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List of mammals of Florida

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dolphin,state saltwater mammal;[1]Florida panther,state animal;[2]andmanatee,state marine mammal[1]

This is a list ofmammal species found in the wild in the American state ofFlorida.One hundred sixteen species of mammals are known to inhabit, or have recently inhabited, the state and its surrounding waters. This includes a few species, such as theblack-tailed jackrabbitandred deer,that were introduced after thearrival of Europeans.It also includes the extinctCaribbean monk sealandFlorida black wolf.Rodents account for roughly one quarter of all species, followed closely by mammals from the familiesCetaceaandCarnivora.

The species included in this list are drawn from the work of theAmerican Society of Mammalogists(ASM), which compiled information from five different publications.[3]Information on the international conservation status of species has been drawn from theIUCN Red List.

Chiroptera

[edit]

Of the bats listed below, thirteen are confirmed to be resident species - all of them are insectivorous. Eight species had very low numbers reported, and can be classified as accidental species: theIndiana bat,Jamaican fruit bat,buffy flower bat,Cuban flower bat,Cuban fig-eating bat,little brown bat,northern long-eared myotis,and thesilver-haired bat.[4]

Bats can be classified in two groups by their roosting habits: solitary-roosting and colony-roosting bats.

Solitary bats prefer to live in leaves, palm fronds, andSpanish moss.Resident bats in this category are theeastern red bat,thenorthern yellow bat,and theSeminole bat.Hoary batsare not considered residents, because they migrate toMexicoandSouth Americato spend the winter, but are considered a native species.[5]

The remaining species are considered to be colony-roosting bats. Darker than their solitary counterparts and less furry, these bats prefer to live under bridges, in tree holes or caves. Only three Florida species live in caves: theeastern pipistrelle,thegray batand thesoutheastern myotis.Florida has the highest concentration of southeastern myotis in the world.[5]

The greatest threat to bats in Florida is the disturbance or destruction of roost sites, due to eithervandalismorurban development.[5]

Common name Scientific name

authority

ASMstate status and native range[3] Red list
FamilyMolossidae:Free-tailed bats
Florida bonneted bat

Eumops floridanus
(Allen, 1932) 		rare,endemicto southern Florida
[6]
Velvety free-tailed bat

Molossus molossus

Molossus molossus
(Pallas, 1766) 		rare; Lower Keys
[7]
Mexican free-tailed bat

Tadarida brasiliensis

Tadarida brasiliensis
(I. Geoffroy, 1824) 		common, statewide except for Keys

[8]

FamilyMormoopidae
Antillean ghost-faced bat

Mormoops blainvillei

Mormoops blainvillei
(Leach, 1821) 		rare, Lower Keys only[9]
[10]
Ghost-faced bat

Mormoops megalophylla

Mormoops megalophylla
(Peters,1864) 		extirpated[11]
[12]
Pristine mustached bat Pteronotus pristinus
(Silva-Taboada, 1974) 		Extinct
FamilyPhyllostomidae:Leaf-nosed bats
Jamaican fruit bat

Artibeus jamaicensis

Artibeus jamaicensis
(Leach, 1821) 		rare, Lower Keys only
[13]
Buffy flower bat

Erophylla sezekorni

Erophylla sezekorni
(Gundlach, 1860) 		rare; Lower Keys
[14]
Cuban flower bat Phyllonycteris poeyi
(Gundlach, 1860) 		rare; Lower Keys
[15]
Cuban fig-eating bat

Phyllops falcatus

Phyllops falcatus
(Gray, 1839) 		rare; Lower Keys
[16]
FamilyVespertilionidae:Vesper bats
Rafinesque's big-eared bat

Corynorhinus rafinesquii

Corynorhinus rafinesquii
Lesson, 1827 		rare, statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys
[17]
Big brown bat

Eptesicus fuscus

Eptesicus fuscus
(Beauvois, 1796) 		common statewide except for Keys
[18]
Silver-haired bat

Lasionycteris noctivagans

Lasionycteris noctivagans
(La Conte, 1831) 		rare; known only from northSanta Rosa Countyand possibly northNassau County
[19]
Eastern red bat

Lasiurus borealis

Lasiurus borealis
(Müller, 1776) 		uncommon; panhandle and northern quarter of peninsula

[20]

Hoary bat

Lasiurus cinereus

Lasiurus cinereus
(Beauvois, 1796) 		uncommon, panhandle and northern half of peninsula
[21]
Northern yellow bat Lasiurus intermedius
H. Allen, 1862 		common statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys
[22]
Seminole bat

Lasiurus seminolus

Lasiurus seminolus
(Rhoads, 1895) 		common, statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys

[23]

Southeastern myotis

Myotis austroriparius

Myotis austroriparius
(Rhoads, 1897) 		common; cave habitats in panhandle and, disjunct, northeastern and northcentral peninsula
[24]
Gray bat

Myotis grisescens

Myotis griscens
A.H. Howell, 1909 		rare, known only from panhandle, Marianna area
[25]
Little brown bat

Myotis lucifugus

Myotis lucifugus
(La Conte, 1831) 		rare, known only from panhandle and Okaloosa County
[26]
Northern long-eared myotis

Myotis lucifugus

Myotis septentrionalis
(Trouessart, 1897) 		rare/accidental or possibly extirpated,[27]known only from panhandle, Marianna and Jackson counties
[28]
Indiana bat

Myotis sodalis

Myotis sodalis
Miller & Allen, 1922 		rare, known only from panhandle, Marianna and Jackson counties
[29]
Evening bat

