List of fossil bird genera

For a list of birds extinct in Late Quaternary prehistoric times and (usually) known from specimens not completely fossilized, seeList of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species.For birds that have gone extinct since the year 1500, seeList of extinct bird species since 1500.

A replica of the Berlin specimen ofArchaeopteryx,most famous of prehistoric "birds". Modern research considers it unlikely to be a bird ancestor, though it was certainly a close relative of these.

Birdsevolved from certainfeatheredtheropoddinosaurs, and there is no real dividing line between birds andnon-avian dinosaursexcept that some of the former survived theCretaceous–Paleogene extinction eventwhile the latter did not. For the purposes of this article, a 'bird' is considered to be any member of the cladeAvialae.Some dinosaur groups which may or may not be true birds are listed below underProto-birds.

This page contains a listing of prehistoric bird taxa only known from completelyfossilizedspecimens. These extinctions took place before the LateQuaternaryand thus took place in the absence of significant human interference. While the earliesthominidshad been eating birds and especially their eggs,human populationandtechnologywas simply insufficient to seriously affect healthy bird populations until theUpper Paleolithic Revolution.Rather, reasons for the extinctions listed here are stochastic abiotic events such asbolideimpacts,climate changesdue to orbital shifts, mass volcanic eruptions etc. Alternatively, species may have gone extinct due toevolutionarydisplacement by successor or competitor taxa – it is notable that an extremely large number of seabirds have gone extinct during the mid-Tertiary;this seems at least partly due to competition by the contemporary radiation ofmarine mammals.

The relationships of thesetaxaare often hard to determine, as many are known only from very fragmentary remains and due to the complete fossilization precluding analysis of information fromDNA,RNAor protein sequencing. The taxa listed in this article should be classified with theWikipedia conservation status category"Fossil".

Before the late 19th century, whenmineralswere still considered one of thekingdomsofbinomial nomenclature,fossils were often treated according to a paralleltaxonomy.Rather than assigning them to animal or plant genera, they were treated as mineral genera and givenbinomial namestypically usingOsteornis( "bone-bird" ) orOrnitholithus( "bird fossil" ) as "genus".The latter name, however, is still in use for anoogenusoffossil bird eggs.Also, other animals (in particularpterosaurs) were placed in these "genera". In sources pre-dating theLinneansystem, the above terms are also seen in the more extensive descriptions used to nametaxaback then.

Taxonomic list of fossil prehistoric birds

Higher-leveltaxaare presented in likely or suspectedphylogeneticorder.Genus-level taxa and lower are sorted chronologically, in ascending order (i.e., older taxa first).

The higher-level groups of non-Neornithesare arranged based on thephylogenyproposed byLuis Chiappe,updated and expanded to incorporate recent research.The categories are inclusive in ascending order.

Taxonomic assignments, especially in the pygostylian to early neornithine genera, are still very provisional and subject to quite frequent change.

BasalAvialae(extinct)

The most primitive "birds", usually still possessing a long bony tail with generally unfused vertebrae. Not all of these may be on the line of bird ancestors; whether they are not closer to othertheropodsgroups than to theAvialaeremains to be thoroughly tested (seeXiaotingia).

• †Anchiornis huxleyiXu et al. 2009
• †Aurornis xuiGodefroit et al. 2013
• †Balaur bondocCsiki et al. 2010
• †Jixiangornis orientalisJi et al. 2002
• †Xiaotingia zhengiXu et al. 2011
• †YandangornithiformesCai & Zhao 1999
  • †YandangornithidaeCai & Zhao 1999
    • †Yandangornis longicaudatusCai & Zhao 1999(Late Cretaceous)
• †ArchaeopterygiformesFürbringer 1888
  • †ArchaeopterygidaeHuxley 1871[ArchaeornithidaePetronievics 1925;ArchaeopteridaeShufeldt 1903;ArchornithidaeCarus 1875]a
    • †Wellnhoferia grandisElzanowski 2001(Late Jurassic) – possible synonym ofArchaeopteryx
    • †ArchaeopteryxMeyer 1861[ArchaeornisPeteronievics 1917;GriphornisWoodward 1862;GriphosaurusWagner 1861 (nomen rejectum)] (Late Jurassic)
• †JeholornithiformesZhou & Zhang 2006
  • †JeholornithidaeZhou & Zhang 2006
    • †Dalianraptor cuheGao & Liu 2005
    • †JeholornisZhou & Zhang 2002b[ShenzhouraptorJi et al. 2002] (Early Cretaceous)

BasalPygostylia(extinct)

The earliest birds with a modernpygostyle:a reduction and fusion of the tail vertebrae; possibly aparaphyleticgroup. Two types of pygostyle are known, a rod-shaped one found inConfuciusornithidae,Enantiornithesand some non-avian theropods such asNomingia,and aplowshare-shaped one, only known in the lineage leading to modern birds. It is not certain that the pygostyles found in birds are indeedsynapomorphies.

• †Chongmingia zhengiWang et al. 2016
• †ConfuciusornithiformesHou et al. 1995
  • †Proornis coreaeLim 1993(nomen nudum)
  • †Zhongornis haoaeGao et al. 2008- confuciusornithid?
  • †ConfuciusornithidaeHou et al. 1995
    • †Changchengornis hengdaoziensisJi, Chiappe & Ji 1999(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Eoconfuciusornis zhengiZhang, Zhou & Benton 2008(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Evgenavis nobilisO'Connor, Averianov & Zelenkov 2014
    • †ConfuciusornisHou et al. 1995[JinzhouornisHou et al. 2002] (Early Cretaceous)
• †OmnivoropterygiformesCzerkas & Ji 2002[SapeornithiformesZhou & Zhang 2006]
  • †OmnivoropterygidaeCzerkas & Ji 2002[SapeornithidaeZhou & Zhang 2006]
    • †Omnivoropteryx sinousaorumCzerkas & Qiang Ji 2002(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Sapeornis chaoyangensisZhou & Zhang 2002a[Didactylornis jiiYuan 2008;Sapeornis angustisProvini, Zhou & Zhang 2009;Shenshiornis primitaHu et al. 2010] (Early Cretaceous)

Enantiornithes(extinct)

Reconstruction ofIberomesornis romerali,a tiny primitive enantiornithine.
It was no bigger than a modern-dayfinch.

The taxonomic list of enantiornithine groups presented here follows a summary published by Thomas R. Holz Jr. in 2011.

†Enantiornithes

• BasalEnantiornithesand Enantiornithesincerta sedis
  • †Cerebavis cenomanicaKurochkin et al. 2006(Late Cretaceous)
  • †Cruralispennia multidontaWang et al. 2017
  • †Dalingheornis liweiiZhang et al. 2006(Early Cretaceous)
  • †Dunhuangia cuiiWang et al. 2015
  • †Elsornis keniChiappe et al. 2007(Late Cretaceous)
  • †Feitianius paradisiO'Connor et al. 2015
  • †Holbotia ponomarenkoiZelenkov & Averianov 2015[Holbotia ponomarenkoiKuročkin 1982 nomen nudum]
  • †Houornis caudatus(Hou 1997) Wang & Liu 2015[Cathayornis caudatusHou 1997]
  • †LaevisoolithidaeMikhailov 1991[Subtiliolithidae] [ootaxa]
    • †Laevisoolithus sochavaiMikhailov 1991[ootaxa]
    • †Subtiliolithus microtuberculatusMikhailov 1991[ootaxa]
    • †Tipoolithus achloujensisGarcia et al. 2003[ootaxa]
  • †Linyiornis amoenaWang et al. 2016
  • †Monoenantiornis sihedangiaHu & O'Connor 2016
  • †Paraprotopteryx gracilisZheng, Zhang & Hou 2007(Early Cretaceous)
  • †Parvavis chuxiongensisWang, Zhou & Xu 2014
  • †Piscivorenantiornis inusitatusWang & Zhou 2017
  • †Pterygornis dapingfangensisWang, Hu & Li 2015
  • †Xiangornis shenmiHu et al. 2012(Jiufotang Early Cretaceous of Liaoning)
  • †Yuanjiawaornis viriosusHu et al. 2015
  • †KurzholiidaeNesov 1992
    • †Kuszholia mengiNesov 1992(Late Cretaceous)
  • †IberomesornithiformesSanz & Bonaparte 1992
    • †IberomesornithidaeSanz & Bonaparte 1992
      • †Iberomesornis romeraliSanz & Bonaparte 1992(Early Cretaceous)
  • †LiaoningornithiformesHou 1997
    • †LiaoningornithidaeHou 1997
      • †Eoalulavis hoyasiSanz et al. 1996(Early Cretaceous)
      • †Liaoningornis longidigitrisHou 1997
• BasalEuenantiornithes
  • †Catenoleimus anachoretusPanteleyev 1999(Late Cretaceous)
  • †Cratoavis cearensisCarvalho et al. 2015
  • †Elbretornis bonaparteiWalker & Dyke 2009(Late Cretaceous)
  • †Eocathayornis walkeriZhou 2002[Eocathayornis walkeriZhou 1999 (nomen nudum)] (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Flexomornis howeiTykoski & Fiorillo 2010(Late Cretaceous)
  • †Fortunguavis xiaotaizicusWang, O'Connor & Zhou 2014
  • †Grabauornis lingyuanensisDalsatt, Erickson & Zhou 2014
  • †Huoshanornis hujiWang et al. 2010(Late Cretaceous)
  • †Largirostrornis sexdentorisHou 1997(Early Cretaceous)
  • †Lectavis bretincolaChiappe 1993(Late Cretaceous)
  • †MartinavisWalker, Buffetaut & Dyke, 2007(Late Cretaceous)
    • †M. cruzyensisWalker, Buffetaut & Dyke, 2007
    • †M. vinceiWalker, Buffetaut & Dyke, 2007
    • †M. minorWalker & Dyke, 2009
    • †M. saltariensisWalker & Dyke, 2009
    • †M. whetstoneiWalker & Dyke, 2009
  • †Musivavis amabilisWang et al., 2022(Early Cretaceous)
  • †Yungavolucris brevipedalisChiappe 1993 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †LiaoxiornithiformesHou et al. 2002
    • †LiaoxiornithidaeHou & Chen 1999
      • †Liaoxiornis delicatusHou & Chen 1999[Lingyuanornis parvusJi & Ji 1999] (Late Cretaceous)
  • †PengornithidaeWang et al. 2014
    • †Chiappeavis magnapremaxilloO'Connor et al. 2016
    • †Eopengornis martiniWang et al. 2014
    • †Pengornis houiZhou, Clarke & Zhang 2008(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Parapengornis eurycaudatusHu, O'Connor & Zhou 2015
  • †ProtopterygiformesZhou & Zhang 2006
    • †ProtopterygidaeZhou & Zhang 2006
      • †Jibeinia luanheraHou 2000[Jibeinia luanheraHou 1997 nomen nudum] (Early Cretaceous)
      • †Protopteryx fengningensisZhang & Zhou 2000(Early Cretaceous)
      • †Hebeiornis fengningensisYan 1999
• †EoenantiornithiformesHou et al. 1999
  • †EoenantiornithidaeHou et al. 1999
    • †Dapingfangornis sentisorhinusLi et al. 2006(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Eoenantiornis buhleriHou et al. 1999
  • †BohaiornithidaeWang et al. 2014
    • †Beiguornis khinganensisWang et al., 2022
    • †Bohaiornis guoiHu et al. 2011
    • †Longusunguis kurochkiniWang et al. 2014
    • †Parabohaiornis martiniWang et al. 2014
    • †Shenqiornis mengiWang et al. 2010(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Sulcavis geeorumO'Connor et al. 2013(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Zhouornis haniZhang et al. 2013
• †LongipterygiformesZhang et al. 2001[BoluochiiformesZhou & Zhang 2006;LongirostraviformesZhou & Zhang 2006]
  • †LongipterygidaeZhang et al. 2001[BoluochiidaeZhou & Zhang 2006;LongirostravidaeZhou & Zhang 2006]
    • †Boluochia zhengiZhou 1995(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Camptodontus yangiLi et al. 2010 non Dejean 1826(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Longipteryx chaoyangensisZhang et al. 2001(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Longirostravis haniHou et al. 2004(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Otogornis genghisiHou 1994(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Rapaxavis paniMorschhauser et al. 2009(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Shanweiniao cooperorumO'Connor et al. 2009(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Shengjingornis yangiLi et al. 2012(Early Cretaceous)
• †CathayornithiformesZhou, Jin & Zhang 1992[SinornithiformesHou 1997;EuornithiformesKuročkin 1996]
  • †AlethoalaornithidaeLi et al. 2007
    • †Alethoalaornis agitornisLi et al. 2007(Early Cretaceous)
  • †ConcornithidaeKuročkin 1996
    • †Concornis lacustrisSanz & Buscalioni 1992(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Qiliania graffiniJi et al. 2011(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Noguerornis gonzaleziLasaca-Ruiz 1989(Early Cretaceous)
  • †CathyornithidaeZhou, Jin & Zhang 1992[SinornithidaeHou 1997]
    • †Gracilornis jiufotangensisLi & Hou 2011(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Longchengornis sanyanensisHou 1997(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Sinornis santensisSereno & Rao 1992(Early Cretaceous)
    • †CathayornisZhou, Jin & Zhang 1992(Early Cretaceous)
• †EnantiornithiformesChiappe 1992 non Walker 1981, Martin 1983[GobipterygiformesElzanowski 1974;AlexornithiformesBrodkorb 1976]
  • †AvisauridaeBrett-Surman & Paul 1985
    • †Cuspirostrisornis houiHou 1997(Early Cretaceous)
    • †AvisaurusBrett-Surman & Paul 1985(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Bauxitornis mindszentyae(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Enantiophoenix electrophylaCau & Arduini 2008(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Halimornis thompsonaeChiappe, Lamb & Ericson 2002(Late Cretaceous)
    • †GettyiaAtterholt et al., 2018(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Intiornis inexpectatus(Late Cretaceous)
    • †MirarceAtterholt et al., 2018(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Mystiornis cyriliKuročkin et al. 2011(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Neuquenornis volansChiappe & Calvo 1994(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Soroavisaurus australisChiappe 1993(Late Cretaceous)
  • †GobipterygidaeElzanowski 1974
    • †Gobipipus reshetoviKuročkin, Chatterjee & Mikhailov 2013
    • †Gobipteryx minutaElzanowski 1974(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Vescornis hebeiensisZhang, Ericson & Zhou 2004(Early Cretaceous)
  • †EnantiornithidaeWalker 1981
    • †Enantiornis lealiWalker 1981(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Gurilynia nessoviKuročkin 1999(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Wyleyia valdensisHarrison & Walker 1973(Late Cretaceous)
    • †NanantiusMolnar 1986(Early-?Late Cretaceous)
  • †AlexornithidaeBrodkorb 1976
    • †Abavornis bonapartiPanteleyev 1998(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Alexornis antecedensBrodkorb 1976(Late Cretaceous)
    • †ExplorornisPanteleyev 1998(Late Cretaceous)
    • †IncolornisPanteleyev 1998(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Kizylkumavis cretaceaNesov 1984(Late Cretaceous)
    • †Lenesornis maltschevskyi(Nesov 1986) Kuročkin 1996[Ichthyornis maltschevskyiNesov 1986 non Marsh 1872] (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Sazavis priscaNesov & Jarkov 1989(Early Cretaceous)
    • †ZhyraornisNesov 1984(Late Cretaceous)

Note that Holtz (2011) also includedZhyraornisin his classification of euenantiornithines, though this genus is more often classified as anornithuran.Holtz also placedLiaoningornisas anornithuromorph,though more recent studies have placed it as a close relative ofEoalulavis.

BasalEuornithes(extinct)

Also called "basalOrnithuromorpha".Essentially modern birds, except many still possess a few primitive features such as teeth or wing claws. These have theplowshare-shaped pygostyle and proper tail fan as seen in most living birds. Thetaxonomyof this group is confusing; the name "Ornithurae" was first proposed byErnst Haeckelin 1866 and has been revised in meaning several times since.

The following is a list of primitive euornithian genera and those that cannot be confidently referred to any subgroups, following Holtz (2011).

• †Archaeorhynchus spathulaZhou & Zhang 2006
• †Changmaornis houiWang et al. 2013
• †Changzuiornis ahgmiHuang et al. 2017
• †Gargantuavis philoinosBuffetaut & Le Loeuff 1998
• †Hollanda luceriaBell et al. 2009[Hollandornis birdusBell et al. 2009 (nomen nudum)]
• †Horezmavis eocretaceousNesov 1983
• †Hulsanpes perleiOsmólska 1982(?Troodontidae)
• †Iteravis huchzermeyeriZhou, O'Connor & Wang 2014
• †Jianchangornis microdontaZhou, Zhang & Li 2009
• †Jiuquanornis niuiWang et al. 2013
• †Juehuaornis zhangiWang, Wang & Hu 2015
• †Palaeopteryx thomsoniJensen 1981(dinosaur)
• †Platanavis nanaNesov 1992
• †Schizooura liiZhou, Zhou & O'Connor 2012
• †Tingmiatornis arcticaWang et al. 2017
• †Vorona berivotrensisForster et al. 1996
• †Xinghaiornis liniWang et al. 2013
• †Yumenornis huangiWang et al. 2013
• †Zhong gian ornis yangiZhou, Zhang & Li 2009
• †PatagopterygidaeAlvarenga & Bonaparte 1992
  • †Alamitornis minutusAgnolin & Martinelli 2009
  • †Patagopteryx deferrariisiAlvarenga & Bonaparte 1992
• †HongshanornithidaeO'Connor, Gao & Chiappe 2010
  • ?†Archaeornithura meemannaeWang et al. 2015
  • †Hongshanornis longicrestaZhou & Zhang 2005(Early Cretaceous)
  • †Longicrusavis houiO'Connor, Gao & Chiappe 2010(Early Cretaceous)
  • †Parahongshanornis chaoyangensisLi, Wang & Hou 2011(Early Cretaceous)– ornithurine?
  • †Tianyuornis cheniZheng et al. 2014
• †ChaoyangiiformesHou 1997
  • †ChaoyangiidaeHou 1997[ChaoyangornithidaeHou 1997]
    • †Chaoyangia beishanensisHou & Zhang 1993
• †Songlingornithiformes[AberratiodontiformesGong, Hou & Wang 2004;YanornithiformesZhou & Zhang 2001;YixianornithiformesZhou & Zhang 2006]
  • †SonglingornithidaeHou 1997[AberratiodontidaeGong, Hou & Wang 2004;ChaoyangornithidaeHou 1997;YanornithidaeZhou & Zhang 2001;YixiaornithidaeZhou & Zhang 2006]
    • †Piscivoravis liiZhou et al. 2013
    • †Songlingornis linghensisHou 1997(Early Cretaceous)
    • †Yixianornis grabauiZhou & Zhang 2001(Early Cretaceous)
    • †YanornisZhou & Zhang 2001[ArchaeoraptorSloan 1999 (nomen nudum);ArchaeovolansCzerkas & Xu 2002;AberratiodontusGong, Hou & Wang 2004] (Early Cretaceous)

Note that Holtz also included the generaEurolimnornis,Holbotia,PalaeocursornisandPiksias euornitheans, though they have since been re-identified aspterosaurs.

BasalOrnithurae(extinct)

• Limenavis patagonicaClarke & Chiappe 2001(Late Cretaceous)– paleognath?
• Palintropidae
  • Palintropus retusus(Marsh 1892) Brodkorb 1970[Cimolopteryx retusaMarsh 1892;Apatornis retusus(Marsh 1892) Brodkorb 1962] (Late Cretaceous) (?Galliformes: Quercymegapodiidae)
• †AmbiortiformesKuročkin 1982
  • †AmbiortidaeKuročkin 1982
    • †Ambiortus dementjeviKuročkin 1982(Late Cretaceous)
• †ApsaraviformesKuročkin 1982
  • †Apsaravidae
    • †Apsaravis ukhaanaNorell & Clarke 2001(Late Cretaceous)
• †GansuiformesHou & Liu 1984
  • †GansuidaeHou & Liu 1984
    • †GansusHou & Liu 1984(Early Cretaceous)
• †IchthyornithiformesMarsh 1873[PteropappiStejneger 1885]
  • †ApatornithidaeFürbringer 1888
    • †Apatornis celer(Marsh 1873) Marsh 1873[Ichthyornis celerMarsh 1873] (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Guildavis tener(Marsh 1880) Clarke 2004[Ichthyornis tenerMarsh 1880] (Cretaceous of Wallace County, US)
    • †Iaceornis marshiClarke 2004(Late Cretaceous)
  • †IchthyornithidaeMarsh 1873
    • IchthyornisMarsh 1872[AngelinornisKashin 1972;ColonosaurusMarsh 1872;GraculavusMarsh 1873 non Marsh 1872;PlegadornisWetmore 1962 non Brehm 1855] (Late Cretaceous)
• †HesperornithiformesFürbringer 1888(Large, toothed,loon-like diving birds)

  

  Hesperornis

  • †Chupkaornis keraorumTanaka et al. 2017
  • †Potamornis skutchiElzanowski, Paul & Stidham 2000(Late Cretaceous)
  • †PasquiaornisTokaryk, Cumbaa & Storer 1997(Late Cretaceous)
  • †EnaliornithidaeFürbringer 1888
    • †EnaliornisSeeley 1876[Palaeocolyntus(sic) Seeley 1864 nomen nudum;PalaeocolymbusSeeley 1869;Pelargonis(sic) Seeley 1864 nomen nudum;PelagornisSeeley 1866 nomen nudum non Lartet 1857] (Early Cretaceous)
  • †BaptornithidaeAOU 1910
    • †BaptornisMarsh 1877[ParascaniornisLambrecht 1933]
  • †BrodavidaeMartin, Kuročkin & Tokaryk 2012
    • BrodavisMartin, Kuročkin & Tokaryk 2012(Late Cretaceous)
  • †JudinornithidaeNesov 1983
    • †Judinornis nogontsavensisNesov & Borkin 1983(Late Cretaceous)
  • †HesperornithidaeMarsh 1880
    • †Fumicollis hoffmaniBell & Chiappe 2015
    • †Parahesperornis alexiMartin 1980(Late Cretaceous)
    • †HesperornisMarsh 1872[ConiornisMarsh 1893;LestornisMarsh 1876;HargeriaLucas 1903;AsiahesperornisNesov & Prizemlin 1991;CanadagaHou 1999] (Late Cretaceous)

Neornithes

The subclass that contains all modern birds.

Unresolved and basal forms
These modern birds are known from remains that cannot be placed in relation to any one modern group and are neitherautapomorphicenough to assign them to own orders. Especially theLate Cretaceous/earlyPaleogenetaxaare probablybasalto several modern orders, while laterPaleogenetaxa often represent extinct lineages outside the modern families.

