List of Iranian artifacts abroad

List of Iranian artifacts abroadis a list ofIranian and Persian antiquitiesoutside Iran, especially in museums.^[1]^[2]^[3]Most of these were found outside modernIran,in parts of the formerPersian Empire,or places influenced by it.

Neighbors of Iran during the Achaemenid period

Afghanistan

Tillya Tepeoften known as theBactrian goldis a collection of about 20,600 ornaments, coins and other kinds of artifacts, made of gold, silver, ivory etc., that were found in six burial mounds (five women and one man) with extremely rich jewelry, dated to around the 1st century BCE-1st century CE.^[4]The ornaments includenecklacesset with semi-precious stones,belts,medallionsand acrown.After its discovery, the hoard went missing during the wars in Afghanistan, until it was "rediscovered" and first brought to public attention again in 2003. The heavily fortified town ofYemshi Tepe,just five kilometres to the northeast of modern Sheberghan on the road toAkcha,is only half a kilometre from the now-famous necropolis of Tillia-tepe.[1]
Buddhas of BamiyanFor half a century, through war, anarchy and upheaval, Afghanistan has been stripped of tens of thousands of Buddhist and Hindu antiquities, 33 of those antiquities, were handed over to the Afghan ambassador,at a ceremony in New York.

The artifacts were part of a hoard of 2,500 objects seized in a dozen raids between 2012 and 2014 from Subhash Kapoor, a disgraced Manhattan art dealer currently jailed in India on smuggling and theft charges.[2]

Gallery

AphroditeandEros.Tomb II, Tillia tepe.
Statuette of winged figurine
Cloth decorations.
Bracelets.
Decorative stars. Tomb I.
Amoriniriding on fish, Tillia tepe. Tomb II.
Rings from Tillia tepe; the left one represents a seatedAthena.Tomb II.
Necklace. Tomb II.
"Kings with dragons". Tomb II.
Men in armor, in Greek fighting gear. Tomb III.
"Akinakes"polylobed decorated daggers. Tomb IV.
DyonisosandAriadneriding a lion. Tomb VI.

Anatolia (Turkey)

Xerxes I inscription at Van^[5]is a trilingualcuneiform inscriptionof theAchaemenidKingXerxes I(r. 486–465 BC).^[6]^[7]is located on the southern slope of a mountain adjacent to theVan Fortress,nearLake Vanin present-dayTurkey.^[7]When inscribed it was located in theAchaemenid province of Armenia.^[6]The inscription is inscribed on a smoothed section of the rock face near the fortress, approximately 20 metres (70 feet) above the ground. The niche was originally carved out by Xerxes' father,King Darius(r. 522–486 BC), but he left the surface blank.^[8]^[7]

A Persian city unearthed During theOluz Höyükexcavations in Amasya, column bases of a 2 thousand 500-year-old palace from the Persian period were unearthed. which reflects the Persian cultural character in terms of architecture, pottery and small finds, is divided into two main phases A and B. The head of the excavation, Professor of Archeology at Istanbul University, stated that they deepened the work after finding the remains of the city's road, mansion and fire temple. Dr. Şevket Dönmez said, “For the first time this year, a colonnaded reception hall called 'Apadana', a throne hall, and an executive hall began to come to light. We are just at the beginning of the excavations. But even the current findings are very exciting,” he said.Emphasizing that the finds are very important in terms of Anatolian Iron Age history, Anatolian Ancient history and Persian archeology, Prof. Dr. Dönmez said, “Very important findings that identify and make it unique. Currently 6 column We have revealed the pedestal. Prof. Dr. Dönmez said," Before we started the excavation, we did not know what such a Persian city we would find. Neither such a temple, nor such a reception hall. We did not guess anything. We would just dig an ordinary Central Anatolian mound and solve the problems of Iron Age culture by ourselves. Believe it now, the whole world has begun to follow Oluz Höyük. I think that after Göbeklitepe, Anatolia started to become a very important center that changed the history of religion in Anatolia.[3]

Tbilisi

Atashgah’. It means ‘place of fire’ and its use is usually associated with Zoroastrian fire temples. The history of the Atashgah in the capital city ofTbilisigoes back to the 5th or 6th century, when Persia was ruled by the Sasanian dynasty, of which Georgia was a part. [4] Also Treasure of Persian Manuscripts atDagestanScientific Centre.

