List of Empire ships (U–Z)
Hundreds ofEmpire shipswere employed by theGovernment of the United Kingdom.[1]They were acquired from a number of sources: many were built for the government; others obtained from theUnited States;still others were captured or seized from enemy powers. Empire ships were mostly used duringWorld War IIby theMinistry of War Transport(MoWT), which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines; however, some ships requisitioned during theSuez Crisiswere also named as Empire ships. Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped; however, a few still remain in active service or preserved.
Suffix beginning with U
[edit]Empire Unicorn
[edit]Empire Unicornwas a 7,067GRTcargo shipwhich was built by William Gray & Co Ltd,West Hartlepool.Launched on 29 October 1943 and completed in December 1943. Allocated in 1945 to theFrench Governmentand renamedPierre Corniou.Sold in 1950 to Société Navale de l’Ouest and renamedSaint Andre.Sold in 1953 to O Wallenius,Stockholmand renamedOtello.Sold in 1956 to L Jeansson AB, Stockholm and renamed Apollo. Sold in 1961 to Polska Zegluga Morska,Polandand renamedKopalnia.Relegated to astorage vesselatGdyniain 1971 and renamedMP-ZP-GDY 7.[2]
Empire Union
[edit]Empire Unionwas a 5,952 GRT cargo ship which was built byStabilimento Tecnico Triestino,Trieste.Completed in 1924 asSalvore.Sold in 1937 toLloyd Triestinoand renamedSistiana.Seized on 10 June 1940 as awar prizeby theSouth African NavyinTable Bay.To theSouth African Governmentand renamedMyrica.To MoWT in 1941 and renamedEmpire Union.Torpedoedon 26 December 1942 and sunk byU-356at47°30′N24°30′W/ 47.500°N 24.500°Wwhile a member ofConvoy ON 154.[3]
Empire Unitas IV
[edit]Empire Unitas IVwas a 341 GRTwhalerwhich was built byBremer Vulkan Schiff- und Mashcinenbau,Bremen.Completed in 1937 asUnitas 4for Jurgens Van Den Bergh Margarine Verkaufs Union GmbH,Hamburg.Requisitioned by theKriegsmarinein 1940. Seized in May 1945 atFlensburg.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Unitas IV.Scrapped in 1955 inPort Glasgow.[4]
Empire Unitas V
[edit]Empire Unitas Vwas a 341 GRT whaler which was built by Bremer Vulkan Schiff- und Mashcinenbau, Bremen. Completed in 1937 asUnitas 5for Jurgens Van Den Bergh Margarine Verkaufs Union GmbH, Hamburg. Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Unitas IV.Scrapped in 1954 in Port Glasgow.[4]
Empire Unitas VIII
[edit]
Empire Unitas VIIIwas a 341 GRT whaler built by Bremer Vulkan Schiff- und Mashcinenbau, Bremen. Completed in 1937 asUnitas 8for Jurgens Van Den Bergh Margarine Verkaufs Union GmbH, Hamburg. Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940. Seized in May 1945 atKiel.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Unitas VIII.Sold in 1956 to Union Whaling Co Ltd,South Africaand renamedSir Liege.Scrapped in October 1961 inDurban.[4]
Empire Unitas X
[edit]
Empire Unitas Xwas a 339 GRT whaler built byF Schichau GmbH,Danzig.Completed in 1939 asUnitas 10for Jurgens Van Den Bergh Margarine Verkaufs Union GmbH, Hamburg. Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940. Seized in May 1945 atEmden.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Unitas X.Sold in 1956 to Union Whaling Co Ltd and renamedC P Robinson.Scrapped in January 1963 in Durban.[4]
Empire Unity
[edit]Empire Unitywas a 6,386 GRT cargo ship which was built byAG Weser,Bremen. Completed in 1927 asBiscayafor J T Essberger, Hamburg. Captured on 19 October 1939 byHMSScotstounnorth ofIcelandand escorted toLeith.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Unity.Torpedoed on 4 May 1945 and damaged byU-979south-west of Iceland (64°23′N22°27′W/ 64.383°N 22.450°W) and abandoned. Later reboarded and sailed toHvitanes,Faroe Islandsand then on toReykjavíkfor temporary repairs. Departed Reykjavík on 20 June 1945 under tow bound forMethiland then Leith where she was repaired. Sold in 1947 to Store ship Transports Ltd, London and renamedStordale.Sold in 1961 to T Pappadrinitriou, Greece and renamedMageolia.Arrived under tow on 9 October 1963 atCerigowhere she was used as adepot ship.Arrived under tow on 12 April 1966 atBurriana,Spain for scrapping.[3]
Empire Upland
[edit]Empire Uplandwas a 683 GRTdredgerwhich was built by William Simons & Co Ltd,Renfrew.Launched on 26 December 1944 and completed in February 1945. Sold in 1945 to the Superintendent Civil Engineer, Bombay. To theIndian Navyin 1949 and renamed INSNirmal.[5]
Empire Ure
[edit]Empire Urewas a 2,570 GRT cargo ship which was built by Van Duivendijks Scheepswerft,Lekkerkerk.Launched in 1920 asWillem Van Driel Sr..Sold in 1927 to Kohlen-Import und Poseidon,Königsberg,renamedRheinland.Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940. Seized as a prize in May 1945. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Ure.Sold in 1947 to Crete Shipping Co., renamedAmberstone.Sold in 1950 to D. A. Psychoyos, Greece and renamedMetamorfosis.Ran aground atIjmuidenon 2 December 1950. Broke in two, a total loss.[4]
Empire Usk
[edit]Empire Uskwas a 3,229 GRT cargo ship which was built by Tyne Iron Shipbuilding Co Ltd,Newcastle upon Tyne.Completed in 1918 asWar Combe.Sold in 1920 to Oakwin Steamship Co and renamedWatsness.Operated under the management of Sir W R Smith & Sons Ltd. Sold in 1927 to Mervyn Steamship Co,Newport,Monmouthshireand renamedMarklyn.Ran aground on 20 January 1942 at Crammag Head,Port Logan.Cargo ofiron oredischarged but she was damaged further in storms. Refloated on 5 June 1942 and arrived under tow on 17 June 1942 atGlasgow.Repaired, to MoWT and renamedEmpire Usk.Sold in 1946 to Constants (South Wales) Ltd and renamedHeminge.Sold in 1948 to Crete Shipping Co Ltd, London and renamedBluestone.Sold in 1953 to Grosvenor Shipping Co and renamed Grosvenor Mariner. Operated under the management of Moller Line (UK) Ltd. Scrapped in September 1955 inHong Kong.[6]
