List of current heads of state and government
This is alist of current heads of state and heads of government.In some cases, mainly inpresidential systems,one leader ishead of stateandhead of government.In other cases, mainly insemi-presidentialandparliamentary systems,the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e.executive branch) is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.
Inone-party states,theruling party's leader (i.e.General Secretary) is usually thede factotop leaderof the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In some countries likeAndorraandVatican City(Holy See), aclergymember also acts as the head of state for both countries (Bishop of Urgell asCo-Prince of Andorraand thePope) and head of government for the latter (President of the Governorate of Vatican City State).
The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, aspresidents-electandprime ministers-designate,and those leading agovernment in exileif internationally recognised.
Member and observer states of the United Nations
| Colour key |
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Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer theexecutiveof their respective state/government.
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Blue cells indicatede factoexecutive branch leaders whose offices lackde jureconstitutional power.
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- Note:Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at§ Notes.
Other states
The following states are infree associationwith another UN member state.
The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Somaliland
|
 Somalia
|
President–Muse Bihi Abdi | |
 Transnistria
|
 Moldova
|
President–Vadim Krasnoselsky | Prime Minister–Aleksander Rozenberg |
Other governments
These alternative governments control part of their territory and are recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Government of National Stability
|
Libya
|
Supreme Commander of theLibyan National Army–Khalifa Haftar | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council–Mohamed al-Menfi[ξ] | ActingPrime Minister–Osama Hammad[16] | ||
 Hamas government in Gaza
|
 Palestine
|
HamasChief in theGaza Strip–Yahya Sinwar | |
| President–Mahmoud Abbas[ο] | Head of the Government Administrative Committee–Essam al-Da'alis | ||
 National Unity Government
|
Myanmar
|
Acting President –Duwa Lashi La | Prime Minister –Mahn Win Khaing Than |
 Syrian Salvation Government
|
 Syria
|
Commander-in-Chief ofTahrir al-Sham–Abu Mohammad al-Julani[17] | |
| President of the General Shura Council –Mustafa al-Mousa | Prime Minister –Ali Keda | ||
These alternative governments do not control their territory but are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Coordination Council
|
 Belarus
|
President and Head of theCabinet–Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | |
 National Assembly (2015)
|
Venezuela
|
President of the National Assembly–Dinorah Figuera[18] | |
Sui generisentities
See also
- President of the Republic
- List of countries by system of government
- List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
- List of current interior ministers
- List of current foreign ministers
- List of current finance ministers
- List of current defence ministers
- List of current legislatures
- List of current presidents of legislatures
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- List of leaders of dependent territories
- List of oldest living state leaders
- List of national governments
- Lists of state leaders
- Lists of state leaders by century
- List of state leaders in the 21st century
- List of state leaders in 2024
Notes
- ^abThePresident of Franceand the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
- ^abcdefghijklmnCharles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as theCommonwealth realms.In each of these states (with the exception of theUnited Kingdom,where he permanently resides), he is represented at the national level by agovernor-general.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzIn this state, thepresidentis both head of state and head of government; the office ofprime ministermay exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the KyrgyzstaniChairman of the Cabinet of Ministers,the PeruvianPresident of the Council of Ministers,or the Sierra LeoneanChief Minister.
- ^The high representative is an international civilian overseer of theDayton Agreementwith authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation.
- ^The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
- ^The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until February 7, 2026, whichever comes first. The presidency has been vacant since theassassination of Jovenel Moïsein 2021.[4][5][6][7]
- ^According to articles 89 to 91 of theConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran,the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
- ^Theconstitution of Japandoes not define a formalhead of state,but theEmperorby unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role.
- ^abTheGovernor-General of New Zealandand the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person.
- ^abThe Captain Regent representing the party with a plurality of seats in the legislature of San Marino, theGrand and General Council,exercises more legislative power than the Captain Regent belonging to the opposition.
- ^The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration.While the council was intended to be aunity governmentincorporating civilian and military elements that usedconsensus decision making,Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of theSudanese Armed Forces,has monopolized power.[9][10][11]
- ^The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in aprimus inter parescapacity for one year.
- ^abCharles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity asKing in Right of New Zealand.He is represented in each of these states by a King's Representative.
- ^Al-Menfi is also considered head of state by the internationally-recognizedGovernment of National Unity.Hamada is disputing the premiership ofAbdul Hamid Dbeibeh,with the backing of theHouse of Representativesand theLibyan National Army.