• †Australornis loveiMayr & Scofield 2014(late earlyPaleocene)
• †Gallornis straeleniLambrecht 1931(Late Cretaceous)
• †Ceramornis majorBrodkorb 1963(Late Cretaceous) – charadriiform?
• † "Presbyornithidae" gen. et sp. indet. (Barun Goyot Late Cretaceous of Udan Sayr, Mongolia) - anseriform (presbyornithid)?
• †Torotix clemensiBrodkorb 1963(Late Cretaceous) – pelecaniform, charadriiform, procellariiform or phoenicopteriform
• Neornithes incerta sedisKurochkin 1995(Nemegt Late Cretaceous of S Mongolia) - phalacrocoracid?
• Neornithes incerta sedis AMNH FR 25272 (Lance Creek Late Cretaceous of Converse County, US) - phalacrocoracid?
• Neornithes incerta sedis PVPH 237 (Portezuelo Late Cretaceous of Sierra de Portezuelo, Argentina) - galliform?
• Neornithes incerta sedis UCMP 117598 (Hell Creek Late Cretaceous of Bug Creek West, US)
• Neornithes incerta sedis UCMP 117599 (Hell Creek Late Cretaceous of Bug Creek West, US) – anseriform?
• †"Lonchodytes" pterygiusBrodkorb 1963(Late Cretaceous/?Early Palaeocene) – charadriiform?
• †Novacaesareala hungerfordiParris & Hope 2002(Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene) – related toTorotix?
• †"Palaeotringa" vetusMarsh 1870(Lance Late Cretaceous of Wyoming – Hornerstown Late Cretaceous/?Early Palaeocene of New Jersey, US) - gruiform? anseriform (presbyornithid)?
• †Volgavis marinaNessov & Jarkow 1989(Early Palaeocene of Volgograd, Russia) – charadriiform? phalacrocoraciform?
• †Tshulia litoreaNessov 1988(Late Paleocene of Zhylga, Kazakhstan)
• †Eupterornis remensisLemoine 1878(Paleocene of Cernay, France) – charadriiform (larid?)? gaviiform?
• †Gradiornis walbeckensisMayr 2007(Paleocene of Walbeck, Germany) – cariamid?
• †"Messelornis"russelliMourer-Chauviré 1995 sensu Mayr 2007(Paleocene of Cernay, France) – messelornithid?
• †Walbeckornis creberMayr 2007(Paleocene of Walbeck, Germany) – charadriiform? messelornithid?
• Neornithes incerta sedis (Late Paleocene/Early Eocene of Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco) – charadriiform, ciconiiform, gruiform?
• †ArgillipesHarrison & Walker 1977(London Clay Early Eocene of England) – galliform?
  • †A. aurorumHarrison & Walker 1977
  • †A. magnusHarrison & Walker 1979
  • †A. paralectorisHarrison & Walker 1977
• †Coturnipes cooperiHarrison & Walker 1977(Early Eocene of England, and Virginia, US?)– galliform, falconiform?
• †Fluviatilavis antunesiHarrison 1983(Early Eocene of Silveirinha, Portugal)– charadriiform?
• †Mopsitta tantaWaterhouse et al. 2008(Early Eocene) – threskiornithid (may belong inRhynchaeites), psittacid?
• †Neanis schuchertiShufeldt 1913(Early Eocene)– coraciiform (primobucconid), piciform?
• †Paleophasianus meleagroidesWetmore 1940(Willwood Early Eocene of Bighorn County, US)– galliform (tetraonine or cracid) or gruiform (aramid)?
• †Precursor parvus(Early Eocene)– several species? psittaciform (pseudasturid or psittacid) + charadriiform (glareolid)?
• †"Precursor" litorumHarrison & Walker 1977
• †"Precursor" magnusHarrison & Walker 1977
• †Procuculus minutusHarrison & Walker 1977(Early Eocene of Bognor Regis, England)– cuculiform (parvicuculid), coraciiform (primobucconid), close toPrimapus?
• †PulchrapolliaDyke & Cooper 2000(Early Eocene) – psittaciform (pseudasturid or psittacid)?
  • †P. gracilisDyke & Cooper 2000
  • †P. olsoni(Feduccia & Martin 1976)[Primobucco olsoniFeduccia & Martin 1976]
• Neornithes incerta sedis USNM 496384 (Nanjemoy Early Eocene of Virginia, US)– parvicuculid? aegithalornithid?
• †Palaeopsittacus georgeiHarrison 1982b(Early – middle Eocene of NW Europe) – caprimulgiform (podargid?) or quercypsittid?
• †Amitabha urbsinterdictensisGulas-Wroblewski & Wroblewski 2003(Bridger middle Eocene of Forbidden City, US) - galliform (phasianid) or gruiform (rallid?)?
• †Eociconia sangequanensisHou 1989(middle Eocene of China)– ciconiiform (ciconiid)?
• †Protocypselomorphus manfredkelleriMayr 2005(middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)– caprimulgiform, apodiform or ancestral to both
• †Pumiliornis tessellatusMayr 1999(middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
• †Ludiortyx hoffmanni(Gervais 1852) Brunet 1970(Late Eocene) – rallid, quercymegapodid? [IncludesTringa hoffmanniGervais 1852;Palaeortyx blanchardiMilne-Edwards 1869;Palaeortyx hoffmanni(Gervais 1852);Ludiortyx blanchardi(Milne-Edwards 1869);Eortyx hoffmanni(Gervais 1852)]
• †Minggangia changgouensisHou 1982(Late Eocene of China) – rallid, threskiornithid?
• †Petropluvialis simplexHarrison & Walker 1976(Late Eocene of England)– may be same asPalaeopapia;anseriform?
• †"Phasianus" alfhildaeShufeldt 1915(Washakie B Late Eocene of Haystack Butte, US)– gruiform, ciconiiform, phoenicopteriform?
• †Telecrex grangeriWetmore 1934(Irdin Manha Late Eocene of Chimney Butte, Mongolia)– meleagrid or gruiform (rallid?)
• Neornithes incerta sedis AMNH FR 2941 (Irdin Manha Late Eocene of Chimney Butte, China) – falconiform (accipitrid)? gruiform (Eogrus)?
• †Zheroia kurochkiniNesov 1988(Late Eocene of Kazakhstan) – gruiform? pelagornithid?
• †"Falco" falconellusShufeldt 1915(orfalconella;Eocene of Wyoming, US) – falconiform (falconid)?
• †AgnopterusMilne-Edwards 1868(Late Eocene– Late Oligocene of Europe)– phoenicopteriform or anseriform
  • †A. laurillardiMilne-Edwards 1868
  • †A. sickiAlvarenga 1990
  • †A. turgaiensisTugarinov 1940[Cygnopterus lambrechtiKuročkin 1968]
• †PlesiocathartesGaillard 1908(Late Eocene–? Early Miocene of SW Europe) - cathartid, leptosomid?
  • †P. europaeusGaillard 1908
  • †P. gaillardi
  • †P. wyomingensisWeidig 2006
  • †P. majorWeidig 2006
  • †P. geiselensisMayr 2002
  • †P. kelleriMayr 2002
• †Botauroides parvusShufeldt 1915(Eocene of Wyoming, US) – coliiform?
• †Aminornis excavatusAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene of Rio Deseado, Argentina) – gruiform (aramid)?
• †Ciconiopsis antarcticaAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina) – ciconiiform (ciconiid)?
• †Climacarthrus incompletusAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina) – falconiform (accipitrid)? Anomen dubium
• †Cruschedula revolaAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene of Golfo San Jorge, Argentina) Avesincertae sedis;Anomen dubium
• †Dolichopterus viatorMilne-Edwards 1867[DolicopterusAymard 1856 nomen nudum;CamaskelusAymard 1856 nomen nudum;CamaskelusMilne-Edwards 1867;Dolicopterus viatorAymard 1856 nomen nudum;Camaskelus palustrisAymard 1856 nomen nudum;Camaskelus palustrisMilne-Edwards 1867] (Early Oligocene of Ronzon, France) – charadriiform (charadriid)? NotDolicopterusas sometimes claimed
• †Loncornis erectusAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene of Rio Deseado, Argentina)– gruiform (aramid)?
• †Loxornis clivusAmeghino 1894– anatid? (Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina)
• †Manu antiquusMarples 1946(Early Oligocene) – pelagornithid? procellariiform (diomedeid)?
• †Palaeocrex rexWetmore 1927(Early Oligocene of Trigonias Quarry, US) – gruiform (rallid)?
• †Palaeopapia eous>(Harrison & Walker 1976) Harrison & Walker 1979[HowardiaHarrison & Walker 1976 non Berlese & Leonardi 1896;Howardia eousHarrison & Walker 1976] (Hampstead Early Oligocene of Isle of Wight, England) – anseriform?
• †Paracygnopterus scottiHarrison & Walker 1979(Early Oligocene of Belgium and England) – anseriform (anatid)?
• †"Pararallus" hassenkampiMartini 1967(Sieblos Dysodil Early Oligocene of Sieblos, Germany)
• †Riacama caligineaAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina) – gruiform?
• †Smiliornis penetransAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina)– gruiform?
• †Teracus littoralisMilne-Edwards 1871[leracusAymard 1856nomen nudum;leracus littoralisAymard 1856 nomen nudum] (Early Oligocene of France)
• †Teleornis impressusAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina)– anatid?
• †Pseudolarus guaraniticusAmeghino 1899(Deseado Early Oligocene – Miocene of Argentina) – gruiform?
• Neornithes incerta sedis BMNH PAL 4989 (Hampstead Early Oligocene of Isle of Wight, England) – formerly"Ptenornis"and included inHeadonornis;anseriform?
• †"Anas" creccoidesvan Beneden 1871(Early-mid Oligocene of Belgium) – anseriform?
• †"Charadrius" sheppardianusCope 1881(Florissant middle Oligocene of Florissant, US) – charadriiform (charadriid?)
• †Megagallinula harundineaKuročkin 1968(Indricotherium middle Oligocene of Chelkar-Teniz, Kazakhstan)
• †"Palaeorallus" alienusKuročkin 1968(middle Oligocene of Tatal-Gol, Mongolia)– galliform?
• †"Vanellus" selysiivan Beneden 1871(middle Oligocene of Rupelmonde, Belgium) – charadriiform (charadriid)?
• †Anserpica kilianiMourer-Chauviré, Berthet & Hugueney 2004(Late Oligocene of France) – gruiform (gruid?) or anseriform (anseranatid?)?
• †GnotornisWetmore 1942(Brule Late Oligocene of Shannon County, US) – gruiform (aramid)?
  • †G. aramiellusWetmore 1942
  • †G. roardeola
  • †G. walkeri
• †Guguschia nailiaeAslanova & Burčak-Abramovič 1968(Late Oligocene of Pirəkəşkül, Azerbaijan) – anseriform (anserine)? pelagornithid (same asCaspiodontornis)?
• †Tiliornis senexAmeghino 1899(Late? Oligocene of Argentina)– phoenicopteriform? Anomen dubium
• Neornithes incerta sedis QM F40203 (Late Oligocene of Riversleigh, Australia)– gruiform (rallid)?
• †Gaviella pusillaShufeldt 1915(Oligocene? of Wyoming, US)– gaviiform? plotopterid?
• †"Anas" skalicensisBayer 1882(Early Miocene of "Skalitz", Czech Republic) - anseriform?
• †Chenornis graculoidesPortis 1884(Early Miocene) - Anseriformes (Anatidae) or Pelecaniformes (Phalacrocoracidae)?
• †"Propelargus" olseniBrodkorb 1963(Hawthorne Early Miocene of Tallahassee, US) – ciconiiform?
• Neornithes incerta sedis MNHN SA 1259-1263 (Early/Middle Miocene of Sansan, France) – passeriform?
• †Anisolornis excavatusAmeghino 1891(Santa Cruz Middle Miocene of Karaihen, Argentina) – gruiform, galliform, tinamiform?
• †"Ardea" perplexaMilne-Edwards 1869(Middle Miocene of Sansan, France) – ardeid? strigiform?
• †"Cygnus herrenthalsi"van Beneden 1871(Middle Miocene of Belgium)
• †"Anas" risgoviensisAmmon 1918(Late Miocene of Bavaria, Germany) – anseriform?
• †"Ardea" aureliensis(Late Miocene of France) – ardeid?
• †Eoneornis australisAmeghino 1895 nomen dubium(Miocene of Argentina) – anatid? Anomen dubium
• †Eutelornis patagonicaAmeghino 1895(Miocene of Argentina) – anatid?
• †Protibis cnemialisAmeghino 1891(Miocene of Argentina) – ciconiiform (threskiornithid)?
• †"Limnatornis" paludicolaMilne-Edwards 1871(Miocene of France) – coliid? phoeniculid?
• †"Picus" gaudryi(Miocene of France) – piciform?
• †"Ardea" lignitumGiebel 1860(Late Pliocene of Germany) – ardeid? strigid (genusBubo)?
• †Bathoceleus hyphalusBrodkorb 1959(Pliocene of New Providence, Bahamas) – picid?
• †"Homalopus"Milne-Edwards 1870 non Chevrolat 1837– piciform? Preoccupied by asubgenusofCryptocephalusleaf beetlesdescribed in 1835.
• †"Liptornis hesternus"Ameghino 1894[Liptornis cuvierii] – pelecaniform (pelecanid)? Anomen dubium
• †Proceriavis martiniHarrison & Walker 1979– pelagornithid?
• †Protopelicanus cuvieriReichenbach 1852– pelecaniform (pelecanid)? pelagornithid?
• †Eurofluvioviridavis robustipesMayr 2005a(middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
• †ArchaeotrogonidaeWetmore 1926–basalCypselomorphae?
  • †Archaeotrogonidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Eocene)
  • †Hassiavis laticaudaMayr 1998
  • †ArchaeotrogonMilne-Edwards 1892(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)
• †CimolopterygidaeBrodkorb 1963– charadriiform?
  • †CimolopteryxMarsh 1892(Late Cretaceous)
    • †C. raraMarsh 1890
    • †C. maximaBrodkorb 1963
  • †LamarqueavisAgnolin 2010(Late Cretaceous)
    • †L. australisAgnolin 2010
    • †L. minima(Brodkorb 1963) Agnolin 2010[Cimolopteryx minimaBrodkorb 1963]
    • †L. petra(Hope 2002) Agnolin 2010[Cimolopteryx petraHope 2002]
• †CladornithidaeWetmore 1930 [CladornithesWetmore 1960;CladornidaeAmeghino 1895] (pelecaniform?
  • †Cladornis pachypusAmeghino 1895(Deseado Early Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina)
• †EremopezidaeRothschild 1911– pelecaniform? ratite?
  • †Eremopezus eocaenusAndrews 1904(Late Eocene) - includesStromeria fajumensisLambrecht 1929
• †GracilitarsidaeMayr 2001– close to Sylphornithidae?
  • Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensisBaird & Vickers-Rich 1997(Late Paleocene of Brazil) - anomen dubium
  • Gracilitarsus mirabilisMayr 1998(middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
• HalcyornithidaeHarrison & Walker 1972– psittaciform (= Pseudasturidae?), coraciiform?
  • †Halcyornis toliapicus(Koenig 1825) Owen 1846(London Clay Early Eocene of England)
  • †CyrilavisMartin 2010(Green River Early Eocene of C US) - psittaciform (halcyornithid or psittacid)?
    • †C. olsoni(Feduccia & Martin 1976) Martin 2010[Primobucco olsoniFeduccia & Martin 1976]
    • †C. colburnorumKsepka, Clarke & Grande 2011
• †JuncitarsidaePeters 1987
  • †Kashinia magnum(Harrison & Walker 1976) Harrison & Walker 1979[TenuicrusHarrison & Walker 1976 non Womersley 1940;Tenuicrus magnumHarrison & Walker 1976] – phoenicopteriform?
  • †JuncitarsusOlson & Feduccia 1980– phoenicopteriform?
• LaornithidaeCracraft 1973– charadriiform? gruiform? pelagornithid?
  • Laornis edvardsianusMarsh 1870[Laopteryx(sic)Kuročkin 1995] (Late Cretaceous?)
• †LonchodytidaeBrodkorb 1963
  • †Lonchodytes estesiBrodkorb 1963(Late Cretaceous/?Early Palaeocene) – gaviiform/pelecaniform? procellariiform?
• †Palaeospizidae– passeriform? coraciiform? coliiform?
  • †Palaeospiza bellaAllen 1878(Late Eocene of Florissant Fossil Beds, US)
• †ParvicuculidaeHarrison 1982– cypselomorph, cuculiform, coraciiform (primobucconid)?
  • †Parvicuculus minorHarrison & Walker 1977(Early Eocene of NW Europe)
• †RemiornithidaeMartin 1992(Paleocene of France) – palaeognath?
  • †Remiornis hebertiLemoine 1881[Remiornis minorLydekker 1891]
• †SylphornithidaeMourer-Chauviré 1988– cuculiform? coraciiform? close to Gracilitarsidae?
  • †Sylphornis bretouensisMourer-Chauvire 1988(middle Eocene of France)
  • †Oligosylphe mourerchauvireaeMayr & Smith 2002(Borgloon Early Oligocene of Hoogbutsel, Belgium)
• †TytthostonychidaeOlson & Parris 1987– procellariiform, pelecaniform?
  • †Tytthostonyx glauconiticusOlson & Parris 1987(Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene)
• †ZygodactylidaeBrodkorb 1971[PrimoscenidaeHarrison 1977]–near passerine
  • †Eozygodactylus americanusWeidig 2010
  • †ZygodactylusBallmann 1969(Early Oligocene – Middle? Miocene of C Europe)
    • †Z. ignotusBallmann 1969
    • †Z. luberonensisMayr 2008
    • †Z. grivensisBallmann 1969
  • †Primoscens minutusHarrison & Walker 1977
  • †PrimozygodactylusMayr 1998
    • †P. ballmanniMayr 1998
    • †P. danielsiMayr 1998
    • †P. majorMayr 1998
    • †P. eunjooaeMayr & Zelenkov 2009
• †"Graculavidae"Fürbringer 1888[Dakotornithidae Erickson 1975;Scaniornithidae;TelmatornithidaeCracraft 1972] – a paraphyleticform taxon,the "transitional shorebirds"
  • †LimosavisShufeldt 1915[GraculavusMarsh 1872 non Marsh 1973] (Late Cretaceous –? Early Palaeocene) – charadriiform?
    • †L. velox(Marsh 1872) Lambrecht 1933[Graculavus veloxMarsh 1872]
    • †L. augustus(Hope 1999)[Graculavus augustusHope 1999]
  • †PalaeotringaMarsh 1870(Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene) – charadriiform?
  • †Telmatornis priscusMarsh 1870[Telmatornis affinisMarsh 1870;Graculavus pumilisMarsh 1872;Palaeotringa vetusMarsh 1870] (Late Cretaceous?) – charadriiform? gruiform? podicipediform?
  • †Zhylgaia aestifluaNesov 1988(Early Paleocene) – presbyornithid?
  • †Scaniornis lundgreniDames 1890(Early/Middle Paleocene) – phoenicopteriform?
  • †Dakotornis cooperiErickson 1975(Paleocene of North Dakota, US)
  • †Placement unresolved
    • "Graculavidae" gen. et sp. indet. (Gloucester County, US)

Struthioniformes

Ostrichand relatedratites.

• StruthionidaeVigors 1825[†StruthiolithidaeVjalov 1971;†PalaeotididaeHoude & Haubold 1987] (ostriches)
  • †Palaeotis weigeltiLambrecht 1928[Palaeogrus geiseltalensisLambrecht 1935;Ornitocnemus geiseltalensis(Lambrecht 1935) Brodkorb 1967] (middle Eocene)
  • †Remiornis hebertiLemoine 1881
  • †Orientornis linxiaensis(Hou et al. 2005) Wang 2008[Struthio linxiaensisHou et al. 2005]
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • StruthioLinnaeus 1758[†PalaeostruthioBurchak-Abramovich 1953;†StruthiolithusBrandt 1873ootaxa;Struthio(Pachystruthio)Kretzoi 1954a;MegaloscelornisLydekker 1879] (Early Miocene – Recent)

Casuariiformes

Cassowaries,emusand related ratites.

• CasuariidaeKaup 1847 [Dromaiidae Huxley 1868; Dramaiinae Gray 1870; Dramiceiidae Richmond 1908; Dramaeidae Newton 1896] (emus and cassowaries)
  • †Diogenornis fragilisAlvarenga 1983(Early Eocene) – possible casuariiform
  • †EmuariusBoles 1992(emuwaries) (Late Oligocene – Late Miocene)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • DromaiusVieillot 1816[TacheaFleming 1822;EmouGriffith & Pidgeon 1829;PeronistaMathews 1912;MetapteryxDe Vis 1892] (emus) (Middle Miocene – Recent)
    • CasuariusBrisson 1760[CelaMoehring 1752 [Oken1816] non Reichenbach 1853 non Illiger 1826;CelaMoehring 1752 nom. rej.;RheaLacépède 1800 non Latham 1790;ChelargaBillberg 1828;OxyporusBrookes 1828 non (Bourdot & Galzin 1925) Donk 1933;ThrasysBillberg 1828;CassowaraPerry 1811;HippalectryoGloger 1842]

Rheiformes

Rheasand related ratites.

• †OpisthodactylidaeAmeghino 1895
  • †OpisthodactylusAmeghino 1895(Miocene) – rheid?
• Rheidae(Bonaparte 1853)[RheinaeBonaparte 1853] (rheas)
  • †Heterorhea dabbeneiRovereto 1914(Pliocene)
  • †Hinasuri nehuensisTambussi 1995
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • RheaBrisson 1760[RheaMoehring 1758 nomen dubium;PterocnemiaGray 1870;ToujouLacépède 1801;TujusRafinesque 1815]

†Dinornithiformes

Moas.

• †Megalapterygidae- (Upland moas)
  • †Megalapteryx didinus(Owen 1883) Haast 1886[PalaeocasuariusRothschild 1907 (Forbes 1892);Dinornis didinusOwen 1883;Megalapteryx benhamiArchey 1941;Megalapteryx hamiltoniRothschild 1907;Megalapteryx hectoriHaast 1886;Megalapteryx tenuipesLydekker 1891;Anomalopteryx didina(Owen 1883) Lydekker 1891;Palaeocasuarius veloxRothschild 1907;Palaeocasuarius elegansRothschild 1907;Palaeocasuarius haastiRothschild 1907]
• †DinornithidaeOwen 1843[PalapteryginaeBonaparte 1854;PalapterygidaeHaast 1874;DinornithnideaeStejneger 1884] (great moas)
  • †DinornisOwen 1843[PalapteryxOwen 1846;MegalornisOwen 1843 non Gray 1841;MoviaReichenbach 1853;MoaReichenbach 1853;OweniaGray 1855;TylopteryxHutton 1891]
• †Emeidae(Bonaparte 1854)[EmeinaeBonaparte 1854;AnomalopterygidaeOliver 1930;AnomalapteryginaeArchey 1941] (lesser moas)
  • †Anomalopteryx didiformis(Owen 1844) Reichenbach 1853(Little bush moas)
  • †Emeus crassus(Owen 1846)Reichenbach 1853 (Eastern moas)
  • †EuryapteryxHaast 1874(Broad-billed or turkey moas)
  • †PachyornisLydekker 1891(Stout moas)

Two unnamedSaint Bathans Faunaspecies.

Apterygiformes

• ApterygidaeGray 1840[ApteryginaeGray 1840] (Kiwis)
  • †Proapteryx micromerosWorthy et al. 2013

†LithornithiformesHoude 1988

• †LithornithidaeHoude 1988(False tinamous)
  • †Fissuravis weigeltiMayr 2007
  • †Pseudocrypturus cercanaxiusHoude 1988(Green River Early/middle Eocene of C US)
  • †Paracathartes howardaeHarrison 1979
  • †LithornisOwen 1840[PromusophagaHarrison & Walker 1977;PediorallusHarrison 1984;ParvigypsHarrison & Walker 1977] (Paleocene – Early Eocene)

Tinamiformes

• TinamidaeGray 1840[CrypturidaeBonaparte 1831;TinamotidaeBonaparte 1854;EudromiidaeBonaparte 1854;Rhynchotidaevon Boetticher 1934] (tinamous)
  • †Querandiornis romaniRusconi 1958(Ensenada Early/Middle Pleistocene of Argentina)
  • †RoveretornisBrodkorb 1961
  • Tinamidae gen. et sp. indet. MACN-SC Fleagle Collection (Early – Middle Miocene of S Argentina) - at least 2 species
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Eudromia[nonEudromiasBoie 1832;CalodromasSclater & Salvin 1873 nonCalodromusGuein 1832;CalopezusRidgway 1884;TinamisornisRovereto 1914;RoveretornisBrodkorb 1961]
    • NothuraWagler 1827[†CayetanornisBrodkorb 1963]
    • CrypturellusBrabourne & Chubb 1914[MicrocrypturusChubb 1917;CrypturornisOberholser 1922;OrthocrypturusMiranda-Ribeiro 1937]

Vegaviiformes

• †Neogaeornis wetzeliLambrecht 1929 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Polarornis gregoriiChatterjee 2002 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Vegavis iaaiClarke et al. 2005(Late Cretaceous)
• †Maaqwi cascadensisMcLachlan, Kaiser, & Longrich, 2017(Late Cretaceous)
• †Australornis loveiMayr & Scofield, 2014(Paleocene)

Anseriformes

Dromornis

Genyornis

The group that includes modernducksandgeese.

• Basal and unresolved forms
  • †AnatalavisOlson & Parris 1987[NettapterornisMlikovsky 2002] (Late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene– Early Eocene)– anseranatid or basal.
    • †A. rex(Shufeldt 1915) Olson & Parris 1987[Telmatornis rexShufeldt 1915]
    • †A. oxfordiOlson 1999[Nettapterornis oxfordi(Olson 1999) Mlikovskmiy 2002]
  • †Romainvillia stehliniLebedinský 1927(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)– anseranatide or anatide
  • †Saintandrea chenoidesMayr & De Pietri 2013
  • †Proherodius oweniLydekker 1891(Early Eocene) – presbyornithid?
  • †Paranyroca magnaMiller & Compton 1939(Early Miocene) – anatide or own family?
  • †Garganornis ballmanniMeijer 2014
• AnhimidaeStejneger 1885[PalamedeinaeBonaparte 1831;PalamedeidaeGray 1840] (screamers
  • †Chaunoides antiquusAlvarenga 1999
• †DromornithidaeFürbringer 1888– Australian mihirungs or "demon ducks"
  • †Barawertornis tedfordiRich 1979(Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • †Bullockornis planeiRich 1979(Demon-Duck of Doom) (Middle Miocene)
  • †IlbandornisRich 1979(Late Miocene)
    • †I. woodburneiRich 1979
    • †I. lawsoniRich 1979
  • †DromornisOwen 1872(Late Miocene – Pliocene)
    • †D. australisOwen 1872
    • †D. stirtoniRich 1979(Stirton's Thunder Birds)
• AnseranatidaeSclater 1880 sensu Stejneger 1885(magpie-geese
  • †Eoanseranas handaeWorthy & Scanlon 2009(Hand's Dawn Magpie Goose)
  • Anseranatidae gen. et sp. nov (Late Oligocene)
• †PresbyornithidaeWetmore 1926[TelmabatidaeHoward 1955]
  • †Teviornis gobiensisKuročkin, Dyke & Karhu 2002(Late Cretaceous)
  • †Headonornis hantoniensis(Lydekker 1891) Harrison & Walker 1976[Agnopterus hantoniensisLydekker 1891;Presbyornis hantoniensis(Lydekker 1891) Bocheński 1997;Ptenornis] – only BMNH PAL 30325 belongs to this bird, may belong toPresbyornis.
  • †PresbyornisWetmore 1926[NautilornisWetmore 1926;ColtoniaHardy 1959] (Paleocene– Early Oligocene)
    • †P. isoniOlson 1994
    • †P. mongoliensisKuročkin & Dyke 2010
    • †P. recurvirostrus(Hardy 1959) Ericson 2000[Coltonia recurvirostraHardy 1959]
    • †P. pervetusWetmore 1926[Nautilornis avusWetmore 1926;Nautilornis proavitusWetmore 1926]
  • †TelmabatesHoward 1955
    • †T. antiquusHoward 1955
    • †T. howardaeCracraft 1970
  • †WilaruBoles et al. 2013
    • †W. tedfordiBoles et al. 2013
    • †W. prideauxiVanesa et al. 2016
• AnatidaeLeach 1820[CnemiornithidaeStejneger 1855;CygnidaeKaup 1850 fide Gray;AnseridaeKaup 1850 fide Gray;CereopsidaeKaup 1850 fide Gray;FuligulidaeCarus 1868;MerganidaeSwainson 1837;MergidaeGray 1840 fide 1871;PlectropteridaeCarus;ErismaturidaeCarus 1868;TadornidaeCarus 1868] (ducks, geese and swans)
  • †Allgoviachen tortonicaMayr, Lechner & Böhme, 2022(Late Miocene)
  • †AnnakacygnaMatsuoka & Hasegawa 2022(Late Miocene)
    • †A. hajimeiMatsuoka & Hasegawa 2022
    • †A. yoshiiensisMatsuoka & Hasegawa 2022
  • †Bonibernicla ponderosaKuročkin 1985[Branta woolfendeniBickart 1990]
  • †Eonessa anaticulaWetmore 1938(Middle Eocene)
  • †Cygnavus(Early Oligocene – Early Miocene)
    • †C. senckenbergiLambrecht 1931
    • †C. formosusKorochkin 1968
  • †CygnopterusLambrecht 1931 (middle Oligocene – Early Miocene)– sometimes included inCygnavus
    • †C. neogradiensisKessler & Hir 2009
    • †C. affinis(Beneden 1883) Lambrecht 1931 [Sula affinisBeneden 1883;Palaeopapia hamsteadiensisHarrison & Walker 1979b]
  • †MionettaLivezey & Martin 1988 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
    • †M. robusta(Milne-Edwards 1868) Mlíkovský 2002 [Anas robustaMilne-Edwards, 1868;Anserobranta robusta(Milne-Edwards 1868) Cheneval 1987]
    • †M. arvernensis(Lydekker 1891a) [Aythya arvernensis(Lydekker 1891a) Brodkorb 1964;Fuligula arvernensisLydekker, 1891a]
    • †M. blanchardi(Milne-Edwards 1863) Livezey & Martin 1988 [Anas blanchardiMilne-Edwards 1863;Palaeortyx phasianoidesMilne-Edwards 1869;Anas macropteraMilne-Edwards 1871 Nomen nudum;Taoperdix phasianoides(Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1964;Dendrochen blanchardi(Milne-Edwards 1863) Cheneval 1983b]
    • †M. consobrina(Milne-Edwards 1867) Livezey & Martin 1988 [Anas consobrinaMilne-Edwards 1867;Dendrochen consobrina(Milne-Edwards 1867) Cheneval 1983b]
    • †M. natator(Milne-Edwards 1867) Livezey & Martin 1988 [Anas natatorMilne-Edwards 1867;Querquedula natator(Milne-Edwards 1867) Brodkorb 1962;Dendrochen natator(Milne-Edwards 1867) Cheneval 1983b]
  • †Notochen bannockburnensisWorthyet al., 2022(Early Miocene)
  • †Australotadorna alecwilsoniWorthy 2009 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • †PinpanettaWorthy 2009 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
    • †P. tedfordiWorthy 2009
    • †P. vickersrichaeWorthy 2009
    • †P. fromensisWorthy 2009
  • †Dunstanetta johnstoneorumWorthy et al. 2007 (Johnstone's ducks) (Early/Middle Miocene)
  • †ManuherikiaWorthy et al. 2007 (Early/Middle Miocene)
    • †M. lacustrinaWorthy et al. 2007 (Manuherikia duck)
    • †M. minutaWorthy et al. 2007 (Minute Manuherikia duck)
    • †M. douglasiWorthy et al. 2008 (Douglas' duck)
  • †Matanas enrightiWorthy et al. 2007 (Enright's ducks) (Early/Middle Miocene)
  • †MiotadornaWorthy et al. 2007 (Early/Middle Miocene)
    • †M. sanctibathansiWorthy et al. 2007 (St. Bathans shelducks) (Early/Middle Miocene)
    • †M. catrionaeTennyson et al. 2022 (Catriona's shelduck) (late Early/early Middle Miocene) (synonym ofM. sanctibathansi)
  • †Megalodytes morejohniHoward 1992 (Middle Miocene)
  • †Sinanas diatomasYeh 1980 (Middle Miocene)
  • †DendrochenMiller 1944 (Late Miocene)
    • †D. integra(Miller 1944) Cheneval 1987 [Querquedula integraMiller 1944;Anas integra(Miller 1944);Spatula integra(Miller 1944)]
    • †D. oligocaena(Tugarinov 1940) [Anas oligocaenaTugarinov 1940]
    • †D. robustaMiller 1944
  • †Presbychen abavusWetmore 1930 (Late Miocene)
  • †Afrocygnus chauvireaeLouchart et al. 2005 (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • †Balcanas pliocaenica(Early Pliocene) – may belong inTadorna
  • †Wasonaka yepomeraeHoward 1966 (Middle Pliocene)
  • †Paracygnus plattensisShort 1969 (Late Pliocene)
  • †AnaberniculaRoss 1935 (Late Pliocene? – Late Pleistocene)
    • †A. minuscula(Wetmore 1924) [Branta minusculaWetmore 1924] (Late Pliocene of Benson, Arizona)
    • †A. oregonensisHoward 1964b
    • †A. gracilentaRoss 1935
  • †Eremochen russelliBrodkorb 1961 (Pliocene)
  • †Tirarinetta kanunkaWorthy 2008 (Pliocene)
  • †BrantadornaHoward 1964 (Middle Pleistocene)
    • †B. downsiHoward 1964
    • †B. robusta(Short 1970) Livezey 1997 [Anabernicula robustaShort 1970]
  • †Nannonetta invisitataCampbell 1979 (Late Pleistocene)
  • †Aldabranas cabriHarrison & Walker 1978 (Late Pleistocene)
  • †Ankonetta larriestraiCenizo & Agnolín 2010
  • †Cayaoa brunetiTonni 1979
  • †ChenoanasZelenkov 2012
    • †C. asiaticaZelenkovet al.2018
    • †C. desertaZelenkov 2012
    • †C. sansaniensis(Milne-Edwards 1867) (Middle Miocene of Siberia and Late Miocene of France)
  • †Helonetta brodkorbiEmslie 1992
  • †Mioquerquedula minutissimaZelenkov & Kuročkin 2012 [Anas veloxMilne-Edwards 1867;Anas meyeriiMilne-Edwards, 1868;Nettion velox(Milne-Edwards 1868) Brodkorb 1964;Aythya meyerii(Milne-Edwards 1868) Brodkorb 1964] (Middle – Late? Miocene)
  • †Proanser majorUmanskaya 1979
  • †Shiriyanetta hasegawaiWatanabe & Matsuoka 2015
  • †Pleistoanser bravardiAgnolín 2006
  • †Lavadytis pyrenaeStidham & Hilton 2015
  • †Asiavis phosphaticaNesov 1986
  • †Nogusunna conflictoidesZelenkov 2011
  • †Sharganetta mongolicaZelenkov 2011
  • †ProtomelanittaZelenkov 2011
    • †P. gracilisZelenkov 2011
    • †P. shihuibas(Hou 1985) Zelenkov 2012 [Aythya shihuibasHou 1985]
  • †Bambolinetta lignitifila(Portis 1884) Mayr & Pavia 2014 [Anas lignitifilaPortis 1884] (Early Pliocene of Monte Bamboli, Italy)
  • †Heteroanser vicinus(Kuročkin 1976) Zelenkov 2012 [Heterochen vicinusKuročkin 1976;Anser vicinus(Kuročkin 1976) Mlíkovský & Švec 1986]
  • Placement unresolved
    • †"Anas"albaeJánossy 1979 (Late Miocene) – formerly inMergus
    • †"Anas"amotapeCampbell 1979
    • †"Anas"eppelsheimensisLambrecht 1933 (Early Pliocene)
    • †"Anas"isarensisLambrecht 1933 (Late Miocene)
    • †"Anas"luederitzensis(Early Miocene)
    • †"Anas"sanctaehelenaeCampbell 1979
    • †"Anser"scaldii[Anser scaldiiBeneden 1872 nomen nudum; "Anas" scaldii] (Late Miocene)
    • †"Aythya"chauvirae(Middle Miocene) – 2 species
    • †"Chenopis"nanusDe Vis 1905 (Pleistocene) – at least 2 taxa, may be living species
    • †"Cygnopterus"alphonsiCheneval 1984
    • †"Oxyura"doksanaMlíkovský 2002 (Early Miocene)
    • † "cf.Megalodytes"(Middle Miocene)
    • †Anatidae gen. et sp. indet. MNZ S42797 (Early/Middle Miocene)
    • †Anatidae gen. et spp. indet. (Middle Miocene)
    • †Anatidae gen. et spp. indet. (Late Miocene)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • BiziuraStephens 1824
      • †B. exhumataDeVis 1889
      • †B. delautouriForbes 1892 [Biziura lobata delautouri(Forbes 1892)] (New Zealand musk duck)
    • Dendrocygna
      • †D. eversaWetmore 1924
      • †D. valdipinnisDeVis 1888
      • †D. soporata(Kuročkin 1976) Mlíkovský & Švec 1986[Anas soporataKuročkin 1976]
    • Somateria(middle Oligocene – Recent)
    • Bucephala
      • †B. ceretiBoeuf & Mourer-Chauviré 1992
    • Clangula
      • †C. matraensisKessler 2009
    • Aix
      • †A. praeclaraZelenkov & Kuročkin 2012
    • Cygnus
      • †C. mariaeBickart 1990
      • †C. csakvarensis(Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1992 [Cygnus csákvárensisLambrecht 1931a nomen nudum;Cygnanser csakvarensis(Lambrecht 1933) Kretzoi 1957;Olor csakvarensis(Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1992b]
      • †C. liskunae(Kuročkin 1976) [Anser liskunaeKuročkin 1976]
      • †C. atavus(Fraas 1870) Mlíkovský 1992 [Anas atavaFraas 1870;Anas cygniformisFraas 1870;Palaelodus steinheimensisFraas 1870;Anser atavus(Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933;Anser cygniformis(Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933]
      • †C. paloregonusCope 1878 [Anser condoniSchufeldt 1892;Cygnus matthewiSchufeldt 1913]
      • †C. hibbardiBrodkorb 1958
      • †C. lacustris(De Vis 1905) [Archaeocygnus lacustrisDe Vis 1905]
      • †C. veraeBoev 2000
    • Chloephaga
      • †C. robustaTambussi 1998
    • Histrionicus
      • †Histrionicus shotwelli(Brodkorb 1961) [Ocyplonessa shotwelliBrodkorb 1961]
    • Mergus
      • †M. connectensJánossy 1972
      • †M. minorKessler 2009
      • †M. miscellusAlvarez & Olson 1978
    • Anas
      • †A. elapsaDeVis 1888 [Nettion elapsum(DeVis 1888)] (Chinchilla Late Pleistocene of Condamine River, Australia) ( "Nettion" )
      • †A. gracilipesDeVis 1905 [Nettion gracilipes(DeVis 1905)] (Late Pleistocene of Australia) ( "Nettion" )
      • †A. moldovica(Late Pliocene of Tchichmiknaia, Moldova?Georgia?)
      • †A. strenuum(Late Pleistocene of Patteramordu, Australia) ( "Nettion" )
      • †A. kisatibiensis[Anser kisatibiensis] (Early Pliocene of Kisatibi, Georgia)
      • †A. lambrechti(Spillman 1942) [Archeoquerquedula lambrechtiSpillman 1942;Archaeoquerquedula(sic)lambrechtiStephens;Querquedula lambrechti(Spillman 1942)](Late? Pleistocene of Santa Elena peninsula, Ecuador)
      • †A. itchtuckneeMcCoy 1963
      • †A. kurochkiniZelenkov & Panteleyev 2015
      • †A. pullulans(Brodkorb 1961)
      • †A. schneideriEmslie 1985
      • †A. bunkeri(Wetmore 1944) [Nettion bunkeriWetmore 1944]
      • †A. greeni(Brodkorb 1964) [Nettion greeniBrodkorb 1964]
      • †A. ogallalae(Brodkorb 1962) [Nettion ogallalaeBrodkorb 1962]
      • †A. cheuenAgnolín 2006
    • Anser
      • †A. arenosusBickart 1990
      • †A. arizonaeBickart 1990
      • †A. azerbaidzhanicusSerebrovsky 1940
      • †A. devjatkiniKuročkin 1971
      • †A. djuktaiensisZelenkov & Kuročkin 2014
      • †A. eldaricusBurchak-Abramovich & Gadzyev 1978
      • †A. oeningensis(Meyer 1865) Milne-Edwards 1867b [Anas oeningensisMeyer 1865]
      • †A. pratensis(Short 1970) [Heterochen pratensisShort 1970]
      • †A. tchikoicusKuročkin 1985
      • †A. thompsoniMartin & Mengel 1980
      • †A. thraceiensisBurchak-Abramovich & Nikolov 1984
      • †A. pressa(Brodkorb 1964) [Chen pressaBrodkorb 1964] (Dwarf Snow goose)
      • †A. udabnensisBurchak-Abramovich 1957
    • Aythya
      • †A. chauviraeCheneval 1987
      • †A. denesi(Kessler 2013) Zelenkov 2016 [Anas denesiKessler 2013]
      • †A. effodiata(DeVis 1905) [Nyroca effodiata DeVis 1905]
      • †A. magnaKuročkin 1985
      • †A. molesta(Kuročkin 1985) Zelenkov 1985 [Anas molestaKuročkin 1985]
      • †A. reclusa(DeVis 1888) [Nyroca reclusaDeVis 1888]
      • †A. robusta(DeVis 1888) [Nyroca robustaDeVis 1888]
      • †A. spatiosaKuročkin 1976
    • Branta
      • †B. dickeyMiller 1924
      • †B. esmeraldaBurt 1929
      • †B. howardaeMiller 1930
      • †B. hypsibata(Cope 1878) [Anser hypsibataCope 1878]
      • †B. propinquaSchufeldt 1892
      • †B. thessaliensisBoev & Koufos 2006
    • Oxyura
      • †O. bessomiHoward 1963
      • †O. hulbertiEmslie 1992
      • †O. zapatanimaAlvarez 1977
    • Chendytes
      • †O. milleriHoward 1955 (Early Pleistocene of San Nicolás Island US)
    • Lophodytes(Late Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Neochen
      • †N. barbadianaBrodkorb 1965
      • †N. debilis(Ameghino 1891) [Chenalopex debilisAmeghino 1891]
      • †N. pugil(Winge 1888) [Chenalopex pugilWinge 1888]
    • Tadorna
      • †T. minorKessler & Hir 2012
      • †T. petrinaKuročkin 1985

Galliformes

The group that includesdomestic chickensand their relatives.