Suffix beginning with V
[edit]Empire Valour
[edit]Empire Valourwas a 2,906 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool. Launched on 22 February 1943 and completed in May 1943. Sold in 1948 to Eskgarth Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Eskgarth. Operated under the management of H M Lund, London. Sold in 1951 to Uskside Steamship Co Ltd and renamedUskmouth.Operated under the management of R W Jones & Co, Newport. Sold in 1963 to Compagnia Marabello San Nicolas,Panamaand renamedAlexandra K.Sold in 1968 to Pateras Bros Ltd, Greece and renamedAristios II.Sold in 1969 to Reinato Marino Navigazione SA, Panama. Scrapped in June 1971 inPiraeus,Greece.[7]
Empire Vauxhall
[edit]Empire Vauxhallwas a 2,025 GRTcollierwhich was built byGrangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd,Grangemouth.Launched on 30 November 1944 and completed in March 1945. Sold in 1946 to William France, Fenwick & Co Ltd and renamedBraywood.Sold in 1960 to Faruk & Ozmelek,Turkeyand renamedAbdullah.Sold in 1976 to Kalkavan Ziya Koll,Sirketi,Turkey and renamedTaylan Kalkavan.Scrapped in April 1982 atAliaga, Turkey.[8]
Empire Venture
[edit]Empire Venturewas a 12,639 GRTfactory shipwhich was built bySwan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd,Newcastle upon Tyne. Completed in 1929 asVikingen.Sold in 1938 to Hamburger Walfang-Kontor GmbH, Hamburg and renamedWikinger.Requisitioned in 1939 by the Kriegsmarine. Formally seized by Royal Navy on 16 June 1945 at Kiel. To Howaldtswerke yards, Kiel, for repair and refit, August–November 1945. To MoWT November 1945 and renamedEmpire Venture.Deployed to the Southern Ocean on British account c 20 November 1945. Allocated to USSR by Tripartite Merchant Marine Commission at Berlin, 7 December 1945. Whaling equipment fitted at Kiel removed at Liverpool, June–September 1946. Handed over to USSR in Britain 26 September 1946 and renamedSlava.Re-refitted, presumably at Liverpool, September–December 1946. Sailed from Liverpool 22 December 1946 for the first Soviet whaling season in the Antarctic. Sold to Japanese buyer in 1971 and renamedFuji Maru.Scrapped in October 1971 atKaohsiung,Taiwan.[4]
Empire Venus
[edit]Empire Venuswas an 8,159 GRTtankerwhich was built byHarland & Wolff Ltd,Govan.Laid down asEmpire Venusbut taken over by theAdmiraltyon 28 January 1944 and name cancelled. Launched on 6 July 1944 and completed in November 1944 as RFAWave Monarchfor theRoyal Fleet Auxiliary.Sold in March 1960 toH G Pound,Portsmouthand used as an oil hulk atLe Havre,replacingRFAWave Conqueror.Sold in 1960 to Società Miroline and renamedNoema.Arrived on 8 April 1964 atBilbao,Spain for scrapping.[9]
Empire Vera
[edit]Empire Verawas a 292 GRTtugwhich was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd,Selby.Launched on 14 May 1945 and completed in December 1945. Sold in 1947 to United Towing Co Ltd and renamedRifleman.Newsteam enginefitted in 1949. On 3 June 1949 she was assistingTradesmantowingSSNorjervtoStrangford Lough,Northern Ireland,for scrapping whenNorjervbroke in two and sank. Scrapped in November 1967 atBlyth,Northumberland.[10]
Empire Viceroy
[edit]Empire Viceroywas a 7,803 GRT (10,360DWT)heavy lift shipwhich was built byVickers-Armstrongs Ltd,Barrow in Furness.Launched on 8 April 1943 and completed in August 1943. Sold in 1954 to Gypsum Carriers Inc and renamedHarry Lundeberg.Operated under the management of Kaiser Gypsum Co, United States. RenamedOcean Carrierin 1957. Laid up on 13 November 1971 atLos Angeles.Arrived on 11 July 1973 under tow at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping.[11]
Empire Victory
[edit]
Empire Victorywas a 21,846 GRT factory ship which was built byDeutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG,Bremen. Completed in 1937 asUnitasfor Unitas Deutsche Walfang GmbH. Requisitioned in 1939 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Victory.The Bomb damage was repaired in July 1946 by Harland & Wolff,Southampton.Then refitted by Silley, Cox & Co Ltd,Falmouth,Cornwall.ToMinistry of Food,operated under the management of United Whalers Ltd. Sold in 1950 to Union Whaling Co Ltd, South Africa and renamedAbraham Larsen.Sold in 1957 to Taiyo Gyogyo KK, Japan. Rebuilt with newdiesel engines,now 27,059 GRT and renamedNisshin Maru No 2.Scrapped in March 1987 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan.[12]
Empire Vigilance
[edit]Empire Vigilancewas an 8,093 GRT tanker which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd Govan. Launched on 18 February 1942 and completed in May 1942 asBritish VigilanceforBritish Tanker Co Ltd.Torpedoed on 3 January 1943 while sailing inConvoy TM 1and damaged byU-514at29°58′N44°40′W/ 29.967°N 44.667°Wand abandoned. Torpedoed on 24 January 1943 and sunk byU-105.[13]
Empire Viking I
[edit]Empire Viking Iwas a 250 GRT whaler which was built bySmiths Dock Co Ltd,Middlesbrough.Completed in 1929 asVikingen I.Sold in 1938 to Hamburger Walfang-Kontor GmbH, Hamburg and renamedWiking 1.Requisitioned in 1939 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized by Royal Navy on 18 October 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Viking I.Allocated to USSR by Tripartite Merchant Marine Commission at Berlin, 7 December 1945. Deployed to the Southern Ocean on British account late November 1945. Handed over to USSR in Britain September 1946 and renamedSlava VIII.[14]
Empire Viking II
[edit]Empire Viking IIwas a 250 GRT whaler which was built by Smiths Dock Co Ltd, Middlesbrough. Completed in 1929 asVikingen II.Sold in 1938 to Hamburger Walfang-Kontor GmbH, Hamburg and renamedWiking 2.Requisitioned in 1939 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized by Royal Navy on 18 October 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Viking II.Allocated to USSR by Tripartite Merchant Marine Commission at Berlin, 7 December 1945. Deployed to the Southern Ocean on British account late November 1945. Handed over to the USSR in Britain, September 1946 and renamedSlava IX.[14]
Empire Viking III
[edit]Empire Viking IIIwas a 250 GRT whaler which was built by Smiths Dock Co Ltd, Middlesbrough. Completed in 1929 asVikingen III.Sold in 1938 to Hamburger Walfang-Kontor GmbH, Hamburg and renamedWiking 3.Requisitioned in 1939 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized by Royal Navy on 18 October 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Viking III.Allocated to USSR by Tripartite Merchant Marine Commission at Berlin, 7 December 1945. Deployed to the Southern Ocean on British account late November 1945. Handed over to the USSR in Britain, September 1946 and renamedSlava X.[14]
Empire Viking VI
[edit]Empire Viking VIwas a 381 GRT whaler which was built by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Bremen. Completed in 1939 asWiking 6for Hamburger Walfang-Kontor GmbH, Hamburg. Requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized by Royal Navy on 29 October 1945 at Emden. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Viking VI.Allocated to USSR by Tripartite Merchant Marine Commission at Berlin, 7 December 1945. Deployed to the Southern Ocean on British account late November 1945. Handed over to the USSR in Britain, September 1946 and renamedSlava II.[14]
Empire Viking VIII
[edit]Empire Viking VIIIwas a 381 GRT whaler which was built by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Bremen. Completed in 1939 asWiking 8for Hamburger Walfang-Kontor GmbH, Hamburg. Requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized by Royal Navy on 29 October 1945 at Emden. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Viking VIII.Allocated to USSR by Tripartite Merchant Marine Commission at Berlin, 7 December 1945. Deployed to the Southern Ocean on British account late November 1945. Handed over to the USSR in Britain, September 1946 and renamedSlava III.[14]
Empire Viking IX
[edit]Empire Viking IXwas a 381 GRT whaler which was built by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Bremen. Completed in 1939 asWiking 9for Hamburger Walfang-Kontor GmbH, Hamburg. Requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized by Royal Navy on 29 October 1945 at Emden. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Viking IX.Allocated to USSR by Tripartite Merchant Marine Commission at Berlin, 7 December 1945. Deployed to the Southern Ocean on British account late November 1945. Handed over to the USSR in Britain, September 1946 and renamedSlava IV.[14]
Empire Viking X
[edit]Empire Viking Xwas a 370 GRT whaler which was built by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Bremen. Completed in 1939 asWiking 10for Hamburger Walfang-Kontor GmbH, Hamburg. Requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized by Royal Navy on 29 October 1945 at Emden. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Viking X.Allocated to USSR by Tripartite Merchant Marine Commission at Berlin, 7 December 1945. Deployed to the Southern Ocean on British account late November 1945. Handed over to the USSR in Britain in September 1946 and renamedSlava V.[14]
Empire Villager
[edit]Empire Villagerwas a 2,066 GRT collier which was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 31 August 1943 and completed in November 1943. Sold in 1946 to F T Everard & Sons Ltd and renamedGrit.Sold in 1957 to Bankstone Shipping Co Ltd and renamedBankstone.Operated under the management of Stone & Rolfe Ltd,Swansea.Sold in 1959 to Virtu Steamship Co Ltd, Malta and renamedSaver.Sold in 1965 to Marespuma Compagnia Navigazione, Panama and renamedChristoyannis.Operated under the management of A P Venetsanos, Greece. Sold in 1967 to Ann Poulos, Greece. Scrapped in November 1967 at Perama, Greece.[15]
Empire Vincent
[edit]Empire Vincentwas a 275 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 3 September 1943 and completed in January 1944. Transferred in December 1945 to theThai Government.Later transferred to theRoyal Thai Navyand served as HTMSSamaesan,pennant numberYTB 7. Laid up in 1982 in theChao Phraya River,Bangkok.Scrapped in 1983.[16]
Empire Viscount
[edit]Empire Viscountwas an 8,882 GRT tanker which was built by R Duncan & Co Ltd, Port Glasgow. Completed in 1929 asAthelviscountfor United Molasses Co Ltd. Damaged on 31 August 1940 by bombing atCammell Laird'sshipyard,Birkenhead.Torpedoed on 21 March 1942 and damaged byU-202at38°46′N55°44′W/ 38.767°N 55.733°W.Salvage tug reached her on 26 March. Towed toJohn's,Newfoundland.A journey not without problems as threeU-boatswere reported in the area and the vessels encountered storms and both drifted eastwards when the towline parted. Spotted by an aircraft on 4 April when still 100 nautical miles (190 km) offshore having been assumed by the Admiralty that both ships had foundered. Arrived at St John's withAthelviscountdrawing 41 feet (12.50 m) aft and her bows high in the air. Moored to a buoy as she was unable to be drydocked but broke free on 9 April and grounded at the harbour entrance. Refloated and docked on 23 May for temporary repairs to be carried out. Departed under tow on 30 June bound forNew Yorkwhere permanent repairs were carried out. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Viscount.Returned to United Molasses in 1946 and renamedAthelviscount.Scrapped in October 1957 atHendrik-Ido-Ambacht,Netherlands.[6]
Empire Voice
[edit]Empire Voicewas a 6,828 GRT cargo ship which was built byBarclay, Curle & Co Ltd,Glasgow. Launched on 3 September 1940 and completed in November 1940. Sold in 1946 toBooth Steamship Co Ltdand renamedBernard.Sold in 1947 toLamport & Holt Line Ltdand renamedByron.RenamedLalandein 1953. Sold in 1961 to William Brandt & Sons Ltd and renamedUncle Batt.Arrived on 8 September 1961 atMoji,Japan for scrapping.[17]
Empire Volunteer
[edit]Empire Volunteerwas a 5,319 GRT cargo ship which was built by Harbour Marine Ltd,Victoria,British Columbia.Completed in 1921 asCanadian Traveller.Sold in 1932 to Achille Lauro & Co,Naplesand renamedProcida.Seized on 10 June 1940 atCardiff.Handed over to MoWT and renamedEmpire Volunteer.Torpedoed on 15 September 1940 and sunk byU-48at56°43′N15°17′W/ 56.717°N 15.283°Wwhile a member of Convoy SC 3.[18]
Suffix beginning with W
[edit]Empire Wagtail
[edit]Empire Wagtailwas a 4,893 GRT cargo ship which was built byTodd Drydock and Construction Company,Tacoma, Washington.Completed in 1919 asOssiningfor theUnited States Shipping Board(USSB). Sold in 1932 to Gulf Pacific Mail Line Inc and renamedPoint Lobos.Operated under the management of Swayne & Hoyt Inc,San Francisco.It became the scene ofa widely reported murderwhile anchored in Alameda in 1936. To MoWT in 1941 and renamedEmpire Wagtail.Torpedoed on 28 December 1942 and sunk byU-260at43°17′N27°22′W/ 43.283°N 27.367°Wwhile a member of Convoy ONS 154.[19]
Empire Waimana
[edit]Empire Waimanawas an 8,129 GRTrefrigeratedcargo linerwhich was built by Workman, Clark & Co Ltd, Belfast. Completed in 1911 asWaimanaforShaw, Savill & Albion Line Ltd.Requisitioned as a troopship during theFirst World War.Detained atNewport News,Virginiaon 28 August 1915 as she had been armed with a 4.7-inch (120 mm) gun. Detention lasted until 22 September and the ship was only released once the gun had been dismantled and put ashore.Charteredby the Aberdeen line in 1926 and renamedHerminius.Returned to Shaw, Savill in 1932 and renamedWaimana.Laid up inGarelochin 1939. Purchased by the Admiralty and converted to a dummy battleship representingHMSResolution.To MoWT in 1942 and renamedEmpire Waimana,reconverted for trade as there was a shortage of refrigerated cargo ships. Returned to Shaw, Savill & Albion Line Ltd in 1946 and renamedWaimana.In February 1951, she towed theliberty type shipSSSan Leonardo300 nautical miles (560 km) fromCape Northumberland,South AustraliatoMelbourneafter the latter had lost her propeller. Arrived on 27 January 1952 atMilford Haven,Pembrokeshirefor scrapping.[20]
Empire Wall
[edit]Empire Wallwas the intended name of a cargo ship which was to have been built byHong Kong & Whampoa Dockyard Co Ltd,Hong Kong. Laid down on 24 June 1941. In 1945 she was 80% complete with all materials needed to complete her available. Scrapped in May 1950.[21]
Empire Wallace
[edit]Empire Wallacewas a 7,800 GRT cargo ship which was built byGreenock Dockyard Co Ltd,Greenock.Launched on 4 September 1945 and completed in February 1946. Sold in 1956 to Ben Line Steamers Ltd and renamedBenarty.Th engines were removed in 1962 at Hong Kong ready for replacement but came ashore on 1 September 1962 at Kowloon Docks duringTyphoon Wanda.Refloated on 14 September 1962, repaired and fitted with a new diesel engine. Sold in 1963 to Harbour Line Ltd,Bermudaand renamedElys Harbour.Operated under the management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Sold in 1967 to Unique Development Co Inc,Liberiaand renamedUnique Developer.Operated under the management of R Y Chen, Hong Kong. Sold in 1969 to Taboga Enterprises Inc, Panama and renamedFermenco.Chartered in 1973 by Compagnia Agropecuaria y Maritima Santa Rosa Ltd,Colombia,returning to Taboga Enterprises later that year. Sold in 1974 to Wayne Inc, Panama and renamedAvalon.Sold in 1981 to Pizano SA and renamedBahia Columbia.Operated under the management of Abella Compagnia Ltda,BarranquillaColombia. Arrived on 5 December 1988 atChittagong,Bangladeshfor scrapping.[22][23]
Empire Walter
[edit]Empire Walterwas a 244 GRT tug which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd,Hessle.Launched on 30 December 1943 and completed in March 1944. Sold in 1946 to C J King & Sons Ltd,Bristoland renamedSea Queen.Scrapped in June 1974 atGijon,Spain.[24]
Empire Wandle