Europe and the United States

TheMetropolitan Museum of Artdisplays ancient Persian artifacts. Among the oldest items on display are dozens of clay bowls, jugs and engraved coins dating back 3,500 years and formerly housed in the University of Chicago's famed Oriental Institute.^[9]

United Kingdom– Museums inUKhave many Persian artifacts among themBritish Museum

TheCyrus Cylinderis an ancient clay cylinder, now broken into several pieces, on which is written a declaration inAkkadian cuneiform scriptin the name ofPersia'sAchaemenidkingCyrus the Great.^[10]^[8]It dates from the 6th century BC and was discovered in the ruins ofBabyloninMesopotamia(modernIraq) in 1879.^[10]It was created and used as afoundation depositfollowing thePersian conquestofBabylonin 539 BC, when theNeo-Babylonian Empirewas invaded by Cyrus and incorporated into his own empire. It is currently in the possession of theBritish Museum,which sponsored the expedition that discovered the cylinder.

France:TheLouvre's department of Near Eastern antiquities was established in 1881 and presents an overview of early Near Eastern civilization and "first settlements", before the arrival ofIslam.The department is divided into three geographic areas: theLevant,Mesopotamia(Iraq), and Persia (Iran). The collection's development corresponds to archaeological work such asPaul-Émile Botta's 1843 expedition toKhorsabadand the discovery ofSargon II's palace.^[11]^[12]These finds formed the basis of the Assyrian museum, the precursor to today's department.^[11]

The museum contains exhibits fromSumerand the city ofAkkad,with monuments such as the Prince of Lagash'sStele of the Vulturesfrom 2450 BC and thesteleerected byNaram-Sin,King of Akkad, to celebrate a victory over barbarians in theZagros Mountains.The 2.25-metre (7.38 ft)Code of Hammurabi,discovered in 1901, displaysBabylonian Lawsprominently, so that no man could plead their ignorance. The 18th-century BC mural of theInvestiture of Zimrilimand the 25th-century BCStatue of Ebih-Ilfound in the ancient city-state ofMariare also on display at the museum.^{[citation needed]} The Persian portion of Louvre contains work from the archaic period, like theFunerary Headand the PersianArchers of Darius I.^[11]^[13]The section also contains rare objects fromPersepoliswhich were lent to the British Museum for its Ancient Persia exhibition in 2005.^[3]

Oxus treasure

TheOxus treasure(Persian:گنجینه آمودریا) is a collection of about 180 surviving pieces of metalwork in gold and silver, the majority rather small, plus perhaps about 200 coins, all from the Achaemenid Persian period. The collection was found by theOxus Riversometime between 1877 and 1880.^[14]The exact place of the find remains unclear but is often proposed as being nearKobadiyan,Tajikistan.^[15]It is likely that many other pieces from the hoard were melted down for bullion; early reports suggest there were originally some 1500 coins and mention types of metalwork that are not among the surviving pieces. The metalwork is believed to date from the sixth to fourth centuries BC, but the coins show a greater range, with some of those believed to belong to the treasure coming from around 200 BC.^[16]The most likely origin for the treasure is that it belonged to a temple, wherevotive offeringswere deposited over a long period. How it came to be deposited is unknown.^[17]

The British Museum now has nearly all the surviving metalwork, with one of the pair of griffin-headed bracelets on loan from theVictoria and Albert Museum,and displays them in Room 52. The group arrived at the museum by different routes, with many items bequeathed to the nation byAugustus Wollaston Franks.The coins are more widely dispersed, and more difficult to firmly connect with the treasure. A group believed to come from it is in theHermitage MuseuminSaint Petersburg,and other collections have examples.^[18]

Japan

TheMiho Museumhouses Mihoko Koyama's private collection of Asian Achaemenid, Sassanid and Western antiques bought on the world market by the Shumei organization in the years before the museum was opened in 1997. There are over two thousand pieces in the permanent collection, of which approximately 250 are displayed at any one time.^[19]Among the objects in the collection are more than 1,200 objects that appear to have been produced in Achaemenid Central Asia.^[20]Some scholars have claimed these objects are part of the Oxus Treasure, lost shortly after its discovery in 1877 and rediscovered inAfghanistanin 1993.^[21]The presence of a unique findspot for both the Miho acquisitions and the British Museum's material, however, has been challenged.^[22]

TheTokyo National Museumpreserves a variety of Iranian antiquities and works of art, including pottery, paintings, calligraphy, metalwork, sculpture, inlaid pottery and textiles.[5][6].