• Placement unresolved
  • †Archaealectrornis sibleyiCrowe & Short 1992 (Oligocene) - phasianid?
  • †ArchaeophasianusLambrecht 1933 (Oligocene? - Late Miocene) - tetraonid or phasianid
    • †A. mioceanus(Shufeldt 1915) [Phasianus mioceanusShufeldt 1915]
    • †A. roberti(Stone 1915) [Phasianus robertiStone 1915]
  • †Austinornis lentus(Marsh 1877b) Clarke 2004 [Graculavus lentusMarsh 1877b;Ichthyornis lentus(Marsh 1877b) Marsh 1880;Pedioecetes lentus(Marsh 1877b);Pedioecetes phasianellus(Linnaeus 1758) Shufeldt 1915;Tetrao phasianellusLinnaeus 1758] - (Late Cretaceous) tentatively placed here;
  • †Chambiortyx cristataMourer-Chauviré et al. 2013
  • †"Cyrtonyx"tedfordi(Miller 1952) (Late Miocene)
  • †Linquornis gigantisYeh 1980 (middle Miocene)
  • †Namaortyx sperrgebietensisMourer-Chauviré, Pickford & 2011
  • †Palaealectoris incertusWetmore 1930 (Early Miocene) - tetraonid?
  • †Palaeoalectoris songlinensisHou 1987 (middle Miocene)
  • †Palaeonossax senectusWetmore 1956 (Late Oligocene) - cracid?
  • †PalaeortyxMilne-Edwards 1869 [PalaeoperdixMilne-Edwards 1869;ProalectorBrodkorb 1964] (middle Eocene -? Early Pliocene) - phasianid or odontophorid
    • †P. mediaMilne-Edwards 1871 (nomen nudum)
    • †P. volansGöhlich & Pavia 2008
    • †P. gallicaMilne-Edwards 1869 non Lydekker 1891 [Rallus dasypusMilne-Edwards 1892;Quercyrallus dasypus(Milne-Edwards) Lambrecht 1933;Taoperdix gallica(Milne-Edwards) Brodkorb 1964;?Palaeortyx intermediaBallmann 1969b;Coturnix gallica(Milne-Edwards) Mlýkovský 2002a]
    • †P. brevipesMilne-Edwards 1869 emend. Paris 1912 [Palaeortyx ocypteraMilne-Edwards 1892;Palaeortyx grivensisLydekker 1893 non Ballmann 1969a;Plioperdix grivensis(Lydekker 1893) Brodkorb 1964;Palaeortyx cayluxensisLydekker 1891 non Milne-Edwards 1892 emend. Gaillard 1908;Taoperdix brevipes(Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1964]
    • †P. prisca(Milne-Edwards 1869) [Alectoris prisca(Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlýkovský 2002a;Palaeoperdix priscaMilne-Edwards 1869 emend. Göhlich & Mourer-Chauviré 2005;Palaeoperdix sansaniensisMilne-Edwards 1869;Palaeocryptonyx grivensisEnnouchi 1930]
    • †P. phasianoidesMilne-Edwards 1869 [Palaeoperdix longipesMilne-Edwards 1869;Palaeortyx longipes(Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2000e;Coturnix longipes(Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2002;Palaeocryptonyx gaillardiaEnnouchi 1930;Proalector gaillardia(Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964;Palaeortyx phasianoides grivensisBallmann 1969a non Lydekker 1893b;Taoperdix phasianoides(Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1964]
    • †P. joleaudiEnnouchi 1930 [Plioperdix joleaudi(Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964;Palaeortyx deperetiEnnouchi 1930;Plioperdix depereti(Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964]
  • †Procrax brevipesTordoff & Macdonald 1957 (middle Eocene? - Early Oligocene) - cracid? gallinuloidid?
  • †ShandongornisYeh 1997 (middle Miocene)
    • †S. shanwanensisYeh 1997
    • †S. yinansisHou 2003
  • †Sobniogallus albinojamroziTomek et al. 2014
  • †TaoperdixMilne-Edwards 1869 (Late Oligocene) - gallinuloidid?
    • †T. pesseiti(Gervais 1862) [Tetrao pessietiGervais 1862]
    • †T. miocaena(Gaillard 1939) Ballmann 1969 [Palaeortyx miocaenaGaillard 1939]
  • Galliformes gen. et sp. indet. MCZ 342506 (Oligocene) - formerly inGallinuloides;phasianid?
• †GallinuloididaeLucas 1900
  • †Gallinuloides wyomingensisEastman 1900 (Early/middle Eocene)
  • †ParaortygoidesMayr 2000 (London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England – middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
    • †P. messelensisMayr 2000
    • †P. radagastiDyke & Gulas 2002
• †ParaortygidaeMourer-Chauviré 1992
  • †Pirortyx major(Gaillard 1939) Brodkorb 1964 [Palaeortyx majorGaillard 1939]
  • †Scopelortyx klinghardtensisMourer-Chauviré, Pickford & Senut 2015
  • †ParaortyxGaillard 1908 sensu Brodkorb 1964
    • †P. lortetiGaillard 1908 [Palaeortyx cayluxensisLydekker 1891;Palaeortyx gaillardiLambrecht 1933;Ludiortyx gaillardi(Lambrecht 1933) Brodkorb 1964]
    • †P. brancoiGaillard 1908
• †QuercymegapodiidaeMourer-Chauviré 1992
  • †Taubacrex granivoradAlvarenga 1988 (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Brazil)
  • †AmeripodiusAlvarenga 1995 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene of Brazil and France)
    • †A. silvasantosiAlvarenga 1995
    • †A. alexisMourer-Chauviré 2000
  • †QuercymegapodiusMourer-Chauviré 1992 (middle Eocene – Early Oligocene)
    • †Q. depereti(Gaillard 1908) [Palaeocryptonyx deperetiGaillard 1908]
    • †Q. brodkorbiMourer-Chauviré 1992
• Megapodidae– megapodes
  • †Ngawupodius minyaBoles & Ivison 1999
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • †Leipoa gallinacea– formerlyChosornis, Palaeopelargus, Progura
• Cracidae– guans and curassows
  • †Boreortalis laessleiBrodkorb 1954 (Early Miocene) – may be same asOrtalis
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Ortalis(Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †O. affinisFeduccia & Wilson 1967
      • †O. phengitesWetmore 1923
      • †O. pollicarisMiller 1944
      • †O. tantalaWetmore 1933
• Odontophoridae– New World quails
  • †Nanortyx inexpectatusWeigel 1963 (Cypress Hills Early Oligocene of North Calf Creek, Canada)
  • †Neortyx peninsularisHolman 1961 (Early Pleistocene of Reddick, US)
  • †MiortyxMiller 1944 (Rosebud Early Miocene of Flint Hill, US)
    • †M. teresMiller 1944
    • †M. aldeniHoward 1966
  • Placement unresolved
    • Odontophoridae gen. et sp. indet. KUVP 9393 (White River Early/middle Oligocene of Logan County, US)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • †Cyrtonyx cookiGutierrez et al. 1981 (Late Miocene? of Upper Sheep Creek, US)
    • †Callipepla shotwelli(Brodkorb 1958) [Lophortyx shotwelliBrodkorb 1958] (Middle Pliocene of McKay Reservoir, US)
    • †Colinus hibbardiWetmore 1944 (Rexroad Late Pliocene of Rexroad, US)
    • †Colinus suiliumBrodkorb 1959 (Early Pleistocene of SE US)
    • †Colinussp. (Late Pliocene of Benson, US)
    • †Dendrortyx?sp. (Late Pleistocene of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico)
• Phasianidae– pheasants, quails, partridges,grouseand turkeys
  • †Bantamyx georgicusKuročkin 1982
  • †Centuriavis lioaeKsepkaet al.,2022
  • †Diangallus miousHou 1985
  • †Lophogallus naranbulakensisZelenkov & Kuročkin 2010
  • †Megalocoturnix cordoniSánchez Marco 2009 (Early Pliocene of Layna, Spain)
  • †MiophasianusBrodkorb 1952 [MiophasianusLambrecht 1933 nomen nudum;MiogallusLambrecht 1933]
    • †M. maxima(Lydekker 1893) Brodkorb 1964 [Palaeortyx maximaLydekker 1893]
    • †M. altus(Milne-Edwards 1869) Villalta & Crusafont 1950 [Phasianus altusMilne-Edwards 1869;Miogallus altus(Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2002;Phasianus DesnoyersiiMilne-Edwards 1869;Ardea similisFraas 1870;Tantalus milne-edwardsiiShufeldt 1896;PseudotantalusMilne-Edwardsi (Shufeldt 1896) Sharpe;Gallus longaevusAmmon 1918;Phasianus augustusAmmon 1918;Botaurites similis(Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933;Miophasianus augustus(Ammon 1918) Lambrecht 1933;Miophasianus desnoyersii(Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933;Miogallus longaevus(Ammon 1918) Lambrecht 1933;Proardea similis(Ammon 1870) Gaillard 1939;Ibis milne-edwardsi(Shufeldt 1896) Brodkorb 1963c]
    • †M. medius(Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933 [Phasianus mediusMilne-Edwards 1869;Palaeoperdix medius(Milne-Edwards 1869) Cheneval 2000]
  • †Proagriocharis kimballensisMartin & Tate 1970 (Kimball Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lime Creek, US)
  • †PalaeocryptonyxDepéret 1892 [ChauvireriaBoev 1997;PliogallusTugarinov 1940b non Gaillard 1939;LambrechtiaJanossy 1974] (Late Pliocene of SW Europe)
    • †P. donnezaniDepéret 1892 [Francolinus ČapekiLambrecht 1933;Pliogallus coturnoidesTugarinov 1940b;Plioperdix coturnoides(Tugarinov 1940b) Kretzoi 1955b;Francolinus capeki wenzensisJánossy 1974a;Francolinus capeki villányiensisJánossy 1974a;Francolinus (Lambrechtia) capeki(Lambrecht 1933) Jánossy 1974a;Alectoris baryosefiTchernov 1980;Francolinus wezensis(Jánossy 1974a) Jánossy 1981;Plioperdix capeki(Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1995b;Alectoris donnezani(Depéret 1892) Mlíkovský 2002;Chauvireria balcanicaBoev 1997a]
    • †P. grivensisEnnouchi 1930
    • †P. novakiSánchez Marco 2009
    • †P. edwardsi(Depéret 1887) Ballmann 1969a [Palaeortyx edwardsiDepéret 1887;Palaeortyx miocaenaGaillard 1939;Taoperdix miocaena(Gaillard 1939) Ballmann 1969;Palaeoperdix edwardsi(Depéret 1887) Brodkorb 1964;Alectoris edwardsi(Depéret 1887) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • †P. minor(Jánossy 1974) [Francolinus minorJánossy 1974;Ammoperdix ponticusTugarinov 1940b;Pliogallus ponticus(Tugarinov 1940);Plioperdix ponticus(Tugarinov 1940) Kuročkin 1985;Francolinus (Lambrechtia) minorJánossy 1974a]
    • †P. subfrancolinus(Jánossy 1976b) [Francolinus subfrancolinusJánossy 1976b;Plioperdix subfrancolinus(Jánossy 1976b) Mlíkovský 1995b]
  • †PliogallusBěljajeva 1948
    • †P. coturnoidesBěljajeva 1948
    • †P. csarnotanusKessler & Horváth 2022
  • †PlioperdixKretzoi 1955 [PliogallusGaillard 1939 non Tugarinov 1940]
    • †P. crassipes(Gaillard 1939) [Pliogallus crassipesGaillard 1939]
    • †P. kormosi(Gaillard 1939) [Pliogallus kormosiGaillard 1939]
    • †P. africanaMourer-Chauviré & Geraads 2010
    • †P. hungarica(Jánossy 1991) Zelenkov & Panteleyev 2014 [Palaeocryptonyx hungaricusJánossy 1991]
  • †Rustaviornis georgicusBurchak-Abramovich & Meladze 1972
  • †Rhegminornis calobatesWetmore 1943 (Early Miocene of Bell, US)
  • †Schaubortyx keltica(Eastman 1905) Brodkorb 1964 [Taoperdix kelticaEastman 1905] (middle Eocene – Early Oligocene)
  • †ShandongornisYeh 1997
    • †S. shanwanensisYeh 1997
    • †S. yinansisHou 2003
  • †Shanxiornis fenyinisWang et al. 2006
  • †TologuicaZelenkov & Kuročkin 2009 (Middle Miocene of Sharga, Mongolia)
    • †T. auroraeZelenkov & Kuročkin 2009
    • †T. karhuiZelenkov & Kuročkin 2009
  • Placement unresolved
    • Tetraoninae gen. et sp. indet. (Sajóvölgyi Middle Miocene of Mátraszõlõs, Hungary)
    • Meleagridae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of Westmoreland County, US)
    • "Tympanchus"stirtoniMiller 1944 (Early Miocene of South Dakota)
    • "Tympanuchus" lulliShuefeldt 1915 (Pleistocene? of New Jersey)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Coturnix(Late Oligocene – Recent)
    • Bambusicola(Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †B. dalianensis(Hou 1990) [Tetrastes dalianensisHou 1990]
      • †B. niniSánchez Marco 2009
      • †B. praebonasia(Jánossy 1974) Bocheński 1991 [Tetrastes praebonasiaJánossy 1974]
    • Phasianus(Late Miocene)
      • †P. lufengiaHou 1985
      • †P. yanshansisHuang & Hou 1984
    • Crossoptilon
      • †C. jiaiHou 1982
    • Lophura
      • †L. wayreiHarrison & Walker 1982
    • Gallus(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †G. aesculapiiJánossy 1976
      • †G. beremendensisJánossy 1977
      • †G. georgicus
      • †G. imereticus
      • †G. karabachensisBaryšnikov & Potapova 1995 (Giant junglefowl)
      • †G. kudarensisBurčak-Abramovič & Potapova
      • †G. meschtscheriensis
      • †G. tamanensis
    • Lagopus(Early? Pliocene – Recent)
      • †L. atavusJánossy 1974
      • †L. balcanicusBoev 1995
      • †L. lagopus noaillensisMourer-Chauviré 1975
      • †L. muta correzensisMourer-Chauviré 1975
    • Meleagris(Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †M. celerMarsh 1872
      • †M. tridensWetmore 1931
      • †M. progenes(Brodkorb 1964) [Agriocharis progenesBrodkorb 1964]
      • †M. leopoldi
      • †M. anza(Howard 1963) [Agriocharis anzaHoward 1963]
      • †M. crassipesRea 1980
    • Pavo(Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †P. bravardi(Gervais 1849) [Gallus moldovicusAbramovich, Ganea & Shushpanov 1993]
    • Tetrao(Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †T. conjugensJánossy 1974
      • †T. macropusJánossy 1976
      • †T. partium(Kretzoi 1962)
      • †T. praeurogallusJánossy 1969
      • †T. rhodopensisBoev 1998
    • Lyrurus
      • †Lyrurus tetrix longipes
    • Francolinus(Late Pliocene – Recent)
      • †F. capekiJánossy 1974
      • †F. villanyiensisJánossy 1974
      • †F. wenzensisJánossy 1974
    • Perdix(Early Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †P. inferna(Kurochkin 1985) [Lophura infernaKuročkin 1985]
      • †P. margaritaeKuročkin 1985
      • †P. palaeoperdixMourer-Chauviré 1975
    • Syrmaticus
      • †S. kozlovaeKuročkin 1985
    • Bonasa(Early/Middle Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †B. dalianensis(Hou 1990) [Tetrastes dalianensisHou 1990]
      • †B. niniSánchez Marco 2009
      • †B. praebonasia(Jánossy 1974) Bocheński 1991 [Tetrastes praebonasiaJánossy 1974]
    • Dendragapus(Late Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †D. gilli(Brodkorb 1964) [Palaeotetrix gilliBrodkorb 1964]
      • †D. lucasiJehl 1969
    • Alectoris
      • †A. baryosefiTchernov 1980
      • †A. bavaricaBallmann 1969
      • †A. peiiHou 1982

Charadriiformes

Gulls,auks,shorebirds

• Basal and unresolved taxa
  • Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Cretaceous) – burhinid? basal?
  • "Morsoravis"(Late Paleocene/Early Eocene) – anomen nudum?
  • Jiliniornis(middle Eocene) – charadriid?
  • Boutersema(Early Oligocene) – glareolid?
  • Turnipax(Early Oligocene) – turnicid?
  • Elorius(Early Miocene)
  • "Larus desnoyersii(Early Miocene of SE France) – larid? stercorarid?
  • "Larus pristinus(John Day Early Miocene of Willow Creek, US) – larid?
  • Charadriiformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – several species, 1 probably larid
  • Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene)
  • "Totanus"teruelensis(Late Miocene of Los Mansuetos, Spain) – scolopacid? larid?
  • "Actitis"balcanica(Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria) – scolopacid? charadriid?
• Scolopacidae– waders and snipes
  • Paractitis(Early Oligocene)
  • Mirolia(Middle Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Scolopacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle – Late Miocene)
    • Scolopacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Pliocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Limosa(Late Eocene? – Recent)
    • Tringa(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene? – Recent) – includesTotanus
    • Gallinago(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Scolopax(Early/Middle Pliocene? – Recent)
    • Phalaropus(Middle Pliocene – Recent)
    • Actitis(Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Numenius(Late Pleistocene – Recent) – includesPalnumenius
• Jacanidae– jacanas
  • Nupharanassa(Early Oligocene)
  • Janipes
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Jacana farrandi
• Laridae– gulls
  • Laridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Oligocene)
  • Laricola(Late Oligocene/Early Miocene) – larid? Formerly"Larus" elegansand"L." totanoides
  • GaviotaMiller & Sibley 1941 non Fischer 1983(Middle/Late Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Larus(Middle Miocene – Recent)
• Alcidae– auks
  • Hydrotherikornis(Late Eocene)
  • Pseudocepphus(Middle – Late Miocene)
  • Petralca(Early –? Late Oligocene)
  • Miocepphus(Middle Miocene)
  • Alcodes(Late Miocene)
  • Praemancalla(Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • Mancalla(Late Miocene – Early Pleistocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Cepphus(Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Cerorhinca(Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Uria(Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Aethia(Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Alca(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Synthliboramphus(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Fratercula(Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Pinguinus(Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Brachyramphus(Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Ptychoramphus(Late Pliocene – Recent)
• Stercorariidae– skuas and jaegers
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Stercorariussp. (Middle Miocene)
    • Stercorarius shufeldti(Fossil Lake Middle Pleistocene of WC US)
    • Prehistoric subspecies of extant species
      • Stercorarius pomarinusphilippi
• Glareolidae– pratincoles
  • Paractiornis(Agate Fossil Beds Early Miocene of Sioux County, US)
  • Mioglareola(Early Miocene of Czech Republic) - formerly"Larus" dolnicensis
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Glareola neogena
• Burhinidae– thick-knees
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Burhinus lucorum(Early Miocene)
    • Burhinus aquilonaris
    • Burhinussp. (Cuba, West Indies)
    • Burhinussp. (Late Pleistocene of Las Higueruelas, Spain)
    • Prehistoric subspecies of extant species
      • Burhinus bistriatusnanus(Bahamas, West Indies)
• Charadriidae– plovers
  • Limicolavis(John Day Early Miocene of Malheur County, US)
  • Viator(Late Pleistocene of Talara, Peru) – may be synonym ofVanellus(orBelanopteryxif valid)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Vanellus(Middle/Late Pleistocene – Recent) – includesBelanopteryx
  • Additional prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Oreopholus orcesi
• Recurvirostridae– avocets
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Himantopus(Late Miocene – Recent)
  • Additional prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Recurvirostra sanctaeneboulae

†Gastornithiformes(extinct)

The diatrymas, a group of huge flightless Paleogene birds of unclear affinities. Traditionally placed within the Gruiformes, they are usually considered a distinct order nowadays and appear closer to the Anseriformes.

• Gastornithidae
  • †Ornitholithes biroiDughi & Sirugue 1969 [ootaxa- Gastornis?]
  • †Ornithoformipes controversus[ichnotaxa]
  • †Rivavipes giantess[ichnotaxa]
  • †Gasthornithidae gen. et sp. indet. (Paleocene) – possiblyGastornis
  • †Gasthornithidae gen. et sp. indet. YPM PU 13258 (Early Eocene) – possibly juvenileGastornis giganteus
  • †"Diatryma" coteiGalliard 1936 (middle-Late Eocene)
  • †GastornisHébert 1855 [DiatrymaCope 1876;BarornisMarsh 1894;OmorhamphusSinclair 1928;PalaeornisBonaparte 1856;MacrornisSeeley 1866;ZhongyuanusHou 1980] (Late Paleocene – middle Eocene)
    • †G. parisiensisHébert 1855 [Gastornis edwardsiiLemoine 1878;Gastornis klaasseniNewton 1885]
    • †G. giganteus(Cope 1876) [Diatryma giganteaCope 1876;Barornis regensMarsh 1894;Diatryma regens(Marsh 1894);Omorhamphus storchiiSinclair 1928 (juvenile);Diatryma steiniMatthew & Granger 1917;Diatryma ajaxShufeldt 1913;Gastornis ajax(Shufeldt 1913) Brodkorb 1967]
    • †G. sarasini(Schaub 1929) Mlíkovský 2002 [Diatryma sarasiniSchaub, 1929b;Diatryma geiselensisFischer 1978;Gastornis geiselensis(Fischer 1978)]
    • †G. russeliMartin 1992
    • †G. xichuanensis(Hou 1980) Buffetaut 2013 [Zhongyuanus xichuanensisHou 1980]

Gruiformes

The group that includes modernrailsandcranes.Probablyparaphyletic.

• Placement unresolved
  • †RupelrallusFischer 1997(Early Oligocene)– rallid? parvigruid?
    • †R. belgicusMayr 2012
    • †R. saxoniensisFischer 1997
  • † "Gruiformes" gen. et sp. indet. MNZ S42623 (Early/Middle Miocene)–Aptornithidae?
• †SongziidaeHou 1990possibly anomen nudum
  • †SongziaHou 1990(Eocene) possibly anomen nudum
    • †S. heidangkouensisHou 1990
    • †S. acutunguisWang et al. 2012
• †EogruidaeWetmore 1934

• • †Sonogrus gregalisKuročkin 1981(Ergilin Dzo Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Khor Dzan, Mongolia)
  • †EogrusWetmore 1932[ProgrusBendukidze 1971] (Irdin Manha Middle/Late Eocene – Tung Gur Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Mongolia)
    • †E. aeolaWetmore 1932
    • †E. crudusKuročkin 1981
    • †E. turanicus(Bendukidze 1971)[Progrus turanicusBendukidze 1971]
    • †E. wetmoreiBrodkorb 1967
  • †Ergilornithinae
  • †Proergilornis minorKozlova 1960(Early/middle Oligocene of Ergil-Obo, Mongolia)
  • †ErgilornisKozlova 1960(Early/middle Oligocene of Ergil-Obo, Mongolia)
    • †E. rapidus
    • †E. minor
  • †AmphipelargusLydekker 1891[UrmiornisHarrison 1981]
    • †A. brodkorbi(Karkhu 1997)[Urmiornis brodkorbiKarkhu 1997]
    • †A. majoriLydekker 1891[Amphipelargus maraghanus(Mecquenem 1925) Kuročkin 1985;Urmiornis maraghanusMecquenem 1925] [treated as ciconiid by Louchart et al. 2005]
    • †A. dzabghanensisKuročkin 1985
    • †A. cracrafti(Harrison & Walker 1982) Kuročkin 1985[Urmiornis cracraftiHarrison & Walker 1982]
    • †A. ukrainus(Kuročkin 1981) Kuročkin 1985[Urmiornis ukrainusKuročkin 1981]
    • †A. orientalis(Kuročkin 1981) Kuročkin 1985[Urmiornis orientalisKuročkin 1981]
• †GeranoididaeWetmore 1933
  • †Eogeranoides campivagusCracraft 1969(Willwood Early Eocene of Foster Gulch, US)
  • †Geranoides jepseniWetmore 1933(Willwood Early Eocene of South Elk Creek, US)
  • †Geranodornis a EnigmaCracraft 1969(Bridger middle Eocene of Church Buttes, US)
  • †Galligeranoides boriensisBourdon, Mourer-Chauviré & Laurent 2014
  • †PalaeophasianusShufeldt 1913(Willwood Early Eocene of Bighorn County, US)
    • †P. meleagroidesShufeldt 1913
    • †P. incompletusCracraft 1969
  • †ParagrusLambrecht 1933(Early Eocene of WC US)
    • †P. prentici(Loomis 1906) Lambrecht 1933[Gallinuloides prenticiLoomis 1906;Grus prentici(Loomis 1906)]
    • †P. shufeldtiCracraft 1969
• †ParvigruidaeMayr 2005
  • †Parvigrus pohliMayr 2005(Early Oligocene of Pichovet, France)
• AramidaeBonaparte 1854
  • †Badistornis aramusWetmore 1940(middle Oligocene)– aramid?
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Aramus paludigrusRasmussen 1997(Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia)- Aramid
• Gruidae– cranes
  • †Camusia quintanaiSeguí 2002(Late Miocene of Menorca, Mediterranean)
  • †AramornisWetmore 1926(Middle Miocene) – gruid? aramid?
    • †A. longurioWetmore 1926
    • †A. robalearica
    • †A. crataegensis
  • †PalaeogrusPortis 1885(middle Eocene of Germany and Italy – Middle Miocene of France)
    • †P. princepsPortis 1884[Ornitocnemus robustus(sic) Zigno 1875 nomen nudum;Grus princeps(Portis 1885) Lydekker 1891a]
    • †P. hordwelliensis(Lydekker 1891) Lambrecht 1933[Grus hordwellianusLydekker 1891;Ornitocnemus hordwelliensis(Lydekker) Brodkorb 1967]
    • †P. mainburgensisGöhlich 2003
  • †Geranopsis hastingsiaeLydekker 1871Hordwell Late Eocene– Early Oligocene of England)– gruiform (gruid?) or anseriform (anseranatid?)?
  • †Eobalearica tugarinoviGureev 1949(Ferghana Late? Eocene of Ferghana, Uzbekistan)
  • †Pliogrus(Early Pliocene of Eppelsheim, Germany)
  • †Probalearica mongolicaKurochkin 1985(Late Oligocene? – Middle Pliocene) gruid? Anomen dubium?
  • Gruidae gen. et sp. indet. – formerlyGrus confertaMiller & Sibley 1942(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Contra Costa County, US)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Balearica(Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †B. crataegensis(Brodkorb 1963)[Probalearica crataegensisBrodkorb 1963]
      • †B. excelsa(Milne-Edwards 1871) Mlíkovský 2002[Palaeogrus excelsa(Milne-Edwards 1871) Lambrecht 1933;Grus excelsaMilne-Edwards 1871;Ornitocnemus excelsus(Milne-Edwards 1871) Brodkorb 1967]
      • †B. exiguaFeduccia & Voorhies 1992
      • †B. rummeli(Mlíkovský 1998) Mourer-Chauviré 2001[Basityto rummeliMlíkovský 1998] (giant barn-owl)
    • Grus(Middle/Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †G. bogatshevi
      • †G. haydeniMarsh 1870
      • †G. latipes[Baeopteryx latipes]
      • †G. moldavica(Kuročkin & Ganya 1972) Mlíkovský 2002[Probalearica moldavicaKuročkin & Ganya 1972]
      • †G. nannodesWetmore & Martin 1930
      • †G. pageiCampbell 1995
      • †G. penteliciGaudry 1862[Pliogrus pentelici(Gaudry 1862) Lambrecht 1933;G. afghanaMourer-Chauviré et al. 1985]
      • †G. primigeniaMilne-Edwards 1869
      • †G. melitensisLydekker 1890(Maltese crane)
• Rallidae– rails
  • †AletornisMarsh 1872[ProtogrusLambrecht 1933] (middle Eocene)
    • †A. marshi(Shufeldt 1915) Lambrecht 1933[Grus marshiShufeldt 1915;Protogrus marshi(Shufeldt 1915)]
    • †A. bellusMarsh 1872
    • †A. gracilisMarsh 1872
    • †A. nobilisMarsh 1872[Grus nobilis(Marsh 1872) Shufeldt;Protogrus nobilis(Marsh 1872) Lambrecht 1933]
    • †A. pernixMarsh 1872
  • †AustrallusWorthy & Boles 2011
    • †A. disneyi(Boles 2005) Worthy & Boles 2011[Gallinula disneyiBoles 2005]
    • †A. gagensisWorthy & Boles 2011
  • †Baselrallus intermediusDe Pietri & Mayr 2014
  • †BelgirallusMayr & Smith 2001(Early Oligocene)
    • †B. minutusMayr & Smith 2001
    • †B. oligocaenusMayr & Smith 2001
  • †Creccoides osborniiShufeldt 1892(Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene)
  • †EocrexWetmore 1931(Early Eocene)
    • †E. primusWetmore 1931
    • †E. tagusevaePanteleyev 2001
  • †EuryonotusMercerat 1897(Pleistocene)– rallid?
    • †E. uspallatensisMercerat 1897
    • †E. brachypterusMercerat 1897
    • †E. argentinusMercerat 1897
  • †Fulicaletornis venustus(Marsh 1872) Lambrecht 1933[Aletornis venustusMarsh 1872] (middle Eocene)
  • †Ibidopsis hordwelliensisLydekker 1891(Late Eocene)
  • †LatiponsHarrison & Walker 1979(middle Eocene)
    • †L. gardneriHarrison & Walker 1979
    • †L. robinsoniHarrison & Walker 1979
  • †Miofulica dejardini(Van Beneden 1871) Lambrecht 1933[Fulica dejardiniiVan Beneden 1871] (Middle Miocene)
  • †Miorallus major(Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933[Rallus majorMilne-Edwards 1869] (Middle – Late Miocene)
  • †PalaeoaramidesLambrecht 1933[PararallusLambrecht 1933;TertiariaporphyrulaKuročkin & Ganya 1972] (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene – Late Miocene)
    • †P. lungi(Kuročkin & Ganya 1972) Olson 1977[Tertiariaporphyrula lungiKuročkin & Ganya 1972;Mioporphyrula lungi(Kurochkin &Ganya 1972)]
    • †P. minutusCracraft 1973
    • †P. tugarinoviKuročkin 1980[Tertiariaporphyrula tugarinovi(Kurochkin, 1980)]
    • †P. christyi(Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933[Rallus christyiMilne-Edwards 1869;Rallus eximiusMilne-Edwards 1869;Palaeoaramides eximius(Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1967]
    • †P. minor[Rallus minor]
    • †P. beaumontii(Milne-Edwards 1869) Cracraft 1973[Rallus beaumontiiMilne-Edwards 1869;Pararallus beaumontii(Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1967);Tertiariaporphyrula beaumonti(Milne-Edwards) Kuročkin & Ganea 1972;Rallus disparMilne-Edwards 1869;Pararallus dispar(Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933;Palaeoaramides dispar(Milne-Edwards 1869)]
  • †PalaeorallusWetmore 1931 (Early Eocene)
    • †P. troxelliWetmore 1931
    • †P. brodkorbiCracraft 1973
  • †Paraortygometra porzanoides(Milne-Edwards 1871) Lambrecht 1933[MicrorallusŠvec 1983;Rallus porzanoidesMilne-Edwards 1871;Microrallus fejfariŠvec 1983] (Late Oligocene/?Early Miocene –? Middle Miocene)
  • †ParvirallusHarrison & Walker 1979(Early – middle Eocene)
    • †P. gracilisHarrison & Walker 1979
    • †P. bassettiHarrison 1984
    • †P. gassoniHarrison 1984
    • †P. mediusHarrison 1984
  • †Pastushkinia zazhigini(Kuročkin 1980) Zelenkov 2013[Crex zazhiginiKuročkin 1980]
  • †Pleistorallus flemingiWorthy 1997(Fleming's rails)
  • †Quercyrallus(Late Eocene –? Late Oligocene)
    • †Q. ludianusBrodkorb 1963[Quercyrallus intermediusMilne-Edwards 1868;Rallus adelusOberholser 1917;Ludiortyx adelus(Oberholser 1917)]
    • †Q. arenarius(Milne-Edwards 1891) Lambrecht 1933[Rallus arenariusMilne-Edwards 1891]
    • †Q. quercyCracraft 1973
  • †Rallicrex(Middle/Late Oligocene)
    • †R. litkensisKessler & Hir 2012
    • †R. polgardiensisJánossy 1991
    • †R. kolozsvarensisLambrecht 1933
  • †Rhenanorallus rhenanusMayr 2010
  • †Wanshuina liiHou 1994
  • †Youngornis(Middle Miocene)
    • †Y. gracilisYeh 1981
    • †Y. qiluensisYeh & Bo 1989
  • Placement unresolved
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene)– several species
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP V55013/-14; UMMP V55012/V45750/V45746 (Late Pliocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP V29080 (Late Pliocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Bermuda, West Atlantic)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Rallus[†EpirallusMiller 1942] (Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †R. auffenbergi(Brodkorb 1954)[Porzana auffenbergiBrodkorb 1954]
      • †R. cyanocaviSteadman & Wright 2013
      • †R. ibycusOlson & Wingate 2000
      • †R. lacustrisBrodkorb
      • †R. minutusAlcover et al. 2015 non Pallas 1776 non Gmelin 1789 non Forster 1844
      • †R. natator(Miller 1942)[Epirallus natatorMiller 1942]
      • †R. phillipsiWetmore
      • †R. prenticeiWetmore 1944
      • †R. recessusOlson & Wingate 2001
      • †R. richmondiOlson 1977[Rallus dubiusPortis 1887 non Piller & Mitterpacher 1783]
    • Porzana(Middle? Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. botunensisBoev 2015
      • †P. estramosiJánossy 1979
      • †P. kretzoiiKessler 2009
      • †P. matraensisKessler 2009
      • †P. pierceiOlson & Wingate 2000
      • †P. risillusKuročkin 1980[Rallus risillus(Kuročkin 1980) Kuročkin 1985]
    • Gallinula(Late Oligocene – Recent)
      • †G. balcanicaBoev 1999
      • †G. brodkorbiMcCoy 1963
      • †G. giganteaČernov 1980
      • †G. kansarumBrodkorb 1967[Fulica americana(in partim)]
    • Fulica(Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †F. infelixBrodkorb 1961
      • †F. podagricaBrodkorb 1965 (nomen dubium)
      • †F. stekelesiTchernov 1968
    • Laterallus
      • †L. gutiBrodkorb 1952
      • †L. insignisFeduccia 1968(Rexroad Late Pliocene of Rexroad, US)
      • †L. sp.(Late Pliocene of Macasphalt Shell Pit, US)
    • Coturnicops
      • †C. avitaFeduccia 1968(Glenns Ferry Late Pliocene of Hagerman, US)
    • Porphyrio
      • †P. parvusHarrison & Walker 1982

Eurypygiformes

• †AptornithidaeBonaparte 1856
  • †Aptornis proasciarostratusWorthy, Tennyson & Scofield 2011
• EurypygidaeSelby 1840
  • †Eoeurypyga olsoniWeidig 2003 nomen nudum
• †MesselornithidaeHesse 1988–Messel-birds
  • †Pellornis mikkelseniBertelli, Chiappe & Mayr 2011
  • †Itardiornis hessaeMourer-Chauviré 1995
  • †MesselornisHesse 1988
    • †M. russelliMourer-Chauviré 1995[ "Messelornis" russelli sensu Mayr 2007]
    • †M. nearcticaHesse 1992
    • †M. cristataHesse 1988

Cariamiformes

• †Itaboravis elaphrocnemoidesMayr, Alvarenga & Clarke 2011
• †Walbeckornis creberMayr 2007
• †QianshanornithidaeMayr et al. 2013
  • †Qianshanornis rapaxMayr et al. 2013
• †SalmilidaeMayr 2002

  

  Salmila

  • †Salmila robustaMayr 2000
• †AmeghinornithidaeMourer-Chauviré 1981
  • †StrigogypsGaillard 1908[A Enigma visPeters 1987;AmeghinornisMourer-Chauviré 1981;EocathartesLambrecht 1935 non Wetmore 1944;GeiselocerosLambrecht 1935]
    • †S. dubiusGaillard 1908
    • †S. robustus(Lambrecht 1935)[Eocathartes robustusLambrecht 1935;Geiseloceros robustusLambrecht 1935] (middle Eocene of Germany)
    • †S. sapea(Peters 1987)[A Enigma vis sapeaPeters 1987;Ameghinornis minorMourer-Chauviré 1981]

• †BathornithidaeWetmore 1933
  • †Eutreptornis uintaeCracraft 1971(Uinta Late Eocene of Ouray Agency, US)
  • †Neocathartes grallator(Wetmore 1944) Wetmore 1950[EocathartesWetmore 1944 non Lambrecht 1935;Eocathartes grallatorWetmore 1944;Bathornis grallator(Wetmore 1944) Olson 1985] (Late Eocene)
  • †ParacraxBrodkorb 1964(Early/middle Oligocene of Gerry's Ranch, US – Brule Late Oligocene of South Dakota, US)
    • †P. antiqua(Marsh 1871) Cracraft 1971[Meleagris antiquusMarsh 1871;Oligocorax mediterraneus(Shufeldt 1915);Phalacrocorax mediterraneusShufeldt 1915]
    • †P. wetmoreiCracraft 1968
    • †P. giganteaCracraft 1968
  • †Bathornithidae gen. nov. (Early – middle Oligocene of C US) – formerlyBathornis celeripesWetmore 1933andB. cursorWetmore 1933
  • †BathornisWetmore 1927(Early Oligocene – Early Miocene of C US)
    • †B. minorCracraft 1971
    • †B. veredusWetmore 1927[Palaeogyps prodromusWetmore 1927] (Early Oligocene of WC North America)
    • †B. fax(Wetmore 1927) Cracraft 1968[Palaeocrex faxWetmore 1927]
    • †B. geographicusWetmore 1942
    • †B. frickiCracraft 1968

Paraphysornis

• †IdiornithidaeBrodkorb 1965[Orthocnemidae]
  • †DynamopterusMilne-Edwards 1892[IdiornisOberholser 1899;OrthocnemusMilne-Ewards 1892 non Jekel 1854] (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany –? Quercy Phosphorites middle Oligocene of Quercy, France)
    • †I. cursor(Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899[Orthocnemus cursorMilne-Edwards 1892;Orthocnemus majorMilne-Edwards 1892;Idiornis major(Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899]
    • †I. gallicus(Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899[Filholornis gravisMilne-Edwards 1892;Orthocnemus gallicusMilne-Edwards 1892;Agnopterus gallicus(Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • †I. gracilis(Milne-Edwards 1892) Mourer-Chauviré 1983[Elaphrocnemus gracilisMilne-Edwards 1892;Agnopterus gracilis(Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • †I. minor(Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899[Orthocnemus minorMilne-Edwards 1892;Agnopterus minor(Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • †D. anthracinus(Mayr 2002) Mourer-Chauviré 2013[Idiornis anthracinusMayr 2002]
    • †D. tuberculata(Peters 1995) Mourer-Chauviré 2013[Idiornis tuberculataPeters 1995]
    • †D. gaillardi(Cracraft 1973) Mourer-Chauviré 2013[Idiornis gaillardiCracraft 1973]
    • †D. itardiensis(Mourer-Chauviré 1983) Mourer-Chauviré 2013[Idiornis itardiensisMourer-Chauviré 1983;Agnopterus itardiensis(Mourer-Chauviré 1983) Mlíkovský 2002]
  • †TalantatosReichenbach 1852[ElaphrocnemusMilne-Edwards 1892;FilholornisMilne-Edwards 1892] (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of France)
    • †T. bordkorbi(Mourer-Chauviré 1983) Mlíkovský 2002[Elaphrocnemus bordkorbiMourer-Chauviré 1983]
    • †T. crex(Milne-Edwards 1892)[Elaphrocnemus crexMilne-Edwards 1892]
    • †T. phasianus(Milne-Edwards 1892)[Elaphrocnemus phasianusMilne-Edwards 1892;Filholornis debilisMilne-Edwards 1892;Filholornis paradoxaMilne-Edwards 1892]
    • †T. fossilis(Giebel 1847) Reichenbach 1852[Tantalus fossilisGiebel 1847;Orthocnemus majorMilne-Edwards 1892;Idiornis major(Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899;Telecrex peregrinusMlíkovský 1989b]
    • †T. proudlocki(Harrison & Walker 1979) Mlíkovský 2002[Percolinus proudlockiHarrison & Walker 1979]
  • †GypsornisMilne-Edwards 1869[PercolinusHarrison & Walker 1977] (Montmartre Late Eocene of Montmartre, France)
    • †G. cuvieriMilne-Edwards 1869
    • †G. venablesi(Harrison & Walker 1977) Mlíkovský 2002[Percolinus venablesiHarrison & Walker 1977]
  • †PropelargusLydekker 1891[OblitavisMourer-Chauviré 1983] (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)
    • †P. edwardsi
    • †P. insolitus(Mourer-Chauviré 1983) Mlíkovský 2002[Oblitavis insolitusMourer-Chauviré 1983]
    • †P. cayluxensisLydekker 1891
  • †Occitaniavis elatus(Milne-Edwards 1892) Mourer-Chauvire 1983[GeranopsisMilne-Edwards 1892 non Lydekker 1891a;Geranopsis elatusMilne-Edwards 1892;Propelargus elatus(Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský 2002]
  • †IbidopodiaMilne-Edwards 1868(Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of France) – threskiornithid?
    • †I. chavrochensisDe Pietri & Mayr 2014
    • †I. minutaDe Pietri & Mayr 2014
    • †I. palustrisMilne-Edwards 1868
• †PhorusrhacidaeAmeghino 1899– Terror birds
  • †Lavocatavis africanaMourer-Chauviré et al. 2011
  • †Patagorhacos terrificusAgnolin & Chafrat 2015
  • †EleutherornisSchaub 1940(Late Eocene)
    • †E. helveticusSchaub 1940
    • †E. coteiGaillard 1936
  • †Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensisAlvarenga 1985(Middle Paleocene)
  • †Procariama simplexRovereto 1914(Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • †PsilopterusMoreno & Mercerat 1891[PelecyornisAmeghino 1891;StaphylornisMercerat 1897] (middle Oligocene – Late Miocene)
    • †P. bachmanni(Moreno & Mercerat 1891)[Patagornis bachmanniMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Psilopterus communisMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Psilopterus intermediusMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Phororhacos delicatusAmeghino 1891;Pelecyornis puerredonensisSinclair & Farr 1932]
    • †P. lemoinei(Moreno & Mercerat 1891)[Patagornis lemoineiMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Psilopterus australisMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Pelecyornis tubulatusAmeghino 1895;Phorohacos modicusAmeghino 1895;Staphylornis gallardoiMercerat 1897;Staphylornis erythacusMercerat 1897;Pelecyornis tenuirostrisSinclair & Farr 1932]
    • †P. affinis(Ameghino 1899)[Phororhacos affinisAmeghino 1899]
    • †P. colzecusTonni & Tambussi 1988
  • †Llallawavis scagliaiDegrange et al. 2015
  • †MesembriornisMoreno 1889[PaleociconiaMoreno 1889;ProphorohacosRovereto 1914;HermosiornisRovereto 1914] (Late Miocene – Late Pliocene)
    • †M. milneedwardsiMoreno 1889[Paleociconia australisMoreno 1889;Driornis pampeanusMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Hermosiornis milneedwardsiRovereto 1914;Hermosiornis rapaxKraglievich 1946;Prophororhacos australisBrodkorb 1967]
    • †M. incertus(Rovereto 1914)[Prophororhacos incertusRovereto 1914]
  • †Patagornis marshiMoreno & Mercerat 1891[MorenomercatiaLambrecht 1933;TolmodusAmeghino 1891;Tolmodus inflatusAmeghino 1891;Phorusrhacos inflatusAmeghino 1891;Paleociconia cristata(Lambrecht 1933) Brodkorb 1967;Morenomerceraria cristataLambrecht 1933] (Early – Middle Miocene)
  • †Andrewsornis abbottiPaterson 1941(middle – Late Oligocene)
  • †Andalgalornis steulleti(Kraglievich 1931) Patterson & Kraglievich 1960[Phororhacos steulletiKraglijevič 1931;Phororhacos deautieriKraglijevič 1931;Andalgalornis feroxPatterson & Kraglijevič 1960] (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • †Phorusrhacos longissimusAmeghino 1887[StereornisMoreno & Mercerat 1891;DarwinornisMoreno & Mercerat 1891;OwenornisMoreno & Mercerat 1891;TitanornisMercerat 1893;CallornisAmeghino 1895 nonCalornisDalman 1820;EucallornisAmeghino 1901;LiornisAmeghino 1895;Phororhacos longissimusAmeghino 1889;Phororhacos platygnathusAmeghino 1891;Phororhacos sehuensisAmeghino 1891;Stereornis rollieriMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Stereornis gaundryiMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Mesembriornis studeriMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Mesembriornis quatrefragesiMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Darwinornis copeiMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Darwinornis zittelliMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Darwinornis socialisMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Owenornis affinisMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Owenornis lydekkeriMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Titanornis mirabilisMercerat 1893;Callornis giganteusAmeghino 1895;Eucallornis giganteusAmeghino 1901;Liornis floweriAmeghino 1895;Liornis minorDolgopol de Saez 1927] (Early – Middle Miocene)
  • †Devincenzia pozzi(Kraglievich 1931) Kraglievich 1932[OnactornisCabrera 1939;Phorohacos pozziKraglievich 1931;Phorohacos longissimus mendocinusKraglievich 1931;Devincenzia gallinaliKraglievich 1932;Onactornis depressusCabrera 1939;Onactornis pozzi(Kraglievich 1931) Brodkorb 1967;Onactornis mendocinus(Kraglievich 1931) Brodkorb 1967] (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • †Titanis walleriBrodkorb 1963(Early – Late Pliocene)
  • †Kelenken guillermoiBertelli, Chiappe & Tambussi 2007(Early – Late Pliocene)
  • †Physornis fortisAmeghino 1895[AucornisAmeghino 1898;Aucornis euryrhynchusAmeghino 1898] (middle – Late Oligocene)
  • †Paraphysornis brasiliensis(Alvarenga 1982) Alvarenga 1993[Physornis brasiliensisAlvarenga 1982] (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene)
  • †Brontornis burmeisteriMoreno & Mercerat 1891[RostrornisMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Rostrornis floweriMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Brontornis platyonyxAmeghino 1895] (Early – Middle Miocene)
• CariamidaeBonaparte 1850– seriemas
  • †Riacama caligineaAmeghino 1899
  • †Pseudolarus guaraniticusAmeghino 1899[PseudogaviaSharpe 1892;AmeghiniaSharpe 1899]
  • †Smiliornis penetransAmeghino 1899
  • †Noriegavis santacrucensis(Noriega, Vizcaino & Bargo 2009) Agnolin 2009[Cariama santacrucensisNoriega, Vizcaino & Bargo 2009]
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Chunga
      • †C. incertaTonni 1974

Otidiformes

• Otididae– bustards
  • †Gryzaja odessanaZubareva 1939 [Chlamydotis pliodesertiSerebrovskyj 1941;Otis gryzajaVojinstvens'kyj 1967]
  • †Ioriotis gabuniiBurchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1981
  • †Miootis compactusUmanskaya 1979
  • †Pleotis liuiHou 1982
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • ChlamydotisBrodkorb 1967 [Otis affinisLydekker 1891a]
      • †C. affinis(Lydekker)
      • †C. mesetariaSánchez Marco 1990
    • Tetrax
      • †T. paratetrax(Bocheński & Kuročkin 1987) [Otis paratetraxBocheński & Kuročkin 1987]
    • Otis
      • †O. bessarabicusKessler & Gal 1996
      • †O. hellenicaBoev, Lazaridis & Tsoukala 2014
      • †O. khosatzkiiBocheński & Kuročkin 1987 (Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)

Phoenicopteriformes

• Placement unresolved
  • †Phoeniconotius eyrensisMiller 1963 [Phoenicopterus novaehollandiaeMiller 1963] (Etadunna Late Oligocene/Early Miocene ofLake Pitikanta,Australia)
• †PalaelodidaeStejneger 1885 – Swimming-flamingos
  • †Adelalopus hoogbutseliensisMayr & Smith 2002 (stout-legged flamingos) - (Borgloon Early Oligocene of Hoogbutsel, Belgium)
  • †PalaelodusMilne-Edwards 1863 [PliogrusLambrecht 1933] (middle Oligocene –? Middle Pleistocene)
    • †P. ambiguusMilne-Edwards 1863 [Grus problematicaMilne-Edwards 1871;Probalearica problematica(Milne-Edwards 1871);Palaelodus gracilipesMilne-Edwards 1863;Palaelodus crassipesMilne-Edwards 1863;Paloelodus minutus(sic) Milne-Edwards 1868,Grus miocenicusGrigorescu & Kessler 1977]
    • †P. aotearoaWorthy et al. 2010
    • †P. germanicus(Lambrecht 1933) [Pliogrus germanicusLambrecht 1933]
    • †P. kurochkiniZelenkov 2013
    • †P. pledgeiBaird & Vickers-Rich 1998
    • †P. wilsoniBaird & Vickers-Rich 1998
  • †MegapaloelodusMiller 1944 (Late Oligocene – Early Pliocene)
    • †M. conectens(Miller 1944)
    • †M. peiranoiAgnolin 2009
    • †M. goliath(Milne Edwards 1863) Cheneval 1983c [Paloelodus goliath(sic) Milne-Edwards 1868]
    • †M. opsigonusBrodkorb 1961
• Phoenicopteridae– flamingos
  • †Harrisonavis croizeti(Gervais 1852) Kashin 1978 [GervaisiaHarrison & Walker 1976 non Bonaparte 1854 non Waga 1858 non Robineau-Desvoidy 1863;Phoenicopterus croizetiGervais 1852;Gervaisia croizeti(Gervais 1852) Harrison & Walker 1976]
  • †Leakeyornis aethiopicus(Harrison & Walker 1976) Vickers-Rich & Walker 1983 [Phoenicopterus aethiopicusHarrison & Walker 1976]
  • †ElornisMilne-Edwards 1868 [ElornisAymard 1856 nomen nudum;HelornisLydekker 1891;Actiornis] (Middle? Eocene – Early Oligocene)
    • †E. anglicusAymard 1856 nomen nudum [Helornis anglicus;Actiornis anglicusLydekker 1891]
    • †E. grandisMilne-Edwards 1868 [Elornis grandis1856 Aymard nomen nudum]
    • †E. littoralisMilne-Edwards 1868 [Elornis littoralisAymard 1856 nomen nudum;Elornis antiquusAymard 1856 nomen nudum;Elornis antiquusMilne-Edwards 1868;Helornis littoralis(Milne-Edwards 1868) Lydekker 1891]
  • Placement unresolved
    • Phoenicopteridae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle? – Late Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Phoenicopterus(middle Oligocene – Recent)
      • †P. floridanusBrodkorb 1953
      • †P. stocki(Miller 1944)
      • †P. siamensisCheneval et al. 1991
      • †P. gracilisMiller 1963 (Early Pleistocene of Lake Kanunka, Australia)

Podicipediformes

• Podicipedidae– grebes
  • †MiobaptusŠvec 1982 (Early Miocene)
    • †M. huzhiricusZelenkov 2015
    • †M. walteriŠvec 1982 [Podiceps walteri(Švec 1984) Mlíkovský 2000]
  • †Miodytes serbicusDimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler 2002
  • †Pliolymbus baryosteusMurray 1967 (Late Pliocene – Early? Pleistocene)
  • †Thiornis sociataNavás 1922 [Podiceps sociatus(Navás 1922) Olson] (Late Miocene –? Early Pliocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene) – formerly included inPodiceps parvus
    • Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP 49592, 52261, 51848, 52276, KUVP 4484 (Late Pliocene)
    • Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Aechmophorus(Late Pliocene – Recent)
      • †A. elassonMurray 1967
    • Podilymbus(Late Pliocene – Recent)
      • †P. mujusculusMurray 1967
      • †P. wetmoreiStorer 1976
      • †P. podiceps magnus
    • Podiceps(Late Oligocene/Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. arndtiChandler 1990
      • †P. caspicus(Habizl 1783) [Colymbus caspicusHabizl 1783]
      • †P. csarnotatusKessler 2009
      • †P. discorsMurray 1967
      • †P. dixiBrodkorp 1963
      • †P. miocenicusKessler 1984
      • †P. oligocaenus(Shufeldt)
      • †P. parvus(Shufeldt 1913) [Colymbus parvusSchufeldt 1913]
      • †P. solidusKuročkin 1985
      • †P. subparvus(Miller & Bowman 1958) [Colymbus subparvusMiller & Bowman 1958]

Phaethontiformes

• †ProphaethontidaeHarrison & Walker 1976
  • †Lithoptila abdounensisBourdon, Bouya & Iarochène 2005(Late Paleocene – Early Eocene of Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco)– includingAbdounornis
  • †Prophaethon shrubsoleiAndrews 1899(Late Paleocene?– Early Eocene)
• PhaethontidaeBrandt 1831– tropicbirds
  • ?†Proplegadis fisheriHarrison & Walker 1971(London Clay Early Eocene of England) – Threskiornithidae?
  • †Phaethusavis pelagicusBourdon, Amaghzaz & Bouya 2008(Early Eocene of Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco)
  • †HeliadornisOlson 1985(Miocene of North America and Europe)
    • †H. ashbyiOlson 1985
    • †H. minorKessler 2009
    • †H. paratethydicusMlíkovský 1997

Ciconiiformes

The diverse group that includesstorks,heronsandNew World vultures.Paraphyleticas listed here.

• †Ciconiidae– storks
  • †Ciconiopsis antarcticaAmeghino 1899
  • †Palaeoephippiorhynchus dietrichiLambrecht 1930(Early Oligocene)
  • †Grallavis edwardsi(Lydekker 1891c) Cheneval 1984[Propelargus edwardsiLydekker 1891c;Palaeoephippiorhynchus edwardsi(Lydekker 1891)] (Early Miocene) – may be same asProciconia
  • †Pelargosteon tothiKretzoi 1962(Early Pleistocene)
  • †Sanshuiornis zhangiWang et al. 2012
  • Placement unresolved
    • Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. – formerlyAquilavus bilinicus(Laube 1909) Brodkorb 1964;Cygnus bilinicusLaube 1909(Early Miocene)
    • Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene)
    • cf.Leptoptilosgen. et sp. indet. – formerlyLeptoptilos siwalicensisHarrison 1974(Late Miocene? - Late Pliocene)
    • Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pleistocene) –CiconiaorMycteria?
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Ciconia(Early Miocene? – Recent) – includesXenorhynchus
      • †C. lydekkeriAmeghino 1891(Middle to Late Pleistocene)
      • †C. gaudryiLambrecht 1933
      • †C. minorHarrison 1980
      • †C. sarmaticaGrigorescu & Kessler 1977
      • †C. kahliHaarhoff 1988
      • †C. louisebolesaeBoles 2005
      • †C. lucidaKuročkin 1982
      • †C. malthaMiller 1910(Asphalt/La Brea stork)
      • †C. nana(De Vis 1888) Rich & van Tets 1982[Xenorhynchus nanusDe Vis 1888] (Australian stork)
      • †C. stehliniJanossy 1992
    • Mycteria(Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †M. milleri(Short 1966)[Dissourodes milleriShort 1966]
      • †M. wetmoreiHoward 1935
    • Ephippiorhynchus(Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †E. tchoufourLouchart et al. 2008
      • †E. pakistanensisHarrison & Walker 1982
    • Leptoptilos(Late Miocene – Recent) – includesCryptociconia
      • †L. falconeri(Milne-Edwards 1868) Lydekker 1884[Argala falconeriMilne-Edwards 1867]
      • †L. pliocenicusZubareva 1948
      • †L. inidcus(Harrison 1974)[Cryptociconia indicaHarrison 1974]
      • †L. lüiZhang et al. 2012
      • †L. patagonicusNoriega & Cladera 2008
      • †L. robustusMeijer & Awe Due 2010
      • †L. richaeHarrison 1974
      • †L. titanWetmore 1940
    • Jabiru(Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †J. codorensisWalsh & Sánchez 2008

Pelecaniformes

The group that includes modernpelicansandcormorants.As presented hereparaphyletic;the tropicbird lineage is not part of this group and relationships with Procellariiformes and Sphenisciformes require more research. Also, as the pelicans are at least as close to theCiconiiformesas to cormorants, the latter group is being recognized as Phalacrocoraciiformes by some recent authors and the core Pelecaniformes are occasionally merged into the Ciconiiformes.

• Basal and unresolved forms
  • †Piscator tenuirostrisHarrison & Walker 1976(Early-Late Eocene of England) (Auk98:199)– basal phalacrococacoid?
  • †"Prophalacrocorax ronzoni(Gervais 1849) Harrison 1975[Sula ronzoni(Gervais 1849) Milne-Edwards 1897;Mergus ronzonironzoni Gervais 1849] (Early Oligocene of Ronzon, France)
  • † "Pelecaniformes" gen. et sp. indet. (Jebel Qatrani Early Oligocene of Fayum, Egypt) basal phalacrococacoid (similar toPiscator?)?
• Fregatidae– frigatebirds
  • †LimnofregataOlson 1977(Early Eocene)
    • †L. azygosternonOlson 1977
    • †L. hutchisoniStidham 2014
    • †L. hasegawaiOlson & Matsuoka 2005
• Sulidae– gannets and boobies
  • †Bimbisula melanodactylusBenson & Erickson 2013
  • †Eostega lebedinskyiLambrecht 1929(Middle/Late Eocene)
  • †Empheresula arvenensis(Milne-Edwards 1867) Harrison 1975[Sula arvernensisMilne-Edwards 1867;Parasula] (Late Oligocene – Middle Miocene)
  • †Masillastega rectirostrisMayr 2002(middle Eocene)
  • †Microsula pygmaea(Milne-Edwards 1874) Wetmore 1938[Sula pygmaea;Microsula pygmaea;Sula avita;Enkurosula;Pseudosula] (Late Oligocene – Middle Miocene)
  • †Miosula mediaMiller 1925(Late Miocene)
  • †Palaeosula stocktoni(Miller 1935) Howard 1958(?Early Pliocene)
  • †RhamphastosulaStucchi & Urbina 2004(Early Pliocene)
    • †R. ramireziStucchi & Urbina 2004
    • †R. aguirreiStucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt 2015
  • †Sarmatosula dobrogensisGrigorescu & Kessler 1977(Middle Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Sulidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene)
    • Sulidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Morus(Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †M. avitus(Wetmore 1938)[Sula (Microsula) avita(Wetmore 1938);Microsula avitusWetmore 1938]
      • †M. lompocanusDomning 1978[Sula lompocana(Domning 1978)]
      • †M. loxostylus(Cope 1870) Brodkorb 1963[Sula loxostylaCope 1870;Morus atlanticus(Shufeldt 1915);Sula atlanticaShufeldt 1915]
      • †M. olsoniGrigorescu & Kessler 1988
      • †M. peninsularisBrodkorb 1955[Sula peninsularis(Brodkorb 1955)]
      • †M. peruvianusStucchi 2003[Sula peruviana(Stucchi 2003)]
      • †M. recentiorHoward 1949
      • †M. reyanusHoward 1936(Del Rey gannet)
      • †M. vagabundusWetmore 1930[Sula vagabundus(Wetmore 1930)]
      • †M. willetti(Miller 1925)[Sula willettiMiller 1925]
    • Sula(Middle Pliocene – Recent)
      • †S. brandiStucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt 2015
      • †S. figueroaeStucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt 2015
      • †S. clarkiChandler 1990
      • †S. humeralisMiller & Bowman 1958[Morus humeralisMiller & Bowman 1958]
      • †S. magna(Howard 1978) Stucchi 2003[Morus magnusHoward 1978]
      • †S. pohliHoward 1958
      • †S. sulitaStucchi 2003
      • †S. universitatisBrodkorb 1963

Copepteryx

• Phalacrocoracidae– cormorants and shags
  • †BorvocarboMourer-Chauviré, Berthet & Hugueney 2004(Late Oligocene of C Europe) – phalacrocoracid? basal phalacrococacoid?
    • †B. guillotiMourer-Chauviré, Berthet & Hugueney 2004
    • †B. tardatusGöhlich & Mourer-Chauviré 2010
  • †LimicorallusKuročkin 1968(middle Oligocene)
    • †L. saiensisKuročkin 1968
    • †L. carbunculusMayr 2009
  • †NambashagWorthy 2011
    • †N. billerooensisWorthy 2011
    • †N. microglaucusWorthy 2011
  • †NectornisCheneval 1984(Late Oligocene?/Early Miocene – Middle Miocene)
    • †N. africanusMayr 2014
    • †N. miocaenus(Milne-Edwards 1868)[?Phalacrocorax miocaenus(Milne-Edwards 1868)]
    • †N. anatolicus(Mourer-Chauviré 1978) Mlíkovský 1998[Phalacrocorax anatolicusMourer-Chauviré 1978]
  • †Valenticarbo praetermissusHarrison 1979(Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene) – anomen dubium
  • †OligocoraxLambrecht 1933
    • †O. littoralisMilne-Edwards 1868[Phalacrocorax littoralis(Milne-Edwards 1868)]
    • †O. stoeffelensis(Mayr 2007) Mayr 2014[Oligocorax sp.Mayr 2001;Borvocarbo stoeffelensisMayr 2007]
  • Placement unresolved
    • †Phalacrocoracidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Eocene?–? mid-Oligocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Phalacrocorax(Oligocene –? Recent) – may be several genera. IncludesAustralocorax,Miocorax
      • †P. gregoriiDe Vis 1905
      • †P. gregorii(De Vis 1905)[Australocorax vetustusDe Vis 1905]
      • †P. chapalensisAlvarez 1977
      • †P. destefani(Regalia 1902)[Paracorax destefaniRegalia 1902]
      • †P. femoralis(Miller 1929)[Miocorax femoralisMiller 1929]
      • †P. filyawiEmslie 1995b
      • †P. goletensisHoward 1965
      • †P. ibericusVillalta 1963
      • †P. idahensis(Marsh 1870)[Graculus idahensisMarsh 1870]
      • †P. intermedius(Milne-Edwards 1867)[Phalacrocorax praecarbo,Ardea brunhuberi;Phalacrocorax brunhuberi(Milne-Edwards);Botaurites avitus]
      • †P. kennelli(Howard 1949)
      • †P. kuehneanusSchlüter 1991
      • †P. longipes(Tugarinov 1940)[Pliocarbo longipesTugarinov 1940]
      • †P. leptopusBrodkorb 1961
      • †P. macerBrodkorb
      • †P. macropus(Cope 1878)[Graculus macropusCope 1878]
      • †P. marinavis(Shufeldt 1915)[Oligocorax marinavisShufeldt 1915]
      • †P. mongoliensisKuročkin 1971
      • †P. owreiBrodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré 1984
      • †P. reliquusKuročkin 1976
      • †P. rogersi(Howard 1932)
      • †P. serdicensisBurčak-Abramovič & Nikolov 1984
      • †P. tanzaniaeHarrison & Walker 1979
      • †P. wetmoreiBrodkorb 1955
• †Plotopteridae– diving- "boobies"
  • †CopepteryxOlson & Hasegawa 1996
    • †C. hexerisOlson & Hasegawa 1996
    • †C. titanOlson & Hasegawa 1996
  • †Hokkaidornis abashiriensisSakurai, Kimura & Katoh 2008
  • †Phocavis maritimusGoedert 1988
  • †Plotopterum joaquinensisHoward 1969
  • †TonsalaOlson 1980
    • †T. hildegardaeOlson 1980
    • †T. buchananiDyke, Xia & Habib 2011
• †Protoplotidae
  • †Protoplotus beaufortiLambrecht 1931(Paleocene? – middle Eocene of Sumatra)
• Anhingidae– darters
  • †Meganhinga chilensisAlvarenga 1995(Early Miocene)
  • †MacranhingaNoriega 1992(giant snake-birds) (Middle/Late Miocene –? Early Pliocene)
    • †M. paranensisNoriega 1992[Meganhinga paranensis(Noriega 1992)]
    • †M. ranziiAlvarenga & Guilherme 2003
  • † "Paranavis"(Middle/Late Miocene) – anomen nudum
  • †Giganhinga kiyuensisInderknecht & Noriega 2002(Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Anhinga(Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †A. beckeriEmslie 1998
      • †A. hadarensisBrodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré 1982
      • †A. laticeps(De Vis 1906)[Plotus laticepsDe Vis 1906]
      • †A. malaguralaMackness 1995
      • †A. pannonicaLambrecht 1916
      • †A. subvolans(Brodkorb 1956) Becker 1986[Phalacrocorax subvolansBrodkorb 1956]
      • †A. walterbolesiWorthy 2012
      • †A. fraileyiCampbell 1996[?Macranhinga fraileyi(Campbell 1996)]
      • †A. grandisMartin & Mengel 1975
      • †A. minutaAlvarenga & Guilherme 2003
• Pelecanidae– pelicans
  • †Protopelicanus cuvieriReichenbach 1852
  • †MiopelecanusCheneval 1984
    • †M. gracilis(Milne-Edwards 1863) Cheneval 1984[Pelecanus gracilisMilne-Edwards 1863]
    • †M. intermedius(Fraas 1870) Cheneval 1984[Pelecanus intermediusFraas 1870]
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Pelecanus(Late Pliocene – Recent)
      • †P. aethiopicusHarrison & Walker 1976
      • †P. cautleyiDavies 1880
      • †P. fraasiLydekker 1891
      • †P. halieusWetmore 1933
      • †P. odessanusWidhalm 1886
      • †P. schreiberiOlson 1999
      • †P. sivalensisDavies 1880
      • †P. tirarensisMiller 1966

Osteodontornis

• †PelagornithidaeFürbringer 1888 – pseudotooth birds
  • †PseudodontornisLambrecht 1930 [NeodontornisHarrison & Walker 1976;MacrodontopteryxHarrison & Walker 1976;PalaeochenoidesSchufeldt 1916] (Late Paleocene – London Clay Early Eocene of England)
    • †P. longidentataHarrison & Walker 1976 [Odontopteryx oweni(Harrison & Walker 1976);Macrodontopteryx oweniHarrison & Walker 1976]
    • †P. tenuirostrisHarrison 1985
    • †P. tschulensis(Averianov et al. 1991) [Odontopteryx tschulensis]
    • †P. longirostris(Spulski 1910) Lambrecht 1930 [Odontopteryx longirostrisSpulski 1910;Palaeochenoides miocaenusSchufeldt 1916;Pelagornis longirostris(Spulski 1910)]
    • †P. stirtoniHoward & Warter 1969 [Neodontornis stirtoni(Howard & Warter 1969) Harrison & Walker 1976;Pelagornis stirtoni(Howard & Warter 1969)]
  • †DasornisOwen 1870 [MegalornisSeeley 1866 non Gray 1841;ArgillornisOwen 1878] (London Clay Early Eocene of England)
    • †D. abdounBourdon 2010
    • †D. emuinus(Bowerbank 1854) Owen 1870 [Lithornis emuinusBowerbank 1854;Megalornis emuianus(sic) (Bowerbank 1854) Seeley 1866;Neptuniavis mirandaHarrison & Walker 1977;Argillornis longipennisOwen 1878;Dasornis londinensisOwen 1869 nomen nudum;Dasornis londinensisOwen 1870;Argillornis emuinus(Bowerbank 1854) Brodkorb 1963;Argillornis longipesLambrecht 1933 (lapsus)]
    • †D. gigas[Odontopteryx gigasBourdon 2006 nomen nudum]
  • †Macrodontopteryx(London Clay Early Eocene of England)
  • †Odontopteryx toliapicaOwen 1873 [Odontornis(sic) Owen 1873;Neptuniavis minorHarrison & Walker 1977;Dasornis toliapica(Owen 1873)] (London Clay Early Eocene of England)
  • †Gigantornis eaglesomeiAndrews 1916 (middle Eocene of Nigeria)
  • †Cyphornis magnusCope 1894 (Eocene of Vancouver, Canada)
  • †Osteodontornis orriHoward 1957 [Pelagornis orriHoward 1957] (Early Oligocene – Pliocene)
  • †Pelagornis(Middle Miocene of France – Late Pliocene of Morocco)
    • †P. miocaenusLartet 1857 (Miocene false-tooothed pelican)
    • †P. mauretanicusMourer-Chauviré & Geraads 2008
    • †P. chilensisMayr & Rubilar-Rogers 2010
    • †P. sandersiKsepka 2014
  • †Caspiodontornis kobystanicusAslanova & Burčak-Abramovič 1982 [?Guguschia nailiaeAslanova & Burčak-Abramovič 1968]
  • †Tympanoneisiotes wetmoreiHopson 1964 [Pelagornis wetmorei(Hopson 1964)]
  • †Lutetodontopteryx tethyensisMayr & Zvonok 2012
  • †Aequornis traverseiBourdon 2006 nomen nudum
  • Placement unresolved
    • ?Pelagornithidae gen. et sp. indet. (middle Eocene)
• †XenerodiopidaeRasmussen 1987(Early Oligocene)
  • †Xenerodiopus mycterRasmussen, Olson & Simons 1987
• Ardeidae– herons
  • †Ardeagrandis arboreaKurockin & Ganya 1972
  • †Calcardea junneiGingerich 1987(Paleocene)
  • †Matuku otagoenseScofield, Worthy & Tennyson 2010
  • †Nyctisoma robustaElżanowski & Zelenkov 2015
  • †Palaeophoyx columbianaMcCoy 1963
  • †Pikaihao bartleiWorthy et al. 2013
  • †Proardea amissa(Milne-Edwards 1892) Lambrecht 1933[Ardea amissaMilne-Edwards 1892;Egretta amissa(Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský & Švec 1989] (Late Eocene –? Late Oligocene)
  • †Proardeola walkeriHarrison 1979)[Ardea FormosaMilne-Edwards 1871 (nomen nudum);Ardeola walker(Harrison 1979) Mlíkovský & Švec 1989] – possibly same asProardea
  • †Zeltornis ginsburgiBalouet 1981(Early Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • †Anas basalticaBayer 1882 (Late Oligocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Nyctanassa
      • †N. kobdoenaKuročkin 1976
    • Ardea(Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †A. aurelianensisMilne-Edwards 1871[Proardea aurelianensis(Milne-Edwards 1871)]
      • †A. polkensisBrodkorb 1955
      • †A. howardaeBrodkorb 1980
      • †A. paloccidentalisShufeldt 1892
      • †A. sytchevskayaeZelenkov 2011
    • Egretta(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †E. polgardiensisKessler 2009
      • †E. subfluviaBecker 1985
    • Butorides(Early Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †B. validipesCampbell 1976
    • Botaurus
      • †B. hibbardiMoseley & Feduccia 1975
    • Syrigma
      • †S. sanctimartiniCampbell 1979
• Scopidae– hammerkop
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • †Scopus xenopusOlson 1984
• Threskiornithidae– ibises
  • Threskiornithidae gen. et sp. indet. NMMP-KU 1301 (Pondaung middle Eocene of Paukkaung, Myanmar) – Threskiornithinae?
  • †Gerandibis paganus(Milne-Edwards 1868) De Pietri 2013[Milnea Lydekker1891a non Reichenbach 1866;Ibis paganaMilne-Edwards 1868;Eudocimus paganus(Milne-Edvards 1868) Sharpe 1899;Plegadis paganus(Milne-Edvards 1868) Olson 1981;Actiornis pagana(Milne-Edwards 1868) Harrison 1976;Milnea gracilisLydekker 1891a;Plegadis gracilis(Lydekker 1891) Cheneval 1984 non Miller & Bowman 1956]
  • †Rhynchaeites messelensisWittich 1898[PlumumidaHoch 1980;Plumumida lutetialisHoch 1980] (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany) – may includeMopsitta
  • †Vadaravis brownaeSmith, Grande & Clarke 2013
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Geronticus(Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †G. perplexus(Milne-Edwards 1869) Cheneval 2000[Ardea perplexaMilne-Edwards 1869;Proardea perplexus(Milne-Edwards 1869) Gaillard 1939]
      • †G. apelexOlson 1985
      • †G. olsoniMourer-Chauviré & Geraads 2010
    • Platalea
      • †P. chione(Emslie 1995)[Ajaia chioneEmslie 1995]
      • †P. tiangangensisHou 1987(Xiacaowan Middle Miocene of Sihong, China)
    • Plegadis
      • †P. pharangitesOlson 1981[Plegadis gracilisMiller & Bowman 1956 non (Lydekker 1891)] (Late Pliocene of WC US)
    • Theristicus
      • †T. wetmoreiCampbell 1979(Late Pleistocene of Peru)
    • Eudocimus
      • †E. leiseyiEmslie 1995a(Early Pleistocene of Florida)
      • †E. peruvianusCampbell 1979(Late Pleistocene of Peru; may be living species)
      • †Eudocimussp. (Middle Pliocene of Florida)
• Balaenicipitidae– shoebills
  • Goliathia andrewsiLambrecht 1930(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Egypt)
  • Paludiavis richaeHarrison & Walker 1982(Late Miocene of Tunisia and Pakistan)

Procellariiformes

The group that includes modernalbatrosses,petrelsandstorm-petrels.

