List of Indigenous peoples of Taiwan

Families of Formosan languages before Chinese colonization, per Blust.Malayo-Polynesian (red) may lie within Eastern Formosan (purple). Note that the white section in the northwest of the country does not indicate a complete absence of aboriginal people from that part of Taiwan.

Young residents in the Bunun village of Lona, Taiwan dress up for the traditional Christmas holiday (not anofficial holiday in Taiwan).

Traditionally, theTaiwanese indigenous peoplesare usually classified into two groups by their places of residence. Languages and cultures of aboriginal tribes were recorded by the government ofDutch Formosa,Spanish Formosaand theQing Empire.

Name	Chinese	Hokkien	Hakka	Japanese(1935–1945)
Mountains indigenous peoples	Dân tộc Cao Sơn	Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍k	Kô-sân-chhu̍k	Cao sa tộc ( たかさごぞく, Takasago-zoku )
Plains indigenous peoples	Bình bộ tộc	Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k	Phìn-phû-chhu̍k	Bình bộ tộc ( へいほぞく, Heiho-zoku )

Research on ethnic groups ofTaiwanese indigenous peoplesstarted in late 19th century, whenTaiwanwasunder Japanese rule.The Government of Taiwan(Đài Loan Tổng đốc phủ,Taiwan Sōtokufu)conducted large amount of research and further distinguished the ethnic groups ofTaiwanese indigenous peoplesby linguistics (seeFormosan languages). After the research, the household registration records remarks of "mountains/plains indigenous peoples". The governmental statistics also listed 9 recognized subgroups under mountains indigenous peoples. However, afterWorld War II,the government refused to recognize theplains indigenous peoples.

The following is a list of classifications throughJapaneseandpost World War II.Note that the Japanese names in parentheses does not exist in pre-World War II Japanese demographic research.

Mountains indigenous peoples

The Taiwanese government officially recognises 16 ethnic groups of mountains indigenous peoples.

Name	Formosan native name	Chinese (after 1945)	Japanese (before 1945)	Notes
Amis	Pangcah, 'Amis	A mỹ tộc	アミ tộc, A Mi tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era
Atayal	Tayal, Tayan	Thái nhã tộc	タイヤル tộc, đại sao tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era
Bunun	Bunun	Bố nông tộc	ブヌン tộc, ヴォヌム tộc, võ luân tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era
Kanakanavu	Kanakanavu	Tạp kia tạp kia phú tộc	カナカナブ tộc	Classified asTsou,recognized since 2014
Kavalan	Kebalan, Kbaran	Cát mã lan tộc, thêm lễ uyển tộc	カバラン tộc	Classified asAmis,recognized since 2002
Paiwan	Kacalisian	Bài loan tộc	パイワン tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era
Puyuma	Pinuyumayan	Ti nam tộc, so nỗ ưu mã dạng tộc	プユマ tộc, bưu mã tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era
Rukai	Drekay	Lỗ khải tộc	ルカイ tộc, ツァリセン tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era
Saaroa	Hla'alua	Kéo A Lỗ oa tộc	サアロア tộc, bốn xã sinh phiên	Classified asTsou,recognized since 2014
Saisiyat	Say-Siyat	Tái hạ tộc, sư thiết tộc	サイシャット tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era
Sakizaya	Sakizaya	Rải kỳ lai nhã tộc, kỳ lai tộc	( サキザヤ tộc )	Classified asAmis,recognized since 2007
Seediq	Seediq	Tái đức khắc tộc	セデック tộc, sa tích tộc	Classified asAtayal,recognized since 2008
Taroko	Truku	Quá lỗ các tộc	( タロコ tộc )	Classified asAtayal,recognized since 2004
Thao	Thao, Ngan	Thiệu tộc, thủy sa liền tộc	サオ tộc	Classified asTsou,recognized since 2001
Tsou	Cou	Trâu tộc, tào tộc	ツォウ tộc, tân cao tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era
Yami	Tao	Đạt ngộ tộc, nhã mỹ tộc	ヤミ tộc	Recognized sinceJapanese era

KavalanandThaoare disputed to be part of mountains or plains indigenous peoples.

Plains indigenous peoples

Cultures of theplains indigenous peopleshave undergone heavySinicization.This increases the difficulty in identifying ethnic groups.

Name	Formosan native name	Chinese (after 1945)	Japanese (before 1945)	Notes
Arikun	Arikun	A Lập côn tộc	アリクン tộc	Sometimes classified asHoanya
Babuza	Babuza, Poavasa	Miêu sương mù 拺 tộc, ba bố tát tộc	バブザ tộc
Basay	Basay, Basai	Ba tái tộc, mã tắc tộc	( バサイ tộc )	Sometimes classified asKetagalan
Hoanya	Hoanya	Hồng nhã tộc, cùng an nhã tộc, hà an gia tộc	ホアニヤ tộc	Sometimes split intoLloaandArikun
Kaxabu	Kaxabu, Kahapu	Cát ha Vu tộc	( カハブ tộc )	Sometimes classified asPazeh.Inrevitalization.
Ketagalan	Ketagalan	Khải Đạt cách lan tộc	ケタガラン tộc
Kulon	Kulon	Quy luân tộc	( クーロン tộc )
Lloa	Lloa	La á tộc, lỗ la a tộc	ロッア tộc	Sometimes classifiedHoanya
Luilang	Luilang	Lôi lãng tộc	ルイラン tộc	Sometimes classified asKetagalan
Makatao	Makatao, Tao	Mã tạp nói tộc	マカット tộc, タッオ tộc	Sometimes classified asSiraya.Recognized inPingtung.Inrevitalization.
Papora	Papora, Vupuran	Chụp thác nước kéo tộc, ba bố kéo tộc, ba sóng kéo tộc	パポラ tộc
Pazeh	Pazéh, Pazih	Ba tể tộc, ba tắc hải tộc, chụp tể hải tộc	パゼッヘ tộc	Inrevitalization.
Qauqaut	Qauqaut	Hầu hầu tộc	(カウカット tộc )
Siraya	Siraya	Tây kéo nhã tộc, hi lai gia tộc	シラヤ tộc	Recognized inTainanandFuli.Inrevitalization.
Taivoan	Taivoan, Taivuan	Đại võ lũng tộc, đại mãn tộc	( タイボアン tộc )	Sometimes classified asSiraya.Recognized inFuli.Inrevitalization.
Taokas	Taokas	Nói tạp tư tộc, đấu cát tộc, đại giáp tộc	タオカス tộc	Inrevitalization.
Favorlang	Favorlang, Vavorolang	Đuôi cọp luống tộc, phí Phật lãng tộc, hoa võ luống tộc, pháp Ba Lan tộc, pháp Phật lãng tộc	ファボラン tộc
Trobiawan	Trobiawan, TuRbuan	Đa la mỹ xa tộc, đa bày ra an tộc	(トルビアワン tộc )	Sometimes classified asKetagalan

See also

• Taiwanese people
• Taiwanese indigenous peoples
• Demographics of Taiwan
• Culture of Taiwan
• Languages of Taiwan
• Formosan languages