Gallery

Proto-Elamite cylinder seal (Louvre Museum)
Orant figure of Susa IV (Louvre Museum)
Carnelianbeads (Louvre Museum)
Weight in veinedjasper(Louvre Museum)
Iranian male royal figure (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
Persian objects (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
Artifacts ofTall-i BakuninUniversity of Chicago Oriental Institute

Notes

^"Persian-antiquities-found-in-almost-all-museums-worldwide".Tehran times. 2014.Retrieved20 November2020.
^"Iranian artifacts Abroad".parssea.org. 2018. Archived from [http:/parssea.org/?p=8974 the original] on 2018-08-31.Retrieved12 November2020.{{cite news}}:Check|url=value (help)
^^a ^b"Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia".University of California Press. 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 9 November 2011.Retrieved12 November2007.
^Srinivasan, Doris (2007).On the Cusp of an Era: Art in the Pre-Kuṣāṇa World.BRILL. p. 16.ISBN 9789004154513.
^Dusinberre 2013,p. xxi.
^^a ^bDusinberre 2013,p. 51.
^^a ^b ^cKhatchadourian 2016,p. 151.
^^a ^bKuhrt (2007),pp. 70, 72, 301
^Persian art in the collection of the Museum of Oriental Art,WorldCat
^^a ^bDandamayev, (2010-01-26)
^^a ^b ^cNave, pp. 42–43
^Mignot, pp. 119–21
^"Decorative Arts".Musée du Louvre. Archived fromthe originalon 20 October 2007.Retrieved20 May2008.
^Curtis, 5
^"East of Termez, on the Kafirnigan River, on the territory of Tajikistan, lies the small town ofKobadiyan,near which was found in the late 1870s one of the most famous treasures of all time, the so-called treasure of Oxus. "inKnobloch, Edgar (2001).Monuments of Central Asia: A Guide to the Archaeology, Art and Architecture of Turkestan.Bloomsbury Academic. p. 150.ISBN 978-1-86064-590-7.
^Curtis, 48, 57-58
^Curtis, 58-61
^Curtis, 48
^Reif, Rita (16 August 1998)."ARTS/ARTIFACTS; A Japanese Vision of the Ancient World".The New York Times.Retrieved13 August2010.
^Curtis, John (1 September 2004). "The Oxus Treasure in the British Museum".Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia.10(3): 334.doi:10.1163/1570057042596397.
^Southampton, Kathy Judelson; Pichikyan, I.R. (1 January 1998). "Rebirth of the Oxus Treasure: Second Part of the Oxus Treasure From the Miho Museum Collection".Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia.4(4): 306–383 [308–309].doi:10.1163/157005797X00126.
^Muscarella, Oscar White (1 November 2003). "Museum Constructions of the Oxus Treasures: Forgeries of Provenience and Ancient Culture".Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia.9(3): 259–275.doi:10.1163/157005703770961778.

References

5,000 years of Iranian culture showcased,BN Goswamy[7]
[8]
[9]
Iranian Artifacts Abroad[10]

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[1] "Persian-antiquities-found-in-almost-all-museums-worldwide".Tehran times. 2014.Retrieved20 November2020.

[2] "Iranian artifacts Abroad".parssea.org. 2018. Archived from [http:/parssea.org/?p=8974 the original] on 2018-08-31.Retrieved12 November2020.{{cite news}}:Check|url=value (help)

[University_of_California_Press-3] "Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia".University of California Press. 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 9 November 2011.Retrieved12 November2007.

[4] Srinivasan, Doris (2007).On the Cusp of an Era: Art in the Pre-Kuṣāṇa World.BRILL. p. 16.ISBN 9789004154513.

[FOOTNOTEDusinberre2013xxi-5] Dusinberre 2013,p. xxi.

[FOOTNOTEDusinberre201351-6] Dusinberre 2013,p. 51.

[FOOTNOTEKhatchadourian2016151-7] Khatchadourian 2016,p. 151.

