List of statistical tests
Appearance
Statistical tests are used totest the fit between a hypothesis and the data.[1][2]Choosing the rightstatistical testis not a trivial task.[1]The choice of the test depends on many properties of the research question. The vast majority of studies can be addressed by 30 ofthe 100 or so statistical tests in use.[3][4][5]
Explanation of properties[edit]
- Scaling of data:One of the properties of the tests is the scale of the data, which can beinterval-based,ordinalornominal.[3]Nominal scale is also known as categorical.[6]Interval scale is also known as numerical.[6]When categorical data has only two possibilities, it is calledbinaryordichotomous.[1]
- Assumptions, parametric and non-parametric:There are two groups of statistical tests,parametricandnon-parametric.The choice between these two groups needs to be justified. Parametric tests assume that the data follow a particular distribution, typically anormal distribution,while non-parametric tests make no assumptions about the distribution.[7]Non-parametric tests have the advantage of being more resistant to misbehaviour of the data, such asoutliers.[7]They also have the disadvantage of being less certain in the statistical estimate.[7]
- Type of data:Statistical tests use different types of data.[1]Some tests performunivariate analysison a single sample with a single variable. Others compare two or morepairedor unpaired samples. Unpaired samples are also called independent samples. Paired samples are also called dependent. Finally, there are some statistical tests that perform analysis of relationship between multiple variables likeregression.[1]
- Number of samples:The number of samples of data.
- Exactness:A test can beexactor beasymptoticdelivering approximate results.
List of statistical tests[edit]
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^abcdefgParab, Shraddha; Bhalerao, Supriya (2010)."Choosing statistical test".International Journal of Ayurveda Research.1(3): 187–191.doi:10.4103/0974-7788.72494.ISSN0974-7788.PMC2996580.PMID21170214.
- ^"Entscheidbaum"(in German).Retrieved8 February2024.
- ^abNayak, Barun K; Hazra, Avijit (2011)."How to choose the right statistical test?".Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.59(2): 85–86.doi:10.4103/0301-4738.77005.ISSN0301-4738.PMC3116565.PMID21350275.
- ^Lewis, Nancy D.; Lewis, Nigel Da Costa; Lewis, N. D. (2013).100 Statistical Tests in R: What to Choose, how to Easily Calculate, with Over 300 Illustrations and Examples.Heather Hills Press.ISBN978-1-4840-5299-0.
- ^Kanji, Gopal K. (18 July 2006).100 Statistical Tests.SAGE.ISBN978-1-4462-2250-8.
- ^ab"What is the difference between categorical, ordinal and interval variables?".stats.oarc.ucla.edu.Retrieved10 February2024.
- ^abcHuth, R.; Pokorná, L. (1 March 2004)."Parametric versus non-parametric estimates of climatic trends".Theoretical and Applied Climatology.77(1): 107–112.Bibcode:2004ThApC..77..107H.doi:10.1007/s00704-003-0026-3.ISSN1434-4483.S2CID121539673.
- ^abcde Winter, J.C.F. (2019). "Using the Student's t-test with extremely small sample sizes".Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation.18.doi:10.7275/e4r6-dj05.
- ^"t-Test für unabhängige Stichproben".Hochschule Luzern(in German).Retrieved10 February2024.
- ^Choi, Won; Lee, Jae Won; Huh, Myung-Hoe; Kang, Seung-Ho (11 January 2003)."An Algorithm for Computing the Exact Distribution of the Kruskal–Wallis Test".Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation.32(4): 1029–1040.doi:10.1081/SAC-120023876.ISSN0361-0918.S2CID123037097.
- ^McKight, Patrick E.; Najab, Julius (30 January 2010). "Kruskal-Wallis Test".The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology.Wiley. p. 1.doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0491.ISBN978-0-470-17024-3.
- ^McHugh, Mary L. (15 June 2013)."The Chi-square test of independence".Biochemia Medica.23(2): 143–149.doi:10.11613/BM.2013.018.PMC3900058.PMID23894860.
- ^abcdWarner, Pamela (1 October 2013)."Testing association with Fisher's Exact test".Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care.39(4): 281–284.doi:10.1136/jfprhc-2013-100747.ISSN1471-1893.PMID24062499.
- ^Károly, Héberger; Róbert, Rajkó (1999).Pair-Correlation Method with parametric and non-parametric test-statistics for variable selection. Description of computer program and application for environmental data case studies.szef. pp. 82–91.
- ^abAhmad, Fiaz; Khan, Rehan Ahmad (8 September 2015)."A power comparison of various normality tests".Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research.11(3): 331–345.doi:10.18187/pjsor.v11i3.845.ISSN1816-2711.