Nycticeius humeralis

Nycticeius humeralis
(Rafinesque, 1818) 		uncommon; panhandle and northern quarter of peninsula
[30]
Eastern pipistrelle

Perimyotis subflavus

Perimyotis subflavus
(F. Cuvier, 1832) 		uncommon; panhandle and northern half of peninsula
[31]

Carnivorans

[edit]
Florida panther

Coyotesarrived in northern Florida in the 1970s as their natural range expanded. Illegal releases, as well as the extirpation of thered wolfandgray wolffrom the state, were factors in their occupation of the state. Coyotes are extremely adaptable, living in all types of forests and farms.[32]

Florida has two types of foxes. The nativegray foxcan be found in the United States almost anywhere, except the northern plains andRockies.It is sometimes confused with thered foxdue to having patches of red hair.[33]The red fox was introduced to Florida by hunting clubs, although it may have been native in the northern panhandle. Its preferred habitats are open areas, while the gray fox prefers woods.[34]

Red wolveswere once common throughout the southeastern US, including Florida. Extinct in the wild in 1980, it has been progressively introduced to selectnature preserves.The present population was introduced as part of this recovery program in 1997 to theSaint Vincent National Refuge;[35]once red wolf pups reach 18 months, they are relocated to theNorth Carolinaportion of the program.[36]A subspecies ofred wolf,theFlorida black wolf(Canis rufus floridanus) was also endemic to the state, but became extinct in the 19th century.

Bobcatsare well adapted to urban development and are not a conservation concern. They make their home inhammocks,forests or swamps.[37]

TheFlorida pantheris a population ofcougarsfound in Florida. It differs from other populations by having longer legs, a smaller size, and a shorter darker coat. The skull of the Florida panther is broader and flatter with highly arched nasal bones.[38]Reportedly only seventy adult animals are alive,[39]and a 1992 study estimated that the subspecies would become extinct between 2016 and 2055.[40]It was chosen in 1982 as the Florida state animal by the state's schoolchildren.[41]

Two of the eleven species ofskunkslive in Florida. Both theeastern spotted skunkand thestriped skunkcan be found statewide (except for the Keys).

Small populations of the Everglades mink (Neogale vison evergladensis), a subspecies ofAmerican mink,are encountered nearLake Okeechobee,and in theBig Cypress Swamp-Everglades National Parkarea.[42]

North American river ottersare a common sight close to freshwater streams in Florida. The population is increasing.[43]

Raccoonsare prevalent in the contiguous 48 states, including Florida. Adaptable to almost all kinds of habitats, they are among the few which actually benefit from human development, since food becomes more available. Attacks by predators like the bobcat cause minimum mortality, and the main reason for raccoon deaths is considered to be car accidents.[44]They are predators ofsea turtlenests.[45]

TheFlorida black bear(Ursus americanus floridanus) is a subspecies of the American black bear. Differences between subspecies are very small; the Florida black bear has a highly arched forehead and a long and narrow braincase.[46]Estimates for 2002 indicated the number of bears statewide to be between 2,000 and 3,200, indicating an increase from the previous census in 1998. The biggest cause of concern isroadkill,although the rates of mortality are equivalent to other areas in the country.[47]

Florida does not have seal colonies, but stray seals come ashore in Florida occasionally. The most prevalent of those have been thecommon sealand thehooded seal,although abearded sealwas seen in 2007.[48]TheCaribbean monk sealwas native to theCaribbean Seaand theGulf of Mexico.Once a popular prey forBahamasfishermen, their numbers diminished greatly in the 1800s. The last sighting of the species in Florida was in 1922, and specimens have not been seen anywhere since 1952.[49]

Common name Scientific name

authority

ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
FamilyFelidae:Felines
Ocelot

Leopardus pardalis

Leopardus pardalis
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		extirpated[50]
[51]
Bobcat

Lynx rufus

Lynx rufus
(Schreber,1777) 		common; peninsula and northern Keys
Jaguar

Panthera onca

Panthera onca
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		extirpated[52]
[53]
Florida panther

Puma concolor

Puma concolor
(Linnaeus,1771) 		endemic and rare; restricted to Green Swamp and Big Cypress areas in SW peninsula
FamilyCanidae:Canines
Coyote

Canis latrans

Canis latrans
Say, 1823 		uncommon or locally common statewide
[54]
Gray wolf

Canis lupus

Canis lupus
Linnaeus, 1758 		extirpated[55]
[56]
Red wolf

Canis rufus

Canis rufus
(Audubon & Bachman, 1851) 		rare; introduced onSt. Vincent Island,extirpated elsewhere
[57]
Florida black wolf

Canis lupus floridanus

C. r. floridanus
Miller, 1912 		extinct
Gray fox

Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Urocyon cinereoargenteus
(Schreber, 1775) 		uncommon or locally common statewide
[58]
Red fox

Vulpes vulpes fulvus

Vulpes vulpes
(Linnaeus,1758) 		uncommon or locally common statewide
[59]
FamilyUrsidae:Bears
Black bear

Ursus americanus floridanus

Ursus americanus
(Pallas,1780) 		rare or uncommon; localized populations statewide except Keys
[60]
FamilyProcyonidae:Raccoons and allies
Kinkajou

Potos flavus

Potos flavus
(Schreber,1774) 		introduced[61]
[62]
Common raccoon

Procyon lotor

Procyon lotor
(Linnaeus,1758) 		abundant, statewide
[63]
White-nosed coati

Nasua narica

Nasua narica
Linnaeus, 1766 		introduced[64]
[65]
South American coati

Nasua nasua

Nasua nasua
Linnaeus, 1766 		introduced;Miami-Dade County[66]
[67]
FamilyMustelidae:Mustelids
Northern river otter

Lontra canadensis

Lontra canadensis
(Schreber, 1777) 		locally common, mostly freshwater habitats, primarily rivers and streams, statewide except Keys
[68]
European polecat

Mustela putorius

Mustela putorius
Linnaeus,1758 		introduced[69]
[70]
Long-tailed weasel

Neogale frenata

Neogale frenata
(Lichtenstein,1831) 		rare; statewide exceptEvergladesand Keys
[71]
American mink

Neogale vison

Neogale vison
(Schreber, 1777) 		rare; coastal marshes in west Panhandle, Big Bend area, northeast area, and Everglades
[72]
American badger

Taxidea taxus

Taxidea taxus
(Schreber,1777) 		uncommon; Gulf coast[73]
[74]
FamilyMephitidae:Skunks
American hog-nosed skunk

Conepatus leuconotus

Conepatus leuconotus
(Lichtenstein, 1832) 		extirpated[75]
[76]
Striped skunk

Mephitis mephitis

Mephitis mephitis
(Schreber, 1776) 		common; statewide except Keys
[77]
Eastern spotted skunk

Spilogale putorius

Spilogale putorius
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		common; statewide except northeast corner and Keys
[78]
SuperfamilyPinnipedia:Pinnipeds
FamilyOtariidae:Eared seals
California sea lion

Zalophus californianus

Zalophus californianus
(Lesson, 1828) 		introduced; accidental sightings had occurred in Florida's Gulf coast of wandering individuals fromMobile Bay,Alabama[79]
[80]
FamilyPhocidae:Earless seals
Hooded seal

Cystophora cristata

Cystophora cristata
(Erxleben, 1777) 		rare; east coastal marine areas toCentral Florida
[81]
Bearded seal

Erignathus barbatus

Erignathus barbatus
(Erxleben, 1777) 		rare; east coastal marine areas to Central Florida
[82]
Caribbean monk seal

Monachus tropicalis

Neomonachus tropicalis
(Erxleben, 1777) 		extinct
[83]
Gray seal

Halichoerus grypus

Halichoerus grypus
(O. Fabricius,1791) 		rare[84]
Harbor seal

Phoca vitulina

Phoca vitulina
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare; east coastal marine areas to Central Florida
[85]

Cetaceans

[edit]
See also:List of cetaceans
Common bottlenose dolphin inBoca Raton

Of the several whales seen close to Florida, the most frequent and notable visitor is theNorth Atlantic right whale.Named as such because they were the "right" whales to kill, their only known calving ground is located off the coasts of Georgia and Florida. Pregnant females migrate from feeding grounds located far north and deliver calves from mid-December to March.[86]Humpback whalesare also re-colonizing the area whilegray whales,once cavorting off Florida for the same reasons as the right whales, were extirpated from the Atlantic in the 17th and 18th centuries.[87]

The most common dolphin in the state is thecommon bottlenose dolphin.Dolphins, like manatees, are vulnerable tored tideand have mass fatalities when one occurs.[88]Dolphins were designated the Florida state saltwater mammal in 1975.[89]

Common name Scientific name

authority

ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
FamilyBalaenidae:Right whales
Southern right whale

Eubalaena australis

Eubalaena australis
(Desmoulins, 1822) 		vagrant; Atlantic coast[90]
[91]
North Atlantic right whale

Eubalaena glacialis

Eubalaena glacialis
(Linnaeus,1758) 		regular migrant (in very small number)
[92]
FamilyBalaenopteridae:Rorquals
Common minke whale

Balaenoptera acutorostrata

Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Lacépède, 1804 		rare
[93]
Sei whale

Balaenoptera borealis

Balaenoptera borealis
(Lesson,1828) 		rare
[94]
Rice's whale

Balaenoptera ricei

Balaenoptera ricei
Rosel et al., 2021 		resident
[95]
Bryde's whale

Balaenoptera brydei

Balaenoptera brydei
Anderson, 1878 		rare
[96]
Blue whale

Balaenoptera musculus

Balaenoptera musculus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare
[97]
Fin whale

Balaenoptera physalus

Balaenoptera physalus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare
[98]
Humpback whale

Megaptera novaeangliae

Megaptera novaeangliae
(Borowski, 1781) 		common (in small numbers)
[99]
Family Eschrichtiidae: Gray whales
Gray whale

Eschrichtius robustus

Eschrichtius robustus
(Lilljebor,1861) 		extirpated; however in December 2023, a rare sighting of the species was seen atSunny Isles Beach,which is considered to be the first rediscovered gray whale in Florida since the 18th century[100][101][102]
[103]
Family Physeteridae: Sperm whales
Sperm whale

Physeter macrocephalus

Physeter macrocephalus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare
[104]
FamilyKogiidae:Dwarf sperm whales
Pygmy sperm whale

Kogia breviceps

Kogia breviceps
(Blainville, 1838) 		uncommon
[105]
Dwarf sperm whale

Kogia sima

Kogia sima
(Owen, 1866) 		uncommon
[106]
FamilyZiphidae:Beaked whales
Northern bottlenose whale

Hyperoodon ampullatus

Hyperoodon ampullatus
(Forster, 1770) 		rare; Atlantic coast[107]
[108]
Sowerby's beaked whale

Mesoplodon bidens

Mesoplodon bidens
Sowerby, 1804 		rare; Gulf coast[109]
[110]
Blainville's beaked whale

Mesoplodon densirostris

Mesoplodon densirostris
(Blainville, 1817) 		rare
[111]
Gervais' beaked whale

Mesoplodon europaeus

Mesoplodon europaeus
(Gervais, 1855) 		rare
[112]
True's beaked whale

Mesoplodon mirus

Mesoplodon mirus
(True, 1913) 		rare; Atlantic coast south to Flagler County.
[113]
Cuvier's beaked whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Ziphius cavirostris
(G. Cuvier,1823) 		rare

Fl mammals dd.svg[114]

FamilyPhocoenidae:Porpoises
Harbor porpoise

Phocoena phocoena

Phocoena phocoena
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare; east coastal marine areas toNorth Florida[115][116]
[117]
FamilyDelphinidae:Oceanic dolphins
Short-beaked common dolphin

Delphinus delphis

Delphinus delphis
(Gray, 1828) 		rare
[118]
Pygmy killer whale

Feresa attenuata

Feresa attenuata
(Gray, 1875) 		rare
[119]
Short-finned pilot whale

Globicephala macrorhynchus

Globicephala macrorhynchus
Gray, 1846 		rare
[120]
Risso's dolphin

Grampus griseus

Grampus griseus
(G. Cuvier, 1812) 		rare
[121]
Fraser's dolphin

Lagenodelphis hosei

Lagenodelphis hosei
(Fraser, 1956) 		rare;
[122]
Killer whale

Orcinus orca

Orcinus orca
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare though last sighting of the orcas where in theFlorida KeysoffKey Largoin July 2023.[123][124]& again spotted migrating from the coast ofFort PiercetoVero Beachon September 12, 2023.[125][126]
[127]
Melon-headed whale

Peponocephala electra

Peponocephala electra
(Gray, 1846) 		rare
[128]
False killer whale

Pseudorca crassidens

Pseudorca crassidens
(Owen, 1846) 		rare
[129]
Pantropical spotted dolphin

Stenella attenuata

Stenella attenuata
(Gray, 1846) 		rare
[130]
Clymene dolphin

Stenella clymene

Stenella clymene
(Gray, 1846) 		rare
[131]
Striped dolphin

Stenella coeruleoalba

Stenella coeruleoalba
(Meyen, 1833) 		rare
[132]
Atlantic spotted dolphin

Stenella frontalis

Stenella frontalis
(G. Cuvier, 1829) 		rare
[133]
Spinner dolphin

Stenella longirostris

Stenella longirostris
(Gray, 1828) 		rare
[134]
Rough-toothed dolphin

Steno bredanensis

Steno bredanensis
(G. Cuvier in Lesson, 1828) 		rare
[135]
Common bottlenose dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Tursiops truncatus
(Montagu,1821) 		common; coastal
[136]
Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin Tursiops erebennus
(Cope, 1865) 		rare; coastal

Even-toed ungulates

[edit]
Key deer

The only native even-toed ungulate is thewhite-tailed deer.It is the most economically important hunting mammal in all of North America, and is one of the major prey animals of the Florida panther. There were only about 20,000 deer in Florida during the late 1930s, and the species was almost extinct in South Florida due to a campaign to eliminatetick-borne diseases.Hunt restraining measures and purchases from other states were very successful bringing the population to more than 700,000 deer statewide. A smaller subspecies, theKey deer,lives only in the Keys and numbers around 800 animals.[137]Sambar deerwere introduced in 1908 as alternative game for hunters on Saint Vincent Island. The population is between 700 and 1,000; 130 hunters are licensed per year, and each can kill up to two deer.[138]Somered deerwere released from a hunting ranch around 1967 and may still exist as a small herd.[139]

Wild boar found their way to Florida in 1539 with Spanish colonistHernando de Soto.Florida has 12% of the three million boars that roam in the US.[140]They are a popular hunting prey, but are regarded as a pest, due to the damage they inflict to agriculture and environment. More than 21,000 boar were killed in 1980 alone.[141]

Common name Scientific name
authority 		ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
FamilyCervidae:Deer
Chital

Axis axis

Axis axis
(Erxleben, 1777) 		introduced; uncommon
[142]
Elk

Cervus candensis

Cervus canadensis
(Erxleben,1777) 		introduced, possibly extirpated[143]
[144]
Red deer

Cervus elaphus

Cervus elaphus
Linnaeus, 1758 		introduced; single population inHighlands County[145]
[146]
Sika deer

Cervus nippon

Cervus nippon
Temminck,1838 		introduced[147]
[148]
White-tailed deer

Odocoileus virginianus

Odocoileus virginianus
(Zimmerman, 1780) 		common statewide; rare in Keys
[149]
Key deer

O. v. clavium

O. v. clavium
Barbour & G. M. Allen, 1922 		only in Everglades or Keys
Barasingha

Rucervus duvaucelii

Rucervus duvaucelii
G. Cuvier,1823 		introduced[150]
[151]
Sambar deer

Rusa unicolor

Rusa unicolor
(Kerr,1792) 		introduced onSt. Vincent Island
[152]
FamilyBovidae:Bovids
American bison

Bison bison

Bison bison
(Linnaeus,1758) 		reintroduced onPaynes Prairie Preserve[153][154][155]
[156]
Nilgai

Boselaphus tragocamelus

Boselaphus tragocamelus
(Pallas,1766) 		introduced
FamilySuidae:Pigs
Common warthog

Phacochoerus africanus

Phacochoerus africanus
(Gmelin,1788) 		introduced[157]
[158]
Wild boar

Sus scrofa

Sus scrofa
Linnaeus, 1758 		introduced; common
[159]
FamilyAntilocapridae:Pronghorns
Pronghorn

Antilocapra americana

Antilocapra americana
(Ord, 1815) 		introduced, presumably extirpated;Osceloa County[160]
[161]
FamilyTayassuidae:Peccaries
Collared peccary

Dicotyles tajacu

Dicotyles tajacu
(Linnaeus,1758) 		extirpated[162]
[163]

Marsupials

[edit]

TheVirginia opossumis the onlymarsupialfound in North America north of theRio Grande.It lives in wooded areas and can be easily found statewide.

Common name
 Scientific name
authority 		ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
Family Didelphidae: New World opossums
Virginia opossum

Didelphis virginiana

Didelphis virginiana
(Kerr, 1792) 		common; statewide
[164]

Armadillos

[edit]

Cingulata are represented by thenine-banded armadillo,having migrated fromTexas.Subsequent introductions and fast breeding spread the species statewide.[141]

Common name
 Scientific name
authority 		ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
Family Dasypodidae: Armadillos
Nine-banded armadillo

Dasypus novemcinctus

Dasypus novemcinctus
Linnaeus, 1758 		common; statewide, except possibly some parts of Everglades
[165]

Anteaters and tamanduas

[edit]

The Myrmecophagidae are a family ofanteaters,the name is derived from theAncient Greekwords for 'ant' and 'eat'. Two genera and three species are in the family, consisting of thegiant anteater,and thetamanduas.

Common name
 Scientific name
authority 		ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
Family Myrmecophagidae
Northern tamandua

Tamandua mexicana

Tamandua mexicana
(Saussure,1860) 		introduced; Miami-Dade County[166]
[167]

Primates

[edit]

Sixrhesus macaqueswere introduced sometime in the 1930s as tourist attractions, confined to an island in a Central Florida river and flourished.[168]Charles River Laboratories,the world's biggest producer of lab animals, maintained a free-range colony until 1999, when they were forced to remove the animals after they destroyed parts of themangroveforests inKey Haven.[169]Other primates with reported sightings not included in this list arecrab-eating macaquesandsquirrel monkeys.[170]

Common name
 Scientific name
authority 		ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
Vervet monkey

Chlorocebus pygerythrus

Chlorocebus pygerythrus
(F. Cuvier, 1821) 		introduced;Dania BeachandFort Lauderdalearea.[171]
[172]
Rhesus macaque

Macaca mulatta

Macaca mulatta
(Zimmermann, 1780) 		introduced;OcalaandSilver Springsarea
[173]
Family Lemuridae: Lemurs
Ring-tailed lemur

Lemur catta

Lemur catta
Linnaeus,1758 		introduced[174]
[175]

Lagomorphs

[edit]

All the confirmedlagomorphsin Florida are nocturnal; theblack-tailed jackrabbit—introduced as a training tool for racinggreyhoundsfrom 1930 to 1950; the nativeeastern cottontail,which can be found anywhere but in forests and coastal marshes; and themarsh rabbit,which prefers freshwater andbrackish marshes.The subspeciesLower Keys marsh rabbithas the scientific nameSylvilagus palustris hefneriafterHugh Hefner—because research on the subspecies was financed in part by thePlayboy Foundation.[176]

Common name Scientific name

authority

ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
FamilyLeporidae:Rabbits and hares
Black-tailed jackrabbit

Lepus californicus

Lepus californicus
(Gray, 1837) 		introduced; established inHomesteadarea
[177]
Swamp rabbit

Sylvilagus aquaticus

Sylvilagus aquaticus
(Bachman, 1837) 		rare and unconfirmed; possibly present in Escambia County but no known records
[178]
Eastern cottontail

Sylvilagus floridanus

Sylvilagus floridanus
(J. A. Allen, 1890) 		common; statewide except Keys
[179]
Marsh rabbit

Sylvilagus palustris

Sylvilagus palustris
(Bachman, 1837) 		common; statewide
[180]
Lower Keys marsh rabbit

S. p. hefneri
(Lazell, 1984) 		Florida Keys

Rodents

[edit]
Eastern gray squirrel inTampa

Of the several species of rodents in Florida, the subspecies ofoldfield mouseare the biggest conservation concern, along with theFlorida mouseandFlorida salt marsh vole.Six of eight subspecies of the oldfield mouse (commonly namedbeach mice) are in endangered status, and one is extinct. Given causes for their demise is predators like cats and red foxes and destruction of their natural habitats.[181]The Florida mouse is on the endangered species list because of destruction of their habitat. The Florida bonneted bat, Florida mouse and Florida salt marsh vole are the only mammal speciesendemicto Florida. The mouse depends on thegopher tortoise(also endangered) for its survival, because it makes its burrows from tortoise burrows, or in the absence of those, oldfield mouse burrows.[182]

Non-native species brought in boats by colonizers are theblack rat,brown ratandhouse mouse.Other non-natives are thecapybara,thenutriaand theMexican gray squirrel.[183]

Common name Scientific name

authority

ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
FamilyCastoridae:Beavers
American beaver

Castor canadensis

Castor canadensis
(Kuhl,1820) 		common; panhandle and northern third of peninsula, except coastal areas.
[184]
FamilySciuridae:Squirrels
Southern flying squirrel

Glaucomys volans

Glaucomys volans
(Linnaeus,1758) 		common; statewide except Keys and possibly southwest peninsula
[185]
Groundhog

Marmota monax

Marmota monax
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare[186]
[187]
Mexican gray squirrel

Sciurus aureogaster

Sciurus aureogaster
F. Cuvier, 1829 		introduced; established onElliott Key
[188]
Eastern gray squirrel

Sciurus carolinensis

Sciurus carolinensis
(Gmelin,1788) 		common; statewide except Lower Keys
[189]
Fox squirrel

Sciurus niger

Sciurus niger
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare; statewide except Keys; possibly extinct in southeastern peninsula
[190]
Eastern chipmunk

Tamias striatus

Tamias striatus
(Linnaeus,1758) 		uncommon; northern half of western panhandle inmesic forestareas
[191]
American red squirrel

Tamiasciurus hudsonicus

Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
(Erxleben, 1777) 		rare[192]
[193]
FamilyGeomyidae:Pocket gophers
Plains pocket gopher

Geomys bursarius

Geomys bursarius
(Shaw, 1800) 		rare[194]
[195]
Southeastern pocket gopher

Geomys pinetis

Geomys pinetis
(Rafinesque, 1817) 		common; panhandle and northern half of peninsula
[196]
Goff's pocket gopher G. p. goffi
Sherman, 1944 		extinct; once endemic toBrevard County
FamilyZapodidae:Jumping mice
Woodland jumping mouse

Napaeozapus insignis

Napaeozapus insignis
(Miller, 1891) 		rare[197]
[198]
FamilyCricetidae:Voles, muskrats
Eastern harvest mouse

Reithrodontomys humulis

Reithrodontomys humulis
(Audubon & Bachman, 1941) 		common; panhandle and northern two thirds of peninsula in old fields, grasslands, and fields
[199]
Florida salt marsh vole

Microtus dukecampbelli
(Woods, Post, and Kilpatrick, 1982) 		rare; endemic tosalt marshesinWaccasassa BayinLevy County
[200]
Woodland vole

Microtus pinetorum

Microtus pinetorum
(Le Conte, 1830) 		uncommon; central portion of northern third of peninsula
[201]
Round-tailed muskrat

Neofiber alleni

Neofiber alleni
(True, 1884) 		common; peninsula and isolated populations inApalachicolaand Okefenokee areas
[202]
Florida woodrat

Neotoma Floridana

Neotoma floridana
(Ord, 1818) 		uncommon; panhandle, northern two thirds of peninsula and rare; Key Largo
[203]
Key Largo woodrat

Neotoma floridana smalli

Neotoma floridana smalli
(Sherman, 1955) 		Endangered in Key Largo
Golden mouse Ochrotomys nuttalli
(Harlan, 1832) 		rare; panhandle and northern half of peninsula
[204]
Muskrat

Ondatra zibethicus

Ondatra zibethicus
(Linnaeus, 1766) 		common; northwestern half of panhandle
[205]
Marsh rice rat

Oryzomys palustris

Oryzomys palustris
(Harlan, 1837) 		common; statewide
[206]
Cotton mouse

Peromyscus gossypinus

Peromyscus gossypinus
(Le Conte, 1850) 		common; statewide in forests and mixed forest/grasslands
[207]
Key Largo cotton mouse P. g. allapaticola

(Schwartz, 1952)

endemic toKey Largo
Chadwick Beach cotton mouse P. g. restrictus

(A.H. Howell,1939)

extinct; once endemic to the Chadwick Beach area ofManasota Key
Oldfield mouse

Peromyscus polionotus

(Wagner,1843)

common; several endemic subspecies (see below)
Pallid beach mouse P. p. decoloratus
(A.H. Howell, 1939) 		extinct; once endemic to Ponce Park inVolusia Countyand Bulow inFlagler County
Anastasia Island beach mouse

Peromyscus polionotus phasma

P. p. phasma
(Bangs, 1898) 		endemic toAnastasia Islandin St. Augustine, Florida
Perdido Key beach mouse

Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis

P. p. trissyllepsis
(Bowen, 1968) 		endemic toPerdido Key,Florida
Florida mouse Podomys floridanus
(Chapman, 1889) 		rare; central peninsula, mostly in habitats along central ridges. [208]
Hispid cotton rat

Sigmodon hispidus

Sigmodon hispidus
Say & Ord, 1825 		common; statewide
[209]
FamilyMuridae:Murids
House mouse

Mus musculus

Mus musculus
Linnaeus, 1758 		introduced; common; statewide
[210]
Brown rat

Rattus norvegicus

Rattus norvegicus
(Berkenhout, 1769) 		introduced; common; statewide
[211]
Black rat

Rattus rattus

Rattus rattus
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		introduced; common statewide
[212]
FamilyNesomyidae:Nesomyids
Gambian pouched rat

Cricetomys gambianus

Cricetomys gambianus
Waterhouse,1840 		introduced; Keys[213]
[214]
FamilyMyocastoridae:Nutrias
Nutria

Myocastor coypus

Myocastor coypus
(Molina, 1782) 		introduced;Duval Countyand panhandle populations; possibly established statewide except Keys
[215]
FamilyCaviidae:Cavies
Patagonian mara

Patagonian mara

Dolichotis patagonum
(Zimmermann,1780) 		introduced[216]
[217]
Capybara

[Capybara

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
(Linnaeus,1766) 		introduced;[218]while no breeding population has been confirmed, sightings still occur. While it is considered an invasive species, some claim that it mayserve as a proxy of the Pleistocene species.[219]
[220]
FamilyDasyproctidae:Agoutis and acouchis
Red-rumped agouti

Red-rumped agouti

Dasyprocta leporina
(Linnaeus,1766) 		introduced; Miami-Dade County[221]
[222]

Shrews and moles

[edit]

Four species ofshrews(eulipotyphlans) are found across Florida. Two known subspecies are the Homosassa shrew (Sorex longirostris eionis) and Sherman's short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis shermanii).[223]One of their main predators is the cat. Completing the Eulipotyphla are two species ofmoles.

Common name Scientific name

authority

ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
FamilySoricidae:Shrews
Southern short-tailed shrew

Blarina carolinensis

Blarina carolinensis
(Bachman, 1837) 		common; statewide except for Keys
[224]
North American least shrew

Cryptotis parva

Cryptotis parva
(Say, 1823) 		common; statewide except for Keys
[225]
Everglades short-tailed shrew Blarina peninsulae
(Merriam, 1895) 		common; peninsular
Southeastern shrew

Sorex longirostris

Sorex longirostris
Bachman, 1837 		uncommon; north, south through Central Florida
[226]
FamilyTalpidae:Moles
Star-nosed mole

Condylura cristata

Condylura cristata
(Linnaeus,1758) 		rare;Okefenokee Swamparea and possibly inLeon County
[227]
Eastern mole

Scalopus aquaticus

Scalopus aquaticus
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		common; statewide except for Keys
[228]

Sirenia

[edit]
West Indian manatee

Trichechus manatus latirostrisis one of the two subspecies of theWest Indian manatee.This herbivorous aquatic mammal lives in rivers, springs and shallow coastal waters. It was designated the state marine mammal in 1975[229]and is protected by federal and state laws. Threatened by habitat loss, entanglements in fishing gear and crab traps, or by being asphyxiated or crushed by canal locks and flood gates, the most common cause for manatee deaths is being struck by boats, which caused one quarter of all deaths recorded since 1974. In 2015, the statewide population was estimated at 6,063.[230]

Common name Scientific name

authority

ASMstate status and native range[3] Red List
FamilySirenia:Sea cows
West Indian manatee

Trichechus manatus

Trichechus manatus
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		rare; coastal marine areas, but not usually north of the Suwannee River in the Gulf of Mexico; enters rivers and connected springs common; peninsula and northern Keys.
[231]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
General
  • Brown, L. N. (1997).Mammals of Florida.Miami, Florida: Windward Publishing.
  • Burt, W. H.; R. P. Grossenheider (1976).A field guide to the mammals of America north of Mexico(Third ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Nowak, R. M. (1991).Walker's mammals of the world(Fifth ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Stevenson, H. M. (1976).Vertebrates of Florida, identification and distribution(Fifth ed.). Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida.
  • Whitaker, J. O.; W. J. Hamilton (1998).Mammals of the Eastern United States(Third ed.). Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • "State Lists: Mammals of Florida".The American Society of Mammalogists. May 22, 2001. Archived fromthe originalon August 26, 2007.RetrievedJuly 18,2007.
Specific
  1. ^ab"§15.038 2006 Florida Statutes".State of Florida.Archivedfrom the original on November 10, 2020.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  2. ^"§15.0353 2006 Florida Statutes".State of Florida.Archivedfrom the original on November 20, 2007.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  3. ^abcdefghijklm"State Lists: Mammals of Florida".The American Society of Mammalogist. May 22, 2001.Archivedfrom the original on December 19, 2012.RetrievedJuly 18,2007.The silver rice rat is not in this list because it was reclassified as asynonymof the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris). Besides that, the classification for animals was updated to reflect current nomenclature, and the common names of animals changed to the names used in Wikipedia articles.
  4. ^"Accidental Bat Species in Florida".Florida Bat Conservancy. 2005. Archived fromthe originalon July 12, 2007.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  5. ^abcDenise R. Tomlinson."Florida's Bats".little publishing co.Archivedfrom the original on April 17, 2009.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  6. ^Solari, S. (2016),"Eumops floridanus",IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,2016:e.T136433A21984011,doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136433A21984011.en
  7. ^Barquez, R.; Rodriguez, B.; Miller, B.; Diaz, M. (2015)."Molossus molossus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2015:e.T13648A22106602.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13648A22106602.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  8. ^Barquez, R.; Diaz, M.; Gonzalez, E.; Rodriguez, A.; Incháustegui, S.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J. (2015)."Tadarida brasiliensis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2015:e.T21314A22121621.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T21314A22121621.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
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  18. ^Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A.D.; de Grammont, P.C. (2016)."Eptesicus fuscus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T7928A22118197.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T7928A22118197.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  19. ^Solari, S. (2019)."Lasionycteris noctivagans".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2019:e.T11339A22122128.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T11339A22122128.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  20. ^Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Cuarón, A.D.; de Grammont, P.C. (2016)."Lasiurus borealis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T11347A22121017.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T11347A22121017.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  21. ^Gonzalez, E.; Barquez, R.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J. (2016)."Lasiurus cinereus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T11345A22120305.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T11345A22120305.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
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  24. ^Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. (2017)."Myotis austroriparius".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2017:e.T14147A22059907.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T14147A22059907.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
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  26. ^Solari, S. (2018)."Myotis lucifugus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2018:e.T14176A22056344.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T14176A22056344.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
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  68. ^Serfass, T.; Evans, S.S.; Polechla, P. (2015)."Lontra canadensis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2015:e.T12302A21936349.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12302A21936349.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
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  182. ^"Florida Mouse (Gopher Mouse) (Podomys floridanus) ".United States fauna. Archived fromthe originalon August 29, 2007.RetrievedJuly 20,2007.
  183. ^"Florida's Exotic Wildlife: status for 31 Mammal species".State of Florida. Archived fromthe originalon May 24, 2011.RetrievedJuly 20,2007.
  184. ^Cassola, F. (2016)."Castor canadensis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T4003A22187946.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T4003A22187946.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  185. ^Baillie, J. (1996)."Glaucomys volans".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  186. ^"Marmota monax".GBIF.RetrievedSeptember 23,2023.
  187. ^Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]."Marmota monax".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T42458A115189992.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42458A22257685.en.RetrievedSeptember 23,2023.
  188. ^Koprowski, J.; Roth, L.; Reid, F.; Woodman, N.; Timm, R.; Emmons, L. (2017)."Sciurus aureogaster".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2017:e.T20006A22248035.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T20006A22248035.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  189. ^Cassola, F. (2016)."Sciurus carolinensis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T42462A22245728.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42462A22245728.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  190. ^Kirkland, G.L. Jr. (2000)."Sciurus niger".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2000.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  191. ^Rodent Specialist Group (1996)."Tamias striatus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  192. ^"Tamiasciurus hudsonicus".GBIF.RetrievedSeptember 23,2023.
  193. ^Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]."Tamiasciurus hudsonicus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T42587A115192299.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42587A22250817.en.RetrievedSeptember 23,2023.
  194. ^"Geomys bursarius".GBIF.RetrievedSeptember 23,2023.
  195. ^Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]."Geomys bursarius".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T42588A115192675.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42588A22217794.en.RetrievedSeptember 23,2023.
  196. ^Kirkland, G.L. Jr. (1996)."Geomys pinetis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  197. ^"Woodland Jumping Mouse".iNaturalist.June 15, 2023.RetrievedSeptember 23,2023.
  198. ^Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]."Napaeozapus insignis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T42612A115194392.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42612A22199621.en.RetrievedSeptember 23,2023.
  199. ^Baillie, J. (1996)."Reithrodontomys humilis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  200. ^"Florida Salt March Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli) Species Account | North Florida ESO Jacksonville".fws.gov.Archivedfrom the original on April 21, 2021.RetrievedJuly 9,2021.
  201. ^Rodent Specialist Group (1996)."Microtus pinetorum".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  202. ^Cassola, F. (2016)."Neofiber alleni".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T14520A22356567.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14520A22356567.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  203. ^Hafner, D.J. (1996)."Neotoma floridana".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  204. ^Baillie, J. (1996)."Ochrotomys nuttalli".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  205. ^Cassola, F. (2016)."Ondatra zibethicus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T15324A22344525.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15324A22344525.en.RetrievedNovember 19,2021.
  206. ^Baillie, J. (1996)."Oryzomys palustris".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  207. ^Kirkland, G.L. Jr. (1996)."Peromyscus gossypinus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  208. ^Austin, J.; Roach, N. (2019)."Podomys floridanus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2019:e.T17830A22339074.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T17830A22339074.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  209. ^Baillie, J. (1996)."Sigmodon hispidus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  210. ^Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsainas, G. (2021)."Mus musculus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2021:e.T13972A197519724.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13972A197519724.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  211. ^Ruedas, L.A. (2016)."Rattus norvegicus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T19353A165118026.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19353A165118026.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  212. ^Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsainas, G.; Yigit, N. (2021)."Rattus rattus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2021:e.T19360A192565917.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19360A192565917.en.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  213. ^"Gambian pouched rat".EDDMapS.RetrievedOctober 1,2023.
  214. ^Kennerley, R. (2019)."Cricetomys gambianus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2019:e.T112169507A50534302.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T112169507A50534302.en.RetrievedOctober 1,2023.
  215. ^Pearson, O. (1996)."Myocastor coypus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  216. ^"Patagonian mara".EDDMapS.RetrievedSeptember 19,2023.
  217. ^Roach, N. (2016)."Dolichotis patagonum".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T6785A22190337.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6785A22190337.en.RetrievedSeptember 19,2023.
  218. ^"WEC393/UW438: Status of Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Rodentia: Hydrochaeridae) and Potential for Establishment in Florida".Archivedfrom the original on September 24, 2020.RetrievedNovember 15,2020.
  219. ^Erick J. Lundgren, Daniel Ramp, John Rowan, Owen Middleton, Simon D. Schowanek, Oscar Sanisidro, Scott P. Carroll, Matt Davis, Christopher J. Sandom, Jens-Christian Svenning, Arian D. Wallach, James A. Estes, 2020,Introduced herbivores restore Late Pleistocene ecological functions,PNAS, 117 (14), pp.7871-7878,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  220. ^Reid, F. (2016)."Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T10300A22190005.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10300A22190005.en.RetrievedMay 1,2017.
  221. ^Pranty, Bill; Ponzo, Valeri (2021)."Record of a Red-Rumped Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) In Miami-Dade County, Florida"(PDF).Florida Field Naturalist.49(1): 11–12.
  222. ^Emmons, L.; Reid, F. (2016)."Dasyprocta leporina".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016:e.T89497102A22197762.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T89497102A22197762.en.RetrievedSeptember 18,2023.
  223. ^Marianne Cowley."Shrews".Your Florida Backyard.Archivedfrom the original on September 27, 2007.RetrievedJuly 20,2007.
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  225. ^Insectivore Specialist Group (1996)."Cryptotis parva".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  226. ^Insectivore Specialist Group (1996)."Sorex longirostris".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  227. ^Insectivore Specialist Group (1996)."Condylura cristata".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  228. ^Insectivore Specialist Group (1996)."Scalopus aquaticus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.1996.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  229. ^"Manatee".State of Florida. Archived fromthe originalon September 6, 2007.RetrievedJuly 19,2007.
  230. ^"Manatees".Fish and Wildlife Research Institute.Archivedfrom the original on September 6, 2015.RetrievedAugust 20,2015.
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