• Placement unresolved
  • †Eopuffinus kazachstanensisNesov 1986(Late Paleocene of Zhylga, Kazakhstan)
  • †Makahala miraeMayr 2015
  • †ProaestrelataImber 1985
• †MarinavidaeHarrison & Walker 1977
  • †Marinavis longirostrisHarrison & Walker 1977
• †TytthostonychidaeOlson & Parris 1987
  • †Tytthostonyx glauconiticusOlson & Parris 1987
• †DiomedeoididaeFischer 1985
  • †Rupelornisvan Beneden 1871 [GaviotaFischer 1983 non Miller & Sibley 1941;ArdeitaCheneval 1996;DiomedeoidesFischer 1985;FrigidafronsCheneval 1995] (Early Oligocene– Early Miocene of C Europe and Iran)
    • †R. harmati(Kessler 2009) Mayr & Smith 2012[Diomedeoides harmatiKessler 2009]
    • †R. definitusvan Beneden 1871[Vanellus selysiivan Beneden 1871;Anas creccoidesvan Beneden 1871;Gaviota lipsiensisFischer 1983;Diomedeoides minimusFischer 1985;Frigidafrons brodkorbiCheneval 1995;Ardeita gracilisCheneval 1996 (nomen nudum);Diomedeoides lipsiensis(Fischer 1983) Mayr et al. 2002;Diomedeoides brodkorbi(Cheneval 1995) Fischer 2003]
    • †R. babaheydariensis(Peters & Hamedani 2000) Mayr & Smith 2012[Frigidafons babaheydariensisPeters & Hamedani 2000;Diomedeoides babaheydariensis(Peters & Hamedani 2000) Mayr, Peters & Rietschel 2002]
• Oceanitidae
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Oceanites
      • †O. zaloscarthmusOlson 1985
• Diomedeidae– albatrosses
  • †Murunkus subitusPanteleyev & Nesov 1993(middle Eocene)
  • †PlotornisMilne-Edwards 1874[ChenornisPortis 1884] (Early – Middle Miocene)
    • †P. arvernensis(Milne-Edwards 1871) Cheneval 1984a[Puffinus arvernensisMilne-Edwards 1871 nomen nudum;Puffinus arvernensisShufeldt 1896]
    • †P. deltortriiMilne-Edwards 1874
    • †P. graculoides(Portis 1884) Mayr & Pavia 2014[Chenornis graculoidesPortis 1884]
  • †Tydea septentrionalisMayr & Smith 2012(Early Oligocene of the North Sea basin)
  • †Diomedeidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene of South Carolina)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Diomedea(Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †D. anglicaLydekker 1891a
      • †D. howardaeChandler 1990
      • †D. milleriHoward 1966
      • †D. rumanaGrigorescu & Kessler 1988
      • †D. tanakaiDavis 2003
      • †D. thyridataWilkinson 1969
    • Phoebastria(Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. rexsularumOlson & Rasmussen 2001
    • Thalassarche(Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †T. thyridata
• Hydrobatidae– storm-petrels
  • †Primodroma bourneiHarrison & Walker 1977(Early Eocene)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • †"Oceanodroma" hubbsiMiller 1951(Hubbs' Storm-petrel)(Capistrano Middle/Late Miocene of Orange County, US)
    • †Pelagodromasp. 1
    • Pelagodromasp. 2
• Procellariidae– petrels
  • †Argyrodyptes microtarsusAmeghino 1905(San Julián Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Chubut, Argentina)
  • †Pterodromoides minoricensisSequí et al. 2001
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Calonectris(Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †C. krantziOlson & Rasmussen 2001
      • †C. kurodaiOlson 2009
      • †C. wingateiOlson 2008
    • Fulmarus(Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †F. hammeriHoward 1968
      • †F. miocaenusHoward 1984
    • Pachyptila(Late Miocene– Recent)
      • †P. salaxOlson 1985
    • Pelecanoides(Early/Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. cymatotrypetesOlson 1985
      • †P. miokuakaWorthy et al. 2007(Miocene diving petrel)
      • †P. urinatrixGmelin 1789
    • "Pterodroma"(Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †P. kurodaiHarrison & Walker 1978
      • †P. rupinarumOlson 1975
    • Puffinus(Early Oligocene – Recent)
      • †P. aquitanicus(Milne-Edwards) Brodkorb 1963Procellaria aquitanicaMilne-Edwards 1874
      • †P. antiquus(Milne-Edwards) Brodkorb 1963cProcellaria antiquaMilne-Edwards 1874
      • †P. barnesiHoward 1978
      • †P. calhouniHoward 1968
      • †P. conradiMarsh 1870
      • †P. diatomicusMiller 1925
      • †P. felthamiHoward 1949
      • †P. gilmoreiChandler 1990
      • †P. inceptorWetmore 1930
      • †P. kanakoffiHoward 1949
      • †P. micraulaxBrodkorb 1963
      • †P. mitchelliMiller 1961
      • †P. nestoriAlcover 1989
      • †P. priscusMiller 1961
      • †P. raemdonckii(Van Beneden 1871) Brodkorb 1962[Larus Raemdonckii Beneden 1871]
      • †P. tedfordiHoward 1971

Gaviiformes

• †Gaviella pusilla(Shufeldt 1915) Wetmore 1940
• †Nasidytes ypresianus(Mayr & Kitchener, 2022)
• Gaviidae– loons
  • †ColymboidesMilne-Edwards 1867 [Dyspetornis Oberholser 1905; Hydrornis Milne-Edwards 1867 non Blyth 1843; Davisona Mathews 1935; Megagallinula Kuročkin 1968] (Late Eocene – Early Miocene) – paraphyletic?
    • †C. harundinea(Kuročkin 1968)Megagallinula harundineaKuročkin 1968)
    • †C. metzleriMayr 2004
    • †C. anglicusLydekker 1891a
    • †C. belgicusMayr & Smith 2002
    • †C. minutusMilne-Edwards 1867
  • Placement unresolved
    • "Gavia" portisi(Late Pliocene of Orciano Pisano, Italy) – rentatively placed here. Anomen dubium?
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Gavia(Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †G. egerianaŠvec 1982
      • †G. brodkorbiHoward 1978
      • †G. paradoxaUmanskaja 1981
      • †G. schultziMlíkovsky 1998
      • †G. howardaeBrodkorb 1953c
      • †G. moldavicaKessler 1984
      • †G. concinnaWetmore 1940 [Gavia palaeodytesWetmore 1943]
      • †G. fortisOlson & Rasmussen 2001

Sphenisciformes

Waimanu

Icadyptes

• Unresolved and basal forms
  • †WaimanuJones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Early – Late Palaeocene)
    • †W. manneringiJones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Mannering's penguin)
    • †W. tuatahiJones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Waipara penguin)
  • †Perudyptes devriesiClarke et al. 2007 – basal? (middle Eocene)
  • Sphenisciformes gen. et sp. indet. CADIC P 21 (middle Eocene)
• Spheniscidae– penguins
  • †Kaiika maxwelliFordyce & Tomas 2011
  • †Palaeoapterodytes ictus(Ameghino 1891) Ameghino 1905 (nomen dubium) [ApterodytesAmeghino 1891 non Hermann 1783;Apterodytes ictusAmeghino 1891]
  • †Tereingaornis moisleyiScarlett 1983 (Moisley's penguin)
  • †Crossvallia unienwilliaTambussi et al. 2005 (Late Paleocene)
  • †AnthropornisWiman 1905 (mid-Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
    • †A. nordenskjoeldiiWiman 1905 (Nordenskjoeld's giant penguin)
    • †A. grandis(Wiman 1905) [Arthrodytes grandis(Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905]
  • †ArchaeospheniscusMarples 1952 (mid-/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene)
    • †A. loweiMarples 1952 (Lowe's penguin)
    • †A. lopdelliMarples 1952 (Lopdell's penguin)
  • †DelphinornisWiman 1905 [NotodyptesMarples 1953] (mid-/Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
    • †D. gracilisMyrcha et al. 2002
    • †D. larseniWiman 1905
    • †D. arctowskiiMyrcha et al. 2002
    • †D. wimani(Marples 1953) Ksepka & Clarke 2010 [Notodyptes wimaniMarples 1953;Archaeospheniscus wimani(Marples 1953) Simpson 1971a]
  • †PalaeeudyptesHuxley 1859 [EosphaeniscusWiman 1905] (mid-/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene)
    • †P. klekowskiiMyrcha, Tatur & del Valle 1990
    • †P. gunnari(Wiman 1905) [Eosphaeniscus gunnariWiman 1905]
  • †Icadyptes salasiClarke et al. 2007 (Late Eocene)
  • †Inkayacu paracasensisClarke et al. 2010 (Late Eocene)
  • †Pachydyptes ponderosusOliver 1930 (Late Eocene)
  • †Marambiornis exilisMyrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene–? Early Oligocene)
  • †Mesetaornis polarisMyrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  • †TonniornisTambussi et al. 2006 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
    • †T. mesetaensisTambussi et al. 2006
    • †T. minimumTambussi et al. 2006
  • †Wimanornis seymourensisSimpson 1971 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  • †Arthrodytes andrewsiAmeghino 1901 (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • †Duntroonornis parvusMarples 1953 (Duntroon penguin) (Late Oligocene)
  • †KairukuKsepka et al. 2012 (Late Oligocene)
    • †K. grebneffiKsepka et al. 2012
    • †K. waitakiKsepka et al. 2012
  • †Korora oliveriMarples 1952 (Oliver's penguin) (Late Oligocene)
  • †PlatydyptesMarples 1952 (Late Oligocene)
    • †P. marplesi(Brodkorb 1963) Simpson 1971 [Palaeeudyptes marplesiBrodkorb 1963] (Simpson's/Marples' penguin)
    • †P. novaezealandiae(Oliver 1930) Marples 1952 (wide-flippered penguin)
    • †P. amiesiMarples 1952 (Amies' penguin)
  • †Eretiscus tonnii(Simpson 1981) Olson 1986 [MicrodytesSimpson 1981 non Balfour-Browne 1949;Microdytes tonniiSimpson 1981] (Patagonia Early Miocene)
  • †PalaeospheniscusMoreno & Mercerat 1891 [NeculusAmeghino 1905;ParaspheniscusAmeghino 1905 nec Hendel 1927;PerispheniscusAmeghino 1905;PseudospheniscusAmeghino 1905;ChubutodyptesSimpson 1970] (Early? – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
    • †P. huxleyorumSimpson 1973
    • †P. wimani(Ameghino 1905) [Perispheniscus wimaniAmeghino 1905;Palaeospheniscus robustus(partim) Simpson 1946]
    • †P. gracilisAmeghino 1899 [?Delphinornis gracilis;Palaeospheniscus nereiusAmeghino 1901;Neculus rothiAmeghino 1905;Palaeospheniscus rothiAmeghino 1905;Paraspheniscus nereius(Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905;Palaeospheniscus medianusAmeghino 1905]
    • †P. patagonicusMoreno & Mercerat 1891 [Palaeospheniscus menzbieriMoreno & Mercerat 1891;Palaeospheniscus interruptusAmeghino 1905;Palaeospheniscus intermediusAmeghino 1905;Palaeospheniscus affinisAmeghino 1905]
    • †P. bergiMoreno & Mercerat 1891 [Paraspheniscus bergi(Moreno & Mercerat 1891) Ameghino 1905;Palaeospheniscus planusAmeghino 1905;Palaeospheniscus interplanusAmeghino 1905;Pseudospheniscus interplanusAmeghino 1905;Pseudospheniscus planusAmeghino 1905 nom rej.;Pseudospheniscus concavusAmeghino 1905;Pseudospheniscus convexusAmeghino 1905 nom rej.]
    • †P. biloculata(Simpson 1970) Acosta Hospitaleche 2007 [Chubutodyptes biloculataSimpson 1970]
  • †ParaptenodytesAmeghino 1891 [IsotremornisAmeghino 1905;MetancylornisAmeghino 1905;TreleudytesAmeghino 1905] (Early – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
    • †P. brodkorbiSimpson 1972 [Isotremornis nordenskjöldi Ameghino 1905 (partim)]
    • †P. robustus(Ameghino 1895) [Palaeospheniscus robustusAmeghino 1895;Perispheniscus robustus(Ameghino 1895) Brodkorb 1963;Paraptenodytes curtusAmeghino 1901;Metancylornis curtus(Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905;Paraptenodytes grandisAmeghino 1901;Arthrodytes grandis(Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905;Paraptenodytes andrewsiAmeghino 1901;Arthrodytes andrewsi(Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905;Treleudytes crassusAmeghino 1905]
    • †P. antarcticus(Huxley 1859) Ameghino 1891 [Palaeeudyptes antarcticusHuxley 1859 non Hector 1873;Palaeospheniscus antarcticus(Huxley 1859) Moreno & Mercerat 1891] (narrow-flippered penguin)
  • †Anthropodyptes gilliSimpson 1959 (Middle Miocene)
  • †Madrynornis mirandusHospitaleche et al. 2007 (Late Miocene)
  • †PseudaptenodytesSimpson 1970 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
    • †P. minorSimpson 1970
    • †P. macraeiSimpson 1970
  • †Dege hendeyiSimpson 1979 (Early Pliocene)
  • †Marplesornis novaezealandiae(Marples 1960) Simpson 1972 [Paleospheniscus novaezealandiaeMarples 1960] (Harris penguins) (Early Pliocene)
  • †Nucleornis insolitusSimpson 1979 (Early Pliocene)
  • †Inguza predemersus(Simpson 1971) Simpson 1975 [Spheniscus predemersusSimpson 1971] (Late Pliocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Spheniscidae gen. et sp. indet (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Hakataramea, New Zealand)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Pygoscelis(Middle/Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. calderensisWalsh & Suárez 2006
      • †P. tyreeiSimpson 1972 (Tyree's penguin)
      • †P. grandisWalsh & Suárez 2006
    • Spheniscus(Middle/Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †S. muizoniGöhlich 2007
      • †S. chilensisEmslie & Correa 2003
      • †S. megaramphusStucchi, Urbina & Giraldo 2003
      • †S. urbinaiStucchi 2002
    • Aptenodytes(Early? Pliocene – Recent)
      • †A. ridgeniSimpson 1972 [Arthrodytes ridgeni(Simpson 1972)] (Ridgen's Penguin)
    • Eudyptes
      • †E. calauinaHoffmeister et al. 2014

Pterocliformes

• Pteroclidae– sandgrouse
  • †Gerandia calcaria(Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933 [Columba calcariaMilne-Edwards 1869] (Early Miocene)
  • †Leptoganga sepultus(Milne-Edwards 1869) Mourer-Chauviré 1993 [Pterocles sepultusMilne-Edwards 1869]
  • †ArchaeogangaMourer-Chauviré 1992
    • †A. validus(Milne-Edwards 1892) [Pterocles validusMilne-Edwards 1892]
    • †A. pinguisMourer-Chauviré 1992
    • †A. larvatus(Milne-Edwards 1892) [Pterocles larvatusMilne-Edwards 1892]
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Syrrhaptes
      • †S. kashiniKuročkin 1985

Columbiformes

• Columbidae– doves and pigeons
  • Arenicolumba(Early Miocene) – doubtfully distinct fromPatagioenas
  • Rupephaps(Early Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Columbidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Columba(Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Patagioenas(Early Pliocene – Recent)

Psittaciformes

Unresolved and basal fossil parrots:

• Psittacopes(Early/middle Eocene)
• Serudaptus– pseudasturid or psittacid?
• Pseudasturidae(=Halcyornithidae?)
• MesselasturidaeMayr 2005
  • Tynskya eocaenaMayr 2000(Early Eocene of N America and England)
  • Messelastur gratulatorPeters 1994(middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)

• • Pseudasturidae FU 125 gen. et sp. indet. (Early Eocene)
  • Pseudasturides– formerlyPseudastur
• Vastanavidae
  • Vastanavis(Early Eocene of Vastan, India)
• Quercypsittidae
  • Quercypsitta(Late Eocene)
• Cacatuidae
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Cacatua(Early Miocene – Recent)
• Psittacidae– parrots, parakeets and lories
  • Archaeopsittacus(Late Oligocene/Early Miocene)
  • Xenopsitta(Early Miocene)
  • Psittacidae gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – several species
  • Bavaripsitta(Middle Miocene)
  • Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene) – erroneously placed inPararallus dispar,includes"Psittacus lartetianus
  • Extant and recently extinct genera present in the fossil record
    • Conuropsis(Early? Miocene – Holocene)
    • Nandayus(Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Cyanoliseus(Middle Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Aratinga(Late Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Rhynchopsitta(Late Pleistocene – Recent)
• Strigopidae– New Zealand parrots, kakapo
  • Nelepsittacus(Middle Miocene)
  • Heracles(Middle Miocene)

Opisthocomiformes

Hoatzins

• OpisthocomidaeSwainson 1837[ForatidaeOlson 1992;OnychopterygidaeCracraft 1971]
  • †Foro panariumOlson 1992(Early Eocene) - cuculiform?
  • †Hoatzi panariumThomas 1996
  • †Onychopteryx simpsoniCracraft 1971(Early Eocene of Argentina) – falconid? Anomen dubium
  • †Protoazin parisiensisMayr & De Pietri 2014
  • †Namibiavis senutaeMourer-Chauviré 2003(Late Oligocene of Namibia)
  • †Hoazinavis lacustrisAlvarenga, Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2011(Miocene of Brazil)
  • †Hoazinoides magdalenaeMiller 1953(Late Miocene of Colombia)

Musophagiformes

• Musophagidae– turacos
  • Placement unresolved
    • Musophagidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene – Middle Miocene of WC Europe)
    • Musophagidae gen. et sp. indet. (Egypt)
  • †VeflintornisKashin 1976[ApopempsisBrodkorb 1971 non Schenkling 1903] (Middle Miocene)
    • †V. meini(Ballmann 1969)[Musophaga meiniBallmann 1969]
    • †V. africanus(Harrison 1980)[Musophaga africanusHarrison 1980;Apopempsis africanus(Harrison 1980)] (Early Miocene)

Cuculiformes

Cuckoos, turacos and allies.

• Placement unresolved
  • Cuculiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Early Eocene)
• Cuculidae– cuckoos
  • Eocuculus(Late Eocene)
  • Dynamopterus(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)
  • Neococcyx(Early Oligocene)
  • Cursoricoccyx(Early Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Cuculidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Pliocene)

Accipitriformes

Teratornis

• †TeratornithidaeMiller 1909– teratorns
  • †Argentavis magnificensCampbell & Tonni 1980(Late Miocene)
  • †Aiolornis incredibilis(Howard 1952) Campbell, Scott & Springer 1999[Teratornis incredibilisHoward 1952] (Early Pliocene – Late Pleistocene)
  • †Oscaravis olsoni(Arredondo & Arredondo 2002) Suarez & Olson 2009[Teratornis olsoniArredondo & Arredondo 2002] (Cuban teratorn)(Pleistocene)
  • †Cathartornis gracilisMiller 1910
  • †Taubatornis campbelliOlson & Alvarenga 2002
  • †TeratornisMiller 1909(Early Pleistocene – Late Pleistocene)
    • †T. woodburnensisCampbell & Stenger 2002
    • †T. merriamiMiller 1909(Merriam's teratorn)
• Cathartidae– New World vultures
  • †Brasilogyps faustoiAlvarenga 1985(Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • †Kuntur cardenasiStucchi et al. 2015
  • †Pleistovultur nevesiAlvarenga et al. 2008
  • †Tapinopus elliotiMilne-Edwards 1891
  • †Diatropornis ellioti(European vulture) (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene –? middle Oligocene)
  • †Phasmagyps patritusWetmore 1927(Early Oligocene)
  • †Hadrogyps aigialeusEmslie 1988(American dwarf vulture) (Middle Miocene)
  • †PliogypsBecker 1986(Miocene vulture) (Late Miocene – Late Pliocene)
    • †P. charonBecker 1986
    • †P. fisheriTordoff 1959
  • †Perugyps diaziStucchi & Emslie 2005(Peruvian vulture) (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
  • †Dryornis(Argentinean vulture)Moreno & Mercerat, 1891(Early Miocene – Late Pliocene) – similar to the extant genusVultur
    • †D. pampeanusMoreno & Mercerat, 1891
    • †D. hatcheriDegrange 2022
  • †Aizenogyps toomeyaeEmslie 1998(South American vulture) (Late Pliocene)
  • †Breagyps clarkiMiller 1938(long-legged vulture) (Late Pleistocene)
  • †Geronogyps reliquusCampbell 1979(Late Pleistocene)
  • †Wingegyps cartelleiAlvarenga & Olson 2004(Amazonian vulture) (Late Pleistocene)
  • †Parasarcoramphus milneedwardsiMourer-Chauviré 2002
  • Placement unresolved
    • Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene of Mongolia)
    • Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, US)
    • Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Pliocene of Argentina)
    • Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. (Cuba)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Sarcoramphus(Middle Pliocene –? Recent)
      • †S. kernense'(Kern vulture)
      • †S. fischeriCampbell 1979
    • Gymnogyps(Early Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †G. howardae'Campbell 1979
      • †G. kofordi'Emslie 1988
    • Vultur(Pliocene – Recent)– distinctiveness disputed
      • †V. fossilisMoreno & Mercerat 1891[Cathartes fossilis;Sarcoramphus fossilis]
• †HorusornithidaeMourer-Chauviré 1991
  • †Horusornis vianeyliaudaeMourer-Chauviré 1991(Late Eocene)
• Pandionidae– ospreys
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Pandion(Early Oligocene – Recent)
      • †P. lovensisBecker 1985
      • †P. homalopteronWarter 1976
• Sagittariidae– secretarybirds
  • †Amanuensis pickfordiMourer-Chauviré 2003
  • †PelargopappusStejneger 1885(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of France) – formerlyAmphiserpentarius/Amynoptilon/Pelargopsis
    • †P. schlosseri
    • †P. magnus
• Accipitridae– hawks, eagles and Old World vultures
  • Milvoides(Late Eocene)
  • Aquilavus(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • Palaeocircus(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)
  • Palaeastur(Early Miocene)
  • Pengana(Early Miocene)
  • Promilio(Early Miocene)
  • Proictinia(Early – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
  • Neophrontops(Early/middle Miocene – Late Pleistocene) – formerly inNeophron
  • Mioaegypius(middle Miocene)
  • Apatosagittarius(Late Miocene)
  • Gansugyps(Late Miocene)
  • Palaeoborus(Miocene)
  • Qiluornis(Miocene)
  • Thegornis(Miocene)
  • Garganoaetus(Early Pliocene)
  • Amplibuteo(Late Pliocene of Peru – Late Pleistocene) – Belongs to the extant genusButeogallus
  • Cryptogyps(Middle – Late Pleistocene)
  • Neogyps(Late Pleistocene)
  • Palaeohierax– includes"Aquila" gervaisii
  • Placement unresolved
    • Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. AMNH FR 7434 (Early Eocene)
    • Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Oligocene)
    • Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene)
    • Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. MPEF-PV-2523 (Late Miocene)
    • Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Pliocene) –Parabuteo?
    • Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene) –Buteo?
    • Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet. (Egypt)
    • "Aquila" danana(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) – formerly alsoGeranoaetusorButeo
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Haliaeetus(Early Oligocene – Recent)
    • Buteo(middle Oligocene – Recent)
    • Aquila(Middle Miocene – Recent)
    • Buteogallus(Middle Miocene – Recent) – might includeHarpyhaliaetus
    • "Hieraaetus"(Middle Miocene – Recent) – doubtfully distinct fromAquila
    • Milvus(Early Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Gyps(Middle Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Aegypius(Middle Pleistocene – Recent)
  • Additional prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Spizaetus grinnelli(Rancho La Brea Late Pleistocene of California, US) – formerlyGeranoaetusorButeo
    • Spizaetus pliogryps– formerlyAquila
    • Gypaetus georgii(Late Miocene)
    • Neophron lolis(Late Miocene)

Falconiformes

• †MasillaraptoridaeMayr 2009
  • †Masillaraptor parvunguisMayr 2006(middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
  • †Danielsraptor phorusrhacoidesMayr & Kitchener 2022(early Eocene of Essex, England)
• Falconidae– falcons
  • †Lagopterus minutusMoreno & Mercerat 1891
  • †Parvulivenator watteliHarrison 1982(Early Eocene)
  • †Stintonornis mitchelliHarrison 1984(Early Eocene)
  • †Badiostes patagonicusAmeghino 1895(Early Miocene)
  • †Pediohierax ramenta(Wetmore 1936) Becker 1987[Falco ramentaWetmore 1936] - (Middle Miocene)
  • †Thegornis musculosusAmeghino 1895[Thegornis debilisAmeghino 1895;Buteo musculosus(Ameghino 1895) Agnolin 2006]
    • †Petrosushkinia pliocaena(Tugarinov 1935) Zelenkov 2015[SushkiniaTugarinov 1935 non Martynov 1930;Sushkinia pliocaenaTugarinov 1935] (Early Pliocene)
    • †Falconidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Milvago(Late Pleistocene -–Recent)
      • †M. alexandriOlson 1976
      • †M. brodkorbiCampbell 1979
    • Falco(Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †F. antiquusMourer-Chauviré 1975
      • †F. bakaloviBoev 1999
      • †F. bulgaricusBoev 2011
      • †F. chowiHou 1982
      • †F. hezhengensisLi et al. 2014
      • †F. mediusUmanskaya 1981
      • †F. oregonusBrodkorb 1964
      • †F. pisanusPortis 1887
      • †F. umanskajaeSobolev 2003

Steatornithiformes

• ParapreficaMayr 1999(Early Eocene?)
  • †P. kelleriMayr 1999
  • †P. majorMayr 1999
• Steatornithidae– oilbirds
  • †Prefica niveaOlson 1987
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Steatornissp.
• Nyctibiidae– potoos
  • †Euronyctibius kurochkiniMourer-Chauviré 1989

Podargiformes

• †FluvioviridavidaeMayr 2005
  • †Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphusMayr & Daniels 2001(Green River Early Eocene of N America)
• Podargidae– frogmouths
  • †Masillapodargus longipesMayr 1999
  • †Quercypodargus olsoniMourer-Chauvire 1989

Caprimulgiformes

• Caprimulgidae– nightjars
  • †Ventivorus rageiMourer-Chauviré 1988
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Caprimulgus
      • †C. piurensisCampbell 1979

Aegotheliformes

Owlet-nightjars

• Aegothelidae
  • †Quipollornis koniberiRich & McEvey 1977(Early/Middle Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Aegotheles(Early/Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †A. savesiLayard & Layard 1881(New Caledonian owlet-nightjar)
      • †A. zealandivetusWorthyet al., 2022

Apodiformes

Swifts and hummingbirds.

• †Wyomingcypselus pohliWeidig 2003 nomen nudum
• †Procypseloides mourerchauvireae(Mlíkovský) Harrison & Walker 1977(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene)
• †Laputavis robusta(Dyke 2001a) Dyke 2001b[LaputaDyke 2001a non;Laputa robustaDyke 2001a]
• †Palescyvus escampensisKarhu 1988
• †ScaniacypselusHarrison 1984(Early – middle Eocene)
  • †S. wardiHarrison 1984
  • †S. szarskii(Peters 1985) Meyr & Peters 1999[Aegialornis szarskiiPeters 1985;Primapus szarskii(Peters 1985) Mourer-Chauviré 1988]
• †AegialornithidaeLydekker 1891
  • †Primapus lackiHarrison & Walker 1975[?Procuculus minutusHarrison & Walker 1977] (Early Eocene)?apodid
  • †AegialornisLydekker 1891[TachyornisMilne-Edwards 1892;BelornisMilne-Edwards 1893;MesogiornisMlíkovský 2002](Early? – Late Eocene)
    • †A. leenhardti
    • †A. germanicusMlíkovský 2002
    • †A. gallicusLydekker 1891[Tachyornis hirundoMilne-Edwards 1891]
    • †A. wetmoreiCollins 1976[Mesogiornis wetmorei(Collins 1976) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • †A. broweriCollins 1976[Mesogiornis broweri(Collins 1976) Mlíkovský 2002]
• †EocypselidaeHarrison 1984– apodiform (hemiprocnid?)? caprimulgiform?basalCypselomorphae?
  • †EocypselusHarrison 1984(Late Paleocene?- Early Eocene of NC Europe)
    • †E. vincentiHarrison 1984
    • †E. roweiKsepka et al. 2013
• †CypselavidaeMourer-Chauviré 2006
  • †Parargornis messelensisMayr 2003(middle Eocene) jungornithid, trochilid, basal asArgornis?
  • †Argornis caucasicusKarhu 1999(Late Eocene)?Trochilidae
  • †Cypselavus gallicusGaillard 1908(Late Eocene Early Oligocene) aegialornithid or hemiprocnid
• †JungornithidaeKarhu 1988
  • †JungornisKarhu 1988(Early Oligocene of N Caucasus, Russia)
    • †J. tesselatusKarhu 1988
    • †J. geraldmayriMourer-Chauviré & Sigé 2006
• Trochilidaehummingbirds
  • †EurotrochilusMayr 2004(Early Oligocene)
    • †E. inexpectatusMayr 2004
    • †E. noniewicziBochenski & Bochenski 2008
  • Placement unresolved
    • Trochilidae sp. et gen. indet. (Bahamas, West Indies)
    • Trochilidae sp. et gen. indet. (Brazil)
• Apodidae– swifts
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Collocalia(Early Miocene – Recent)
    • Apus(Middle/Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Chaetura(Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Tachornis(Late Pleistocene – Recent)

Coliiformes

Mousebirds and relatives

• Unresolved and basal forms
  • †Botauroides parvusShufeldt 1915(Eocene of Wyoming, US)
  • †Eobucco brodkorbiFeduccia & Martin 1976- sandcoleid?
  • †Eocolius walkeriDyke & Waterhouse 2001(London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England) - sandcoleid or coliid
  • †LimnatornisMilne-Edwards 1871(Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France) - coliid? (Urocolius?)
  • †Coliiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of Kohfidisch, Austria)
  • †UintornisMarsh 1872- sandcoleid?
• Family †ChascacocoliidaeZelenkov & Dyke 2008
  • Genus †ChascacocoliusHoude & Olson 1992(Late Paleocene?- Early Eocene) - basal? sandcoleid?
• Family †SelmeidaeZelenkov & Dyke 2008
  • †Selmes absurdipesPeters 1999(Middle Eocene?-Late Oligocene of C Europe) - coliid? (synonym ofPrimocolius?)
• Family †SandcoleidaeHoude & Olson 1992 sensu Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2004
  • †Sandcoleus copiosusHoude & Olson 1992(Paleocene)
  • †Anneavis anneaeHoude & Olson 1992
  • †Eoglaucidium pallasFischer 1987
• FamilyColiidaeSwainson 1837 sensu Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2004
  • †PrimocoliusMourer-Chauviré 1988(Late Eocene/Oligocene of Quercy, France)
  • †OligocoliusMayr 2000(Early Oligocene of Frauenweiler, Germany)
  • †Masillacolius brevidactylusMayr & Peters 1998(middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Colius[NecrornisMilne-Edwards 1871]

†Zealandornithidae

• †Zealandornis relictusWorthy et al., 2022(Early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand)

Strigiformes

Owls and barn owls

• Unresolved and basal forms
  • Berruornis(Late Paleocene) – basal? Sophornithidae?
  • Strigiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Paleocene)
  • Palaeoglaux(middle – Late Eocene) – own family Palaeoglaucidae or Strigidae?
  • Palaeobyas(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) – Tytonidae? Sophiornithidae?
  • Palaeotyto(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) – Tytonidae?
  • Strigiformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early Oligocene)
• Ogygoptyngidae
  • Ogygoptynx(Middle/Late Paleocene)
• Protostrigidae
  • Eostrix(Early – middle Eocene)
  • Minerva(middle – Late Eocene) – formerlyProtostrix,includes"Aquila" ferox,"Aquila" lydekkeri,and"Bubo" leptosteus
  • Oligostrix(middle Oligocene)
• Sophiornithidae
  • Sophiornis
• Strigidae– typical owls
  • Mioglaux(Late Oligocene? – Early Miocene) – includes"Bubo" poirreiri
  • Intulula(Early/Middle –? Late Miocene) – includes"Strix/Ninox" brevis
  • Alasio(Middle Miocene) – includes"Strix" collongensis
  • Oraristrix(Late Pleistocene)
  • Miosurnia(Late Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • "Otus" wintershofensis(Early/Middle Miocene) – may be close to extant genusNinox
    • "Strix" edwardsi(Middle/Late? Miocene)
    • "Asio" pygmaeus(Early Pliocene)
    • Strigidaegen. et sp. indet.UMMP V31030 (Late Pliocene) –Strix/Bubo?
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Strix(Early Miocene – Recent)
    • Bubo(Late Miocene? – Recent)
    • Asio(Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Athene(Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Glaucidium(Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Surnia(Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Pulsatrix(Late Pleistocene – Recent)
• Tytonidae– barn owls
  • Nocturnavis(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)
  • Selenornis(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)
  • Necrobyas(Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • Prosybris(Early Oligocene? – Early Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Tytonidaegen. et sp. indet.TMT 164 (Middle Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Tyto(Late Miocene – Recent)

Coraciiformes

Rollers and allies. Probably paraphyletic.

• Basal and unresolved forms
  • †Quasisyndactylus longibrachisMayr 1998(middle Eocene) – alcediniform, basal?
  • †Paracoracias occidentalisClarke et al. 2009
  • †Cryptornis antiquusGervais 1848–52 [nomen nudum](Late Eocene) – bucerotid? geranopterid?
  • †Protornis glarniensisvon Meyer 1856(Oligocene) – basal to motmotids and meropids?
  • † Coraciiformes gen. et spp. indet. PQ 1216, QU 15640 (Late Eocene) – 2 species
• †GeranopteridaeMayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2000
  • †GeranopterusMilne-Edvards 1892(Late Eocene – Early Miocene)
    • †G. alatus(Mayr & Mourer-Chauvire 2000)
    • †G. bohemicus(Mlikovsky 1999) Mourer-Chauvire 1999[Nupharanassa bohemicaMlikovsky 1999]
    • †G. milneendwardsiMayr & Mourer-Chauvire 2000
• †EocoraciidaeMayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2000
  • †Eocoracias brachypteraMayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2000(middle Eocene)
• †PrimobucconidaeFeduccia & Martin 1976 sensu Mayr, Mourer-Chauviré & Weidig 2004
  • †PrimobuccoBrodkorb 1970[NeanisBrodkorb 1965 non Gistl 1848] (Early – middle Eocene)
    • †P. kestneriFeduccia 1973[Neanis kestneri(Feduccia 1973) Feduaccia 1976]
    • †P. frugilegusMayr, Mourer-Chauviré & Weidig 2004
    • †P. mcgrewiBrodkorb 1970
    • †P. perneriMayr, Mourer-Chauviré & Weidig 2004
• Todidae– todies
  • †PalaeotodusOlson 1976 (Late Eocene of France – Early Oligocene of WC Europe and Wyoming)
    • †P. emryiOlson 1976
    • †P. escampsiensisMourer-Chauviré 1985
    • †P. itardiensisMourer-Chauviré 1985
• Motmotidae– motmots
  • Placement unresolved
    • Momotidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene)
• Coraciidae
  • †Miocoracias chenevaliMourer-Chauviré, Peyrouse & Hugueney 2013
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Eurystomus
      • †E. beremedensisKessler 2010

Bucerotiformes

• †Messelirrisoridae
  • †MesselirrisorMayr 1998 (middle Eocene)
    • †M. halcyorostrisMayr 1998
    • †M. parvusMayr 1998
    • †M. grandisMayr 2000
• Phoeniculidae(woodhoopoes)
  • †Phirriculus pinicolaMlíkovský & Göhlich 2000
• Bucerotidae– hornbills
  • †Euroceros bulgaricusBoev & Kovachev 2007(Late Miocene of Hadzhidimovo, Bulgaria)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Bucorvus
      • †B. brailloniBrunet 1971

Trogoniformes

• Trogonidae– trogons
  • †Foshanornis songiZhao et al. 2015
  • †Septentrogon madseniKristoffersen 2002 (Fur Late Paleocene/Early Eocene of Ejerslev, Denmark)
  • †Paratrogon gallicus(Milne-Edwards 1871) Lambrecht 1933[Trogon gallicusMilne-Edwards 1871] (Early Miocene of France)
  • †PrimotrogonMayr 1999[MasillatrogonMayr 2009] (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany? - Early Oligocene of France)
    • †P. wintersteiniMayr 1999
    • †P. pumilioMayr 2005[Masillatrogon pumilio(Mayr 2005) Mayr 2009]
  • Placement unresolved
    • Trogonidae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (NW Europe)
    • Trogonidae gen. et sp. indet. 2 (NW Europe)

Piciformes

• Placement unresolved
  • Piciformes gen. et sp. indet. IRScNB Av 65 (Early Oligocene)
  • Rupelramphastoides(Early Oligocene) – ramphastid?
  • Piciformes gen. et sp. indet. SMF Av 429 (Late Oligocene)
  • Capitonides(Early – Middle Miocene) – ramphastid? "capitonid" (Lybiidae, Megalaimidae)? own family Capitonididae?
  • Pici gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene) – "capitonid" (Lybiidae, Megalaimidae?)
• Miopiconidae
  • Miopico
• Lybiidae– African barbets
  • Lybiidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene) – extant genusPogoniulus?
• Galbulidae
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Galbula hylochoreutes(Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia)
• Picavidae
  • Picavus
• Picidae– woodpeckers
  • Palaeopicus(Late Oligocene)
  • Palaeonerpes(Early Pliocene)
  • Pliopicus(Early Pliocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Picidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene)
    • Picidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene)
    • cf.ColaptesDMNH 1262 (Early Pliocene of Ainsworth, US)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Campephilus(Late Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Colaptes
    • Dendrocopos
    • Additional prehistoric subspecies of extant species
      • Melanerpes superciliarisssp. (Little Exuma, Bahamas)
      • Melanerpes superciliarisssp. (New Providence, Bahamas)

Passeriformes

• Placement unresolved
  • Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early Eocene) – several species, oscine?
  • Resoviaornis(Early Oligocene)
  • Wieslochia(Early Oligocene)
  • Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Late Oligocene) – several suboscine and oscine species
  • Certhiops(Early Miocene of Germany) – basalCerthioidea
  • Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – suboscine?
  • Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – several species, oscine?
  • Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Middle Miocene) – several species, basal?
  • Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Middle Miocene) – several species, oscine?
  • Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Late Miocene) –Sylvioidea
  • "Palaeostruthus"eurius(Pliocene)
• Eurylaimidae– broadbills
  • Placement unresolved
    • Eurylaimidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Miocene)
• Palaeoscinidae
  • Palaeoscinis(Late Miocene)
• Furnariidae– ovenbirds
  • †Pseudoseisuropsis
    • †P. nehuen(Early Pleistocene of Argentina)
    • †P. cuelloi(Late Pleistocene of Uruguay)
    • †P. wintu(Early Pleistocene of Argentina)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Pseudoseisura cursor(Ensenada Early/Middle Pleistocene of Anchorena, Argentina)
    • Cinclodes major(Middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)
• Menuridae– lyretails
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Menura(Early Miocene – Recent)
• Meliphagidae– honeyeaters
  • Placement unresolved
    • Meliphagidae gen. et spp. indet. (Middle/Late Miocene – Pliocene of Riversleigh, Australia) – at least 7 spp., some may be from extant genera
• Orthonychidae– logrunners
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Orthonyx(Middle/Late Miocene – Recent)
• Oriolidae– Old World orioles
  • Longmornis(Early Miocene of Riversleigh, Australia)
• Artamidae– woodswallows, butcherbirds, currawongs and Australian magpie
  • Placement unresolved
    • Artamidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – cracticine
• Corvidae– crows, ravens, jays and magpies
  • Miocorvus(Middle Miocene)
  • Miopica(Middle Miocene)
  • Miocitta(Late Miocene)
  • Protocitta(Early Pleistocene)
  • Henocitta(Middle Pleistocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Corvus(Late Miocene — Recent)
    • Pica(Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Pyrrhocorax
  • Placement unresolved
    • Corvidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Pliocene)
    • Corvidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Pleistocene) – probably belongs in extant genus
• Laniidae– shrikes
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Lanius(Early Miocene – Recent)
• Regulidae– kinglets
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Regulus(Late Pliocene – Recent)
• Hirundinidae– swallows and martins
  • Placement unresolved
    • Hirundinidae gen. et spp. indet. (Early Pliocene of Langebaanweg, South Africa) – 2 species
• Megaluridae– grass-warblers and allies
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • ?Locustella(Late Miocene – Recent)
• Acrocephalidae– marsh- and tree-warblers
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • ?Acrocephalus(Late Miocene – Recent)
• Muscicapidae– Old World flycatchers and chats
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Luscinia(Late Miocene – Recent)
• Turdidae– thrushes
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • ?Turdus(Middle? Miocene – Recent)
• Alaudidae– larks
  • Eremarida(Late Miocene of Hrabarsko, Bulgaria)
• Motacillidae– wagtails
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Motacilla
• Fringillidae– finches
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Loxia(Late Pliocene – Recent)
  • Additional prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Coccothraustes simeonovi(Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)
    • Coccothraustes balcanicus
• Icteridae– grackles and New World orioles
  • Pandanaris(Pleistocene)
  • Pyelorhamphus(Pleistocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Euphagus(Late Pleistocene – Recent)
• Cardinalidae– cardinals
  • Placement unresolved
    • Passerinasp. (Early Pliocene of Yepómera, Mexico)
• Emberizidae– buntings and New World sparrows
  • Pampaemberiza(Middle Pleistocene of Necochea, Argentina)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Ammodramus(Late Miocene – Recent) – includingPalaeostruthus
  • Additional prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Pipilo angelensis(Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, US)

Avialansincertae sedis

These fossil taxa cannot be assigned to any major group with reasonable certainty. The "proto-birds" above are of some indeterminate basal position in the entire avialan (and paravian) radiation, but known from such diagnostic material that their relationships at thefamilylevel are known. In contrast, the taxa here have ahypodigmthat is usually just sufficient for giving them a valid scientific name, but not for phylogenetic purposes beyond classing them as pygostylians or more modern birds. Some, however, are known from such fragmentary remains that the possibility that they are non-avian "reptiles"such asdinosaurscannot be ruled out at present.

• †"Ichthyornis" minusculusNesov 1990 (Bissekty Late Cretaceous of Kyzyl Kum, Uzbekistan) – enantiornithine?
• †Qinornis paleocenicaXue 1995 (Early/Middle Paleocene) – enantiornithine? neornithine?

See also

• Bird ichnology
• Dominant group (extinction)
• Feathered dinosaurs
• List of recently extinct birds
• Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
• List of paleognaths
• List of Galliformes
• List of Columbidae species
• Flightless birds
• Origin of birds
• Prehistoric life

References

• Chiappe, Luis M. (2001): The rise of birds.In:Briggs, Derek E.G.& Crowther, P.R. (eds.):Palaeobiology II: A Synthesis:102-106. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
• Chiappe, Luis M. (2002): Basal bird phylogeny: problems and solutions.In:Chiappe, L.M. and Witmer, L.M. (eds.):Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs:448-472. University of California Press, Berkeley, US.
• Clarke, Julia A.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (2006)."Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology ofYixianornis grabaui".Journal of Anatomy.208(3): 287–308.doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00534.x.PMC2100246.PMID16533313.Electronic Appendix
• Gauthier, Jacques A.& de Queiroz, Kevin (2001): Feathered dinosaurs, flying dinosaurs, crown dinosaurs, and the name "Aves".In:Gauthier, Jacques & Gall, L.F. (eds.):New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom:7-41. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
• Mortimer, Michael (2004): The Theropod Database:Phylogeny of taxa.Retrieved 2013-MAR-02.
• Olson, Storrs L.(1985): The fossil record of birds.In:Farner, D.S.; King, J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.):Avian Biology8:79-238. Academic Press, New York. Not in copyright;PDF fulltext
• Sereno, Paul Callistus(2005):TaxonSearch: Stem Archosauria.Version 1.0, November 7, 2005. Retrieved 2007-APR-30.

External links

• Aves Translation and Pronunciation Guideby Ben Creisler (archived 30 September 2007)
• Ingersoll, Ernest(1920)."Birds, Fossil".Encyclopedia Americana.
• "Bird, Fossil".New International Encyclopedia.1905.