[edit]Empire Wandlewas a 3,093 GRT cargo ship which was built by Flensburger Schiff- Gesellschaft. Completed in 1935 asWilhelm Traberfor W Traber & Co, Hamburg. Seized in May 1945 atBrunsbüttel.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Wandle.Allocated to the US in 1947. ToUnited States Maritime Commission(USMC) and renamedYankee Dawn.Operated under the management of William C Atwater & Co Inc,Fall River,Massachusetts.Sold in 1948 to Fall River Navigation Co, New York. Sold in 1950 to Oliver J Olsen & Co, San Francisco and renamedCynthia Olsen.Scrapped in March 1971 in the USA.[25]
Empire Wansbeck
[edit]Empire Wansbeckwas a 3,508 GRTtroopshipwhich was built byDanziger Werft AG,Danzig. Launched in 1939 as refrigerated cargo shipLinzforNorddeutscher Lloydand completed atOdense Staalskibsværft,Odense,Denmark. Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine and used as aminelayer.Seized in May 1945 atKiel Fjord.To MoWT and rebuilt as a troopship, renamedEmpire Wansbeck.Operated under the management of Wilson Line. Sold in 1962 to Kavounides Bros, Greece and renamedEsperos.Converted to a passenger ship. Withdrawn in March 1980, scrapped in 1981 in Spain.[26]
Empire Wapping
[edit]Empire Wappingwas a 2,025 GRT collier which was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 15 March 1945 and completed in May 1945. Sold in 1947 to Thomas Stone Shipping Ltd and renamedMaystone.Operated under the management of Stone & Rolfe Ltd, Swansea. Collided on 18 October 1949 withHMSAlbionand sank 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off theLongstone Lighthouse.[8]
Empire Warlock
[edit]Empire Warlockwas a 254 GRT tug which was built byFerguson Brothers Ltd,Port Glasgow. Launched on 23 July 1942 and completed in September 1942. Sold in 1947 to theEgyptian Governmentand renamedSakr.[24]
Empire Warner
[edit]Empire Warnerwas a 2,961 GRT cargo ship built byAilsa Shipbuilding Co Ltd,Troon.It was launched on 21 March 1946 asEmpire Warnerbut sold while under construction[27]and completed in June 1946 asUsksidefor Uskside Steamship Co Ltd., operated under the management of R W Jones & Co, Newport. She was sold in 1965 to N Michalos & Sons Maritime Co Ltd, Greece and renamedGero Michalos.Ran aground on 10 May 1968 in a cyclone atAkyab,Burmaand broke up. Declared a total loss.[28]
Empire Warrior
[edit]Empire Warriorwas a 1,306 GRT cargo ship which was built by Hamburg-Elbe Schiffsbau, Hamburg. Completed in 1921 asBianca.Sold in 1927 to A Kirsten, Hamburg and renamedElbe.1932 renamedBiancaagain. Captured on 20 October 1939 in theNorth SeabyHMSTransylvaniaand escorted toKirkwall,Orkney Islands.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Warrior.Damaged on 19 June 1941 by bombing offVila Real de Santo António,Portugal.Crew rescued by aMarinha Portuguesadestroyer.Atrawlerattempted to tow her to shallow water but she broke free and sank.[29]
Empire Waterhen
[edit]Empire Waterhenwas a 5,948 GRT (7,500 DWT) cargo ship which was built by Oscar Daniels Shipbuilding Co,Tampa,Florida.Completed in 1920 asManateefor the USSB. To USMC in 1937 and MoWT in 1941, renamedEmpire Waterhen.Sunk on 9 June 1944 as ablockshipas part ofGooseberry 4,Juno Beach,Courseulles,Calvados,France. Raised in 1948 and scrapped atPenarth,Glamorgan.[30]
Empire Wave
[edit]Empire Wavewas a 7,463 GRTCAM shipwhich was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd,Sunderland.Launched on 28 March 1941 and completed in July 1941. Torpedoed on 2 October 1941 and sunk byU-562at59°08′N32°26′W/ 59.133°N 32.433°Wwhile a member of Convoy ON 19.[31]
Empire Waveney
[edit]Empire Waveneywas a 16,754 GRT ocean liner which was built byBlohm & Voss,Hamburg. Completed in 1929 asMilwaukeeforHamburg America Line.Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940 and used as anaccommodation shipanddepot shipat Kiel. Bombed by theRAFto prevent her from being used as an escape ship by top-rankingNazipersonnel. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel and used by theUnited States Navyas a transport ship. Allocated to the USA but declined as her electrical system was of the single-pole type. To MoWT in October 1945 and renamedEmpire Waveney.ToLiverpoolfor a refit. Caught fire on 8 February 1946 while in drydock. Caught fire on 2 March at the Canada Dock, Liverpool, gutted and sank. Refloated on 4 May and drydocked. Declared to be a total loss. Departed on 26 January 1947 under tow bound forDalmuir,West Dunbartonshirefor breaking. Departed on 25 September 1947 under tow bound for Troon for final demolition.[26]
Empire Weaver
[edit]Empire Weaverwas a 2,822 GRT cargo ship which was built by Lübecker Flenderwerke AG, Lübeck. Completed in 1939 asDalbekfor Knorh & Burchard, Hamburg. Seized in May 1945 atRendsburg.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Weaver.Allocated in 1946 to the USSR and renamedChernigov.Scrapped in June 1969 atSplit,Yugoslavia.[26]
Empire Webster
[edit]Empire Websterwas a 7,043 GRT cargo ship which was built byShort Brothers Ltd,Sunderland. Launched on 18 July 1942 and completed in October 1942. Torpedoed on 7 February 1943 and sunk byU-77offAlgiers(36°47′N01°37′E/ 36.783°N 1.617°E) while a member of Convoy KMS 8.[32]
Empire Welfare
[edit]Empire Welfarewas a 7,083 GRT cargo ship which was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 11 November 1943 and completed in January 1944. To the French Government in 1945 and renamedMatelot Becuwe.Sold in 1949 to Société Algeriènne de Navigation and renamedMarcel Schiaffino.Operated under the management of Charles Schiaffino et Compagnie, Algiers. Sold in 1965 to Bulet,Bulgariaand renamedDesmin.Sold in 1968 to Navigation Maritime Bulgare, Bulgaria and renamedStefan Karadja.Scrapped in 1973 in Yugoslavia.
Empire Welland
[edit]Empire Wellandwas a 17,780 GRT ocean liner which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Completed in 1938 as MVPatria.Requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine. This was the ship on whichAdmiral Dönitzand the German High Command surrendered to the Allies in Flensburg. Seized, to MoWT and refitted as a troopship by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Belfast and renamedEmpire Welland.Allocated on 29 January 1946 by the Prize Court to the United Kingdom. Agreement reached with the USSR and passed to them in 1946 and renamedRossia,laterRossiya.RenamedAnivain 1985 and arrived in December 1985 atKure,Japan for scrapping.[26]
Empire Wensum
[edit]Empire Wensumwas a 2,515 GRT cargo ship which was built by Richardson, Duck & Co Ltd,Stockton on Tees.Completed in 1910 asRotherhill.Sold in 1925 to Sauber & Co, Hamburg and renamedRobert Sauber.Requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg, to MoWT and renamedEmpire Wensum.Sold in 1947 to Mooringwell Steamship Co and renamedBruce M.Sold in 1956 to Compagnia de Transportes Maritime, Panama and renamedSorengo.Scrapped in December 1966 atSpezia,Italy.[33]
Empire Wessex
[edit]Empire Wessexwas an 11,138 GRT cargo liner built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Belfast. Launched on 5 December 1945 and completed in August 1946 asPort HobartforPort Line Ltd.Scrapped in September 1970 inShanghai,China.[34]
Empire Wey
[edit]Empire Weywas a 2,645 GRT cargo ship which was built by Nakskov SKibs Akt,Nakskov,Denmark. Completed in 1944 asRobert Bornhofenfor Robert Bornhofen, Hamburg. Requisitioned on completion by the Kriegsmarine. Seized in May 1945 atCopenhagen.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Wey.Allocated in 1946 to the USSR and renamedYakutsk.Scrapped in 1970 in the USSR.[33]
Empire Whale
[edit]Empire Whalewas a 6,049 GRT cargo ship which was built byFederal Shipbuilding Co,Kearny,New Jersey.Completed in 1919 asWinona Countyfor USSB. To MoWT in 1941 and renamedEmpire Whale.Torpedoed on 29 March 1943 and sunk byU-662at46°44′N16°38′W/ 46.733°N 16.633°Wwhile a member of Convoy SL 126.[35][36]
Empire Wharfe
[edit]Empire Wharfewas a 3,072 GRT cargo ship which was built byÖresundsvarvet,Landskrona,Sweden. Completed in 1938 asViator.Sold in 1939 to H Schuldt & Co, Hamburg and renamedAngelburg.Requisitioned in 1939 by the Kriegsmarine for use as a target ship by the 24th U-boat Flotilla. Participated in theevacuationof German Forces andrefugeesfromEast Prussiato Germany in 1944–45. Seized in May 1945 and used as ahospital shipat Flensburg. To MoWT in 1946 and renamedEmpire Wharfe.Caught fire on 31 December 1946 offLagos.Arrived on 2 January 1947 at Lagos and beached inBadagryCreek. Refloated on 6 January. Repaired and sold in 1947 toElders & Fyffes Ltdand renamedZent.Scrapped in 1962 inBruges,Belgium.[33]
Empire Whimbrel
[edit]Empire Whimbrelwas a 5,983 GRT cargo ship which was built byMoore Shipbuilding Co.Oakland,California. Completed in June 1919 asMonassesfor the USSB. To MoWT in 1941 and renamedEmpire Whimbrel.Torpedoed on 11 April 1943 and sunk byU-181400 nautical miles (740 km) south south west ofFreetown,Sierra Leone(02°31′N15°55′W/ 2.517°N 15.917°W).[37]
Empire Widgeon
[edit]
Empire Widgeonwas a 6,736 GRTC3-E type shipwhich was built in theBethlehem Fore River Shipyard,Quincy,Massachusetts. Completed in August 1940 asExemplarforAmerican Export Lines.To MoWT in 1941 and renamedEmpire Widgeon.To USMC in 1942 and renamedExemplar.Conversion to a transport ship by Bethlehem Steel completed in September 1942. To US Navy asDorothea L Dix.To American Export Lines in April 1946 and renamedExemplar.Scrapped in November 1968 atAlicante,Spain.[38]
Empire Wildebeeste
[edit]
Empire Wildebeestewas a 5,631 GRT cargo ship which was built bySkinner & Eddy,Seattle.Completed in 1918 asWest Ekonkfor the USSB. Sold in 1933 toLykes Brothers-Ripley Steamship Co.To MoWT in 1941 and renamedEmpire Wildebeeste.Torpedoed on 29 September 1942 and sunk byU-596at56°20′N38°10′W/ 56.333°N 38.167°Wwhile a member of Convoy SC 100.[39]
Empire Willow
[edit]Empire Willowwas a 129 GRT tug which was built by R Dunston Ltd,Thorne.Launched on 29 May 1941 and completed in October 1941. Allocated in 1947 to thePolish Governmentand renamedĿos.Deleted from shipping registers in 1962.[40]
Empire Wilson
[edit]Empire Wilsonwas a 9,916 GRT cargo liner which was built byC Connell & Co Ltd,Glasgow. Launched on 18 August 1944 and completed in December 1944. Sold in 1946 toUnion-Castle Mail Steamship Co Ltdand renamedKenilworth Castle.Arrived on 4 June 1967 at Hong Kong for scrapping.[41]
Empire Wily
[edit]Empire Wilywas a 6,343 GRT cargo ship which was built byLithgows Ltd,Port Glasgow. Launched on 26 March 1940 asDalesmanfor T & J Harrison Ltd. Completed in May 1940. Bombed on 14 May 1941 by German aircraft atSuda Bay,Creteand sunk. Salvaged by German forces and renamedPluto.Bombed at Trieste and sunk (date unknown). Salvaged by the British in May 1945 and rebuilt at Trieste. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Wily.Returned to T & J Harrison and renamedDalesman.Arrived on 15 September 1959 atGhent,Belgium for scrapping.[33]
Empire Wind
[edit]Empire Windwas a 7,459 GRT cargo ship which was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 9 July 1940 and completed in September 1940. Bombed on 13 November 1940 by German aircraft and sank at53°48′N15°52′W/ 53.800°N 15.867°W.[31]
Empire Windrush
[edit]
Empire Windrushwas a 14,651 GRT ocean liner which was built by Blohm & Voss,Hamburg.Completed in 1930 asMonte RosaforHamburg Südamerikanische Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft,Hamburg. Requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine and used as a barracks ship atStettinuntil 1942. Later used as a troopship between Denmark and Norway. In October 1943 she was used as a repair ship forTirpitz.Resumed trooping duties in 1944 and then used as ahospital shipin connection with the evacuation of German citizens from East Prussia. Struck a mine on 15 February 1945 offHelaand was towed to Gdynia. Temporary repairs were carried out and towed with 5,600 refugees toCopenhagen.Used there as a hospital ship. Departed Copenhagen under tow on 23 June 1945 for Kiel. Allocated to the United Kingdom in August 1945.[42]