- ^Internationally-recognized president also recognized by Hamas since thePalestinian Unity Government of June 2014
References
- ^Rudenka, Arsien (16 April 2024)."У Беларусі фармуецца УНС. Топ-7 простых пытанняў пра новы дзяржаўны орган"[The ABPA is being formed in Belarus: Top 7 simple questions about the new state organ].Belsat TV(in Belarusian).Retrieved12 May2024.
- ^Cai, Derek;Head, Jonathan(7 August 2023)."Cambodia: PM's son Hun Manet appointed next ruler in royal formality".Singapore:BBC News.Retrieved7 August2023.
Hun Sen will however retain leadership of the ruling Cambodian People's Party - a position political analysts say still gives him ultimate control.
•Murphy, Matt (6 August 2023)."Hun Sen: Cambodia election result confirms expected win for PM".BBC News.Retrieved7 August2023.[Hun Sen] is expected to become president of the Senate early next year and will serve as acting head of state when King Norodom Sihamoni is abroad.
- ^"General Nguema appointed transitional president of Gabon following coup".Anadolu Agency.Kigali.30 August 2023.Retrieved31 August2023.
- ^"Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012"(PDF).Constitute Project.Retrieved20 May2023.
- ^Fatton, Robert (23 July 2021)."Will Haitians get the chance to determine their future — without foreign interference?".The Washington Post.Retrieved20 May2023.
On Tuesday, Henry was sworn in, pledging to hold new elections in 120 days. For now, Haiti has no president[...].
- ^Sullivan, Becky (18 January 2023)."As its only remaining elected officials depart, Haiti reaches a breaking point".NPR.Retrieved20 May2023.
The constitutional mandate of Haiti's de facto ruler, Prime Minister Ariel Henry — which some viewed as questionable from the start, as he was never technically sworn in — ended more than a year ago. The country has had no president since its last one, Jovenel Moïse, was assassinated in 2021.
- ^Mendonca, Duarte (25 April 2024)."Haiti's prime minister resigns as council sworn in to lead political transition in violence-ravaged nation".CNN.Retrieved25 April2024.
- ^"Niger military names 21-person cabinet ahead of key West African summit".Al Jazeera.10 August 2023.Retrieved14 August2023.
- ^"Sudan's Constitution of 2019"(PDF).Retrieved23 March2023.
- ^"Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy".Al Jazeera.22 November 2021.Retrieved22 March2023.
The 14-point deal between Hamdok and the military, signed in the presidential palace in Khartoum on Sunday, also provides for the release of all political prisoners detained during the coup and stipulates that a 2019 constitutional declaration be the basis for a political transition, according to details read out on state television.
- ^Olewe, Dickens (20 February 2023)."Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake".BBC News.Retrieved23 March2023.
- ^"Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council".Radio Dabanga.Khartoum.11 November 2021.Retrieved26 March2023.
- ^"Sudan's Burhan dismisses Hemedti of his position".Al Bawaba.Retrieved19 May2023.
- ^"Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power".Associated Press.Ashgabat.22 January 2023.Retrieved29 January2023.
- ^Nasser, Afrah (18 December 2022)."'Republic of fear': A return to Yemen after 11 years ".Al Jazeera.Retrieved22 December2022.
- ^"Libya parliament suspends rival eastern-based PM Bashagha".Al Jazeera.16 May 2023.Retrieved29 May2023.
- ^"Syria's Idlib enclave: how does it work?".Agence France-Presse.Beirut, Lebanon.France 24.28 June 2019.Retrieved10 January2023.
The head of the Salvation Government is [the prime minister], who assumed his post late last year, but the region's strongman is HTS chief Abu Mohammed al-Jolani.
- ^Goodman, Joshua; Rodriguez Montilla, Camille (8 January 2023)."Exiled Venezuela lawmakers chosen to lead anti-Maduro fight".Associated Press.Caracas.Retrieved10 January2023.
- ^"Europese knoop ontward: Charles Michel wordt voorzitter van de Europese Raad".2 July 2019. Archived fromthe originalon 13 April 2021.
- ^"Von der Leyen elected EU Commission head after MEPs vote".BBC News.16 July 2019. Archived fromthe originalon 1 September 2022.
External links
- CIDOB Foundation(in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders
- EmilePhaneuf—an archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
- Portale Storia(in Italian)—a list of current rulers by country
- Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
- United Nations—a list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers
