- Lathyrus linearifoliusVogel
- Lathyrus linifolius(Reichard) Bässler– bitter vetch, heath pea
- Lathyrus littoralis(Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp.– silky beach pea
- Lathyrus lomanusI.M.Johnst.
- Lathyrus lycicusBoiss. & Heldr.
- Lathyrus macropusGillies ex Hook. & Arn.
- Lathyrus macrostachysVogel
- Lathyrus magellanicusLam.
- Lathyrus marmoratusBoiss. & Balansa
- Lathyrus meridensisPittier
- Lathyrus miniatusM.Bieb. ex Steven
- Lathyrus mulkakLipsky
- Lathyrus multicepsClos
- Lathyrus multijugus(Ledeb.) Czefr.
- Lathyrus nervosusLam.– Lord Anson's blue pea
- Lathyrus neurolobusBoiss. & Heldr.
- Lathyrus nevadensisS.Watson– Sierra pea
- Lathyrus niger(L.) Bernh.– black pea
- Lathyrus nigrivalvisBurkart
- Lathyrus nissoliaL.– grass vetchling
- Lathyrus nitensVogel
- Lathyrus nivalisHand.-Mazz.
- Lathyrus numidicusBatt.
- Lathyrus ochroleucusHook.– cream pea
- Lathyrus ochrus(L.) DC.– Cyprus-vetch
- Lathyrus odoratusL.– sweet pea
- Lathyrus oleraceusLam.– pea
- Lathyrus pallescens(M.Bieb.) K.Koch
- Lathyrus palustrisL.– marsh pea
- Lathyrus pancicii(Jurišić) Adamović
- Lathyrus pannonicus(Jacq.) Garcke
- Lathyrus paraguariensisHassl.
- Lathyrus paranensisBurkart
- Lathyrus parodiiBurkart
- Lathyrus pauciflorusFernald– fewflower pea
- Lathyrus pisiformisL.
- Lathyrus polyphyllusNutt.– leafy pea
- Lathyrus pratensisL.– meadow vetchling
- Lathyrus pseudociceraPamp.
- Lathyrus pubescensHook. & Arn.
- Lathyrus pusillusElliott– tiny pea, singletary vetchling
- Lathyrus pygmaeusGomb.
- Lathyrus quinquenervius(Miq.) Litv.
- Lathyrus rigidusT.G.White– stiff pea
- Lathyrus roseusSmall
- Lathyrus rotundifoliusWilld.
- Lathyrus satdaghensisP.H.Davis
- Lathyrus sativusL.– Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch
- Lathyrus saxatilis(Vent.) Vis.
- Lathyrus sericeusLam.
- Lathyrus setifoliusL.
- Lathyrus spathulatusČelak.
- Lathyrus speciosusG.Don
- Lathyrus sphaericusRetz.– grass pea
- Lathyrus splendensKellogg– pride of California
- Lathyrus stenolobusBoiss.
- Lathyrus stenophyllusBoiss. & Heldr.
- Lathyrus subandinusPhil.
- Lathyrus subulatusLam.
- Lathyrus sulphureusW.H.Brewer ex A.Gray– snub pea
- Lathyrus sylvestrisL.– flat pea
- Lathyrus tauricolaP.H.Davis
- Lathyrus tefennicusGenç & Sahin
- Lathyrus tingitanusL.– Tangier pea
- Lathyrus torreyiA.Gray– Torrey's peavine
- Lathyrus × tournefortii(Lapeyr.) A.W.Hill
- Lathyrus trachycarpus(Boiss.) Boiss.
- Lathyrus tracyiBradshaw
- Lathyrus transsylvanicus(Spreng.) Rchb.f.
- Lathyrus tremolsianusPau
- Lathyrus tropicalandinusBurkart
- Lathyrus tuberosusL.– tuberous pea
- Lathyrus tukhtensisCzeczott
- Lathyrus undulatusBoiss.– wavy pea
- Lathyrus vaniotiiH.Lév.– Korean mountain vetchling[9]
- Lathyrus venetus(Mill.) Wohlf.
- Lathyrus venosusMuhl. ex Willd.– veiny pea, bushy vetchling
- Lathyrus vernus(L.) Bernh.– spring pea
- Lathyrus vestitusNutt.– Pacific pea
- Lathyrus vinealisBoiss. & Noë
- Lathyrus vivantiiP.Monts.
- Lathyrus whiteiKupicha
- Lathyrus woronowiiBornm.
- Lathyrus zalaghensisAndr.
Ecology
[edit]Lathyrusspecies are used as food plants by thelarvaeof someLepidopteraspecies, including thegrey chi(Antitype chi) and thelatticed heath(Chiasmia clathrata), both recorded onmeadow vetchling(Lathyrus pratensis), andChionodes braunella.Lathyrusgrowth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.[10]
Notes
[edit]- ^ab"genusLathyrus".Germplasm Resources Information Network(GRIN) online database.Retrieved10 March2017.
- ^abcLathyrusL.Plants of the World Online.Retrieved 9 August 2023.
- ^Sunset Western Garden Book,1995:606–607
- ^Asmussen, C. B; A. Liston. (March 1998)."Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification ofLathyrus(Fabaceae) ".American Journal of Botany.85(3): 387–401.doi:10.2307/2446332.JSTOR2446332.PMID21684923.
- ^Fred, Edwin Broun; Baldwin, Ira Lawrence; McCoy, Elizabeth (1932).Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants.UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press. p. 142.ISBN978-1-893311-28-2.
- ^Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press.ISBN9780521866453(hardback),ISBN9780521685535(paperback). pp 304
- ^Barrow, M. V.; et al. (1974). "Lathyrism: A Review".The Quarterly Review of Biology.49(2): 101–128.doi:10.1086/408017.JSTOR2820941.PMID4601279.S2CID33451792.
- ^GRIN Species Records ofLathyrus.Archived2008-10-14 at theWayback MachineGermplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
- ^English Names for Korean Native Plants(PDF).Pocheon:Korea National Arboretum.2015. p. 511.ISBN978-89-97450-98-5.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 25 May 2017.Retrieved22 December2016– viaKorea Forest Service.
- ^de Valpine, Perry; Harte, John (1 March 2001)."Plant Responses to Experimental Warming in a Montane Meadow".Ecology.82(3): 637–648.doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2.
External links
[edit]
Media related toLathyrusat Wikimedia Commons- Calflora Database:Lathyrusspecies index
- Jepson Flora Project: Key toLathyrus