In November 1945 she was taken toJarrow,Northumberlandand laid up there until April 1946 when she was refitted as a troopship by Alex, Stephen & Sons Ltd,Glasgow.RenamedEmpire Windrushin January 1947. Arrived atTilburyin June 1948 with 500Jamaicanimmigrants, the first of the postwar immigrants into the United Kingdom. Refitted atSouthamptonbetween April and August 1950. Caught fire on 28 March 1954 32 nautical miles (59 km) offCape Caxine,Algiersand abandoned with the loss of four lives from 1,487 people aboard. Taken in tow byHMSSaintesbut sank stern first on 29 March at37°00′N02°11′E/ 37.000°N 2.183°E.[42]
Empire Winnie
[edit]Empire Winniewas a 487 GRT tug which was built byClelands (Successors) Ltd,Willington Quay-on-Tyne.Launched on 2 September 1943 and completed in January 1944. Sold in 1946 to William Watkins Ltd and renamedZealandia.Sold in 1952 toAdelaide Steamship CompanyLtd, Australia and renamedYuna.Sold in 1971 to C R Rotondella, Australia. Converted to abargein 1973 and scrapped in April 1974 atBunbury,Western Australia.[43]
Empire Wisdom
[edit]Empire Wisdomwas a 9,208 GRT refrigerated cargo liner which was built by Greenock Dock Company, Greenock. Launched on 29 July 1942 and completed in November 1942. Sold in 1946 toBlue Star Line Ltdand renamedRoyal Star.Refitted in November 1961 by Bremer Vulkan,Vegesack.A new diesel engine was fitted and renamedCaledonia Star.Arrived on 1 December 1972 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping.[44]
Empire Witham
[edit]Empire Withamwas a 1,923 GRT cargo ship which was built byJ Cockerill SA,Hoboken,Belgium. Completed in 1944 asAeolusfor Neptun Line. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Witham.Sold in 1948 to Indo-China Steam Navigation Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamedChoysang.Sold in 1961 to Hemisphere Shipping Co, Hong Kong and renamedMilford.Sold in 1967 to Continental Navigation Co, Panama and renamedSalamanca.Scrapped in May 1969 in Hong Kong.[45]
Empire Wold
[edit]Empire Woldwas a 268 GRT tug which was built byJohn Crown & Sons Ltd,Sunderland. Launched on 24 March 1942 and completed in June 1942. British records state that she was lost on 10 November 1944. Believed to have foundered at64°08′N22°38′W/ 64.133°N 22.633°Wwhile attempting to assistShirvana British tanker and Icelandic passenger ship "Godafoss" which had both been torpedoed and sunk byU-300.[46]
Empire Wolfe
[edit]Empire Wolfewas a 2,888 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool. Launched on 26 July 1941 and completed in September 1941. Sold in 1946 to Ulster Steamship Co Ltd and renamedWicklow Head.Operated under the management of G Heyn & Sons Ltd. Ran aground on 2 May 1947 at Joli Point,Port Mouton, Nova Scotia.Salvage was proposed by the ship was further damaged in storms between 8 and 12 June 1947 and was declared a constructive total loss.[47]
Empire Woodcock
[edit]Empire Woodcockwas a 5,572 GRT cargo ship which was built by theAmes Shipbuilding and Drydock Company,Seattle. Completed in November 1918 asWest Capefor the USSB. Sold in 1927 to McCormick Steamship Co. To MoWT in 1940 and renamedEmpire Woodcock.Allocated in 1942 to the Greek Government and renamedEpiros.Sold in 1948 to Zaunos, Stavrides & Cocolis, Greece. Sold in 1951 to Transworld Lines SA, Panama and renamedSan Andrea.Scrapped in January 1953 at Stockton on Tees.[48]
Empire Woodland
[edit]Empire Woodlandwas a 683 GRT dredger which was built by William Simons & Co Ltd, Greenock. Launched on 17 April 1946 and completed later that year asW 103for the Admiralty. RenamedW 32in 1948. ToMinistry of Public Buildings and Worksin 1963.[49]
Empire Woodlark
[edit]Empire Woodlarkwas a 7,793 GRT troopship which was built byNew York Shipbuilding Corp,Camden,New Jersey. Completed in July 1913 as cargo linerCongressforPacific Coast Steamship Co.Caught fire on 14 September 1916 offCrescent City, Californiaand gutted. Rebuilt at Seattle. Sold in 1918 to China Mail Steamship Co, New York and renamedNanking.Owners bankrupt in 1922 she was seized and sold by Court Order. Sold in 1923 to Pacific Steamship Co Inc, Seattle and renamedEmma Alexander.To MoWT in 1940 and refitted as a troopship. RenamedEmpire Woodlarkin 1942. Scuttled on 2 November 1946 north of theHebrides(59°00′N07°40′W/ 59.000°N 7.667°W) with a cargo of obsolete chemical ammunition.[50]
Empire Wordsworth
[edit]Empire Wordsworthwas a 9,891 GRT tanker which was built by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 29 May 1942 and completed in September 1942. Sold in 1945 to British Tanker Co Ltd and renamedBritish Lancer.Arrived on 10 September 1960 atBriton Ferry,Glamorgan for scrapping.[51]
Empire Worthtown
[edit]Empire Worthtownwas an 805 GRT cargo ship which was built by J Lewins & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen. Launched in 1939 asWorthtownfor Williamstown Shipping Co. Ltd., London. Bombed and sunk at Dunkerque on 27 May 1940. Salvaged by the Germans in November 1942. Repaired and to Schulte & Bruns, Emden, renamedIlse Schulte.Seized as a prize in May 1945. To MoWT, renamedEmpire Worthtown.Sold in 1946 to Comben Longstaff & Co. Ltd, renamedGlamorganbrook.Sprang a leak and sank off Scarborugh on 11 October 1946.[45]
Empire Wrestler
[edit]Empire Wrestlerwas a 797 GRTcoastal tankerwhich was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 22 May 1943 and completed in July 1943. Sold in 1946 to Anglo-American Oil Co Ltd and renamedEsso Genesee.Sold in 1951 toEsso Petroleum Co Ltd.Scrapped in 1961 atTamise,Belgium.[52]
Empire Wycliff
[edit]Empire Wycliffwas a 6,066 GRT cargo ship which was built by Short Brothers Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 28 July 1941 and completed in September 1941. Sold in 1946 to North Shipping Co and renamedNorth Anglia.Operated under the management of H Roberts & Sons Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Sold in 1960 to Mariner Shipping Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamedHappy Mariner.Scrapped in March 1967 atHirohata,Japan.[53]
Empire Wye
[edit]Empire Wyewas a 6,446 GRT cargo ship which was built by Bremer Vulkan Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Vegesack. Launched in 1944 asEsmeraldafor Hamburg Südamerikanische Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft, Hamburg. Completed in 1945 by Nederland Scheepsvaart,Amsterdam.Seized in May 1945 on theKiel Canal.To MoWT and renamedEmpire Wye.Sold in 1947 to Indo-China Steam Navigation Co Ltd and renamedEastern Saga.Sold in 1968 to Southern Shipping & Enterprise Co, Hong Kong and renamedNanfung.Sold in 1972 to Yick Fung Shipping & Entreprise Co, Hong Kong and renamedNan Fung.Scrapped in 1975 in China.[45]
Suffix beginning with Y
[edit]Empire Yare
[edit]Empire Yarewas a 4,701 GRT ocean liner built byReiherstieg Schiffswerfte & Maschinenfabrik,Hamburg. Completed in 1922 asWadaifor Woermann Line, Hamburg. Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1939, used as an accommodation ship, school ship and then a target ship. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Yare.Allocated in 1946 to the USSR and renamedGogol.Converted to a fisheries training ship and based atPetropavlosk.Scrapped in 1971.[45]
Empire Yukon
[edit]
Empire Yukonwas a 7,651 GRT cargo liner built by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, Trieste, Completed in 1921 asDuchessa D’Aostafor Lloyd Triestino, Trieste. Captured duringOperation Postmasteron 14 January 1942 by the SOE and Royal Navy offFernando Po,Spanish Guineaand reflagged to the United Kingdom. Caught fire on 13 July 1942 atGreenockand sank. Refloated on 22 July 1942 and repaired. To MoWT and renamedEmpire Yukon.Allocated in 1946 to theCanadian Government.Sold in 1947 to Petrinovic & Co, London and renamedPetconnie.Sold in 1951 to C.O.C. Società per Azioni, Italy and renamedLiu O.Scrapped in November 1952 at Spezia, Italy.[29]
Suffix beginning with Z
[edit]Empire Zeal
[edit]Empire Zealwas a 7,009 GRT cargo ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 29 December 1941 and completed in March 1942. Torpedoed on 2 November 1942 and sunk byItalian submarineLeonardo da Vinciat00°30′S30°45′W/ 0.500°S 30.750°W.[54]
Empire Zephyr
[edit]Empire Zephyrwas a 6,237 GRT cargo ship which was built by C Connell & Co Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 2 March 1941 and completed in April 1941. Sold in 1946 to Kelston Steamship co Ltd and renamedValewood.Operated under the management of J I Jacobs & Co Ltd. Sold in 1949 to Ampleforth Steamship Co Ltd and renamedAmpleforth.Operated under the management of C Cravos & Co, Cardiff. Arrived on 12 August 1959 at Port Glasgow for scrapping.[55]
Empire Zest
[edit]Empire Zestwas a 316 GRTtrawlerwhich was built by Gebroeders Fikkers,Muntendam,Netherlands. Launched in 1918 asAmsterdam.Sold in 1938 to J L de Groot, Netherlands and renamedZeester.Requisitioned by MoWT in 1940 and renamedEmpire Zest.Transferred to the Admiralty in 1957 and reported disposed of in 1962.[56]
Empire Zona
[edit]Empire Zonawas a 292 GRT tug which was built byFleming and FergusonofPaisley.Launched on 26 October 1945 and completed in February 1946. To the Admiralty in 1946, renamedResolvein 1959. Sold in 1974 to L Matsas, Greece and renamedGeorgios L Matsas.[57]
References
[edit]- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 65.
- ^abMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 442.
- ^abcdefMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 473.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 351.
- ^abMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 398.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 198.
- ^abMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 209.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 153.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 324.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 192.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,pp. 473–74.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 140.
- ^abcdefgMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 474.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 208.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 311.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 20.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,pp. 442–43.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 409.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,pp. 398–99.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 126.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 193.
- ^Additional material incorporated from"1169527".Miramar Ship Index.Retrieved30 April2009.
- ^abMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 318.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,pp. 474–75.
- ^abcdMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 475.
- ^"USKSIDE".Scottish Built Ships.Retrieved4 July2018.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 200.
- ^abMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 443.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 416.
- ^abMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 118.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 108.
- ^abcdMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 476.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 184.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 417.
- ^Additional material incorporated from"2218851".Miramar Ship Index.Retrieved30 April2009.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 410.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 429.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 408.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 327.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 187.
- ^abMitchell & Sawyer 1990,pp. 476–77.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 304.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 183.
- ^abcdMitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 477.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 316.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 195.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 402.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 352.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 423.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 147.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 279.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 107.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 87.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 44.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 399.
- ^Mitchell & Sawyer 1990,p. 326.
Sources
[edit]- Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990).The Empire Ships(Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd.ISBN1-85044-275-4.