[Kuhrt-2007a-8] Kuhrt (2007),pp. 70, 72, 301

[9] Persian art in the collection of the Museum of Oriental Art,WorldCat

[Dandamayev-Cylinder-10] Dandamayev, (2010-01-26)

[Nave_42-11] Nave, pp. 42–43

[Mignot_119-12] Mignot, pp. 119–21

[Near_East-13] "Decorative Arts".Musée du Louvre. Archived fromthe originalon 20 October 2007.Retrieved20 May2008.

[14] Curtis, 5

[15] "East of Termez, on the Kafirnigan River, on the territory of Tajikistan, lies the small town ofKobadiyan,near which was found in the late 1870s one of the most famous treasures of all time, the so-called treasure of Oxus. "inKnobloch, Edgar (2001).Monuments of Central Asia: A Guide to the Archaeology, Art and Architecture of Turkestan.Bloomsbury Academic. p. 150.ISBN 978-1-86064-590-7.

[16] Curtis, 48, 57-58

[17] Curtis, 58-61

[18] Curtis, 48

[nyt-reif-19] Reif, Rita (16 August 1998)."ARTS/ARTIFACTS; A Japanese Vision of the Ancient World".The New York Times.Retrieved13 August2010.

[20] Curtis, John (1 September 2004). "The Oxus Treasure in the British Museum".Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia.10(3): 334.doi:10.1163/1570057042596397.

[21] Southampton, Kathy Judelson; Pichikyan, I.R. (1 January 1998). "Rebirth of the Oxus Treasure: Second Part of the Oxus Treasure From the Miho Museum Collection".Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia.4(4): 306–383 [308–309].doi:10.1163/157005797X00126.

[22] Muscarella, Oscar White (1 November 2003). "Museum Constructions of the Oxus Treasures: Forgeries of Provenience and Ancient Culture".Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia.9(3): 259–275.doi:10.1163/157005703770961778.

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[22]

v t e Achaemenid Empire
History	Family tree Timeline History of democracy
Art	Achaemenid Persian Lion Rhyton Oxus Treasure Achaemenid coinage Apadana hoard Danake Daric
Architecture	Persepolis Apadana Gate of All Nations Tachara Palace of Darius in Susa Tomb of Cyrus Persian column Naqsh-e Rostam Ka'ba-ye Zartosht Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Tombs at Xanthos Harpy Tomb Nereid Monument Tomb of Payava
Culture	Achaemenid music Old Persian cuneiform Old Persian Behistun Inscription Xerxes I's inscription at Van Ganjnameh Cyrus Cylinder
Warfare	Persian Revolt Battle of Hyrba Battle of the Persian Border Lydian-Persian Wars Battle of Pteria Battle of Thymbra Siege of Sardis (547 BC) Battle of Opis Conquest of the Indus Valley First conquest of Egypt Scythian campaign of Darius I Greco-Persian Wars Ionian Revolt Siege of Naxos (499 BC) Battle of Lade Siege of Eretria Battle of Marathon Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Artemisium Destruction of Athens Battle of Salamis Battle of Plataea Battle of Mycale Babylonian revolts Wars of the Delian League Battle of the Eurymedon Peloponnesian War Battle of Cyzicus Battle of Cunaxa Corinthian War Battle of Cnidus Great Satraps' Revolt Second conquest of Egypt Wars of Alexander the Great Battle of the Granicus Siege of Miletus Siege of Halicarnassus Battle of Issus Siege of Tyre (332 BC) Siege of Gaza Battle of Gaugamela Battle of the Persian Gate
Diplomacy	Earth and water Peace of Callias Peace of Antalcidas
Administration	Capitals Pasargadae Ecbatana Babylon Susa Satrapies Armenia Districts of the Empire Persepolis Administrative Archives Royal Road Chapar Khaneh Angarium Angarum
Dynasties	Achaemenid Pharnacid Mithridatic Pontus Ariarathid Cappadocia Lygdamid Caria Orontid Armenia Seven Achaemenid clans
Related	2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire Xanthian Obelisk Cappadocian calendar

Neighbors of Iran during the Achaemenid period

Afghanistan

Gallery

Anatolia (Turkey)

Tbilisi

Europe and the United States

Oxus treasure

Japan

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography