Lloyd Barbee

Lloyd Barbee
Member of theWisconsin State Assembly
In office January 1965 – January 3, 1977
Succeeded by	Marcia P. Coggs
Constituency	6th district (1965–1973) 18th district(1973–1977)
Personal details
Born	Lloyd Augustus Barbee (1925-08-17)August 17, 1925 Memphis, Tennessee,U.S.
Died	December 29, 2002(2002-12-29)(aged 77) Milwaukee,Wisconsin,U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Education	LeMoyne–Owen College(BA) University of Wisconsin–Madison(JD)
Military service
Branch/service	United States Navy
Years of service	1943–1946

Lloyd Augustus Barbee(August 17, 1925 – December 29, 2002) was anAmericanlawyer and politician who worked for civil rights. He led the effort to integrate theMilwaukeePublic School system.He was aDemocrat.

Early life and education

Born inMemphis, Tennessee,Barbee joined theNAACPat age twelve. He served in theUnited States Navyfrom 1943 to 1946. In 1949, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics all-blackLeMoyne–Owen Collegeand enrolled at theUniversity of Wisconsin Law School,but he soon dropped out due to the racial prejudice of some faculty and students.Later he returned to the University of Wisconsin.In 1955, he was elected president of the Madison chapter of the NAACP,and he completed law school in 1956.

Career

In 1962 Barbee moved to Milwaukee, which was very racially segregated. In 1963, working for the NAACP, he challenged the Milwaukee Public Schools to integrate. The school system refused,claiming that the segregation of its schools resulted not from its policies, but from segregated neighborhoods.In response Barbee organized civil rights activists into the Milwaukee United School Integration Committee (MUSIC), which organizedboycottsof the schools and blocked buses, aiming to bring attention to the problem.

Barbee lived in this house on Near North Side from 1966 to 1980. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its association with Barbee.

In 1964 Barbee ran to represent what was then the 6th district of Milwaukee in theWisconsin State Assemblyand won. From 1965 to 1977 he was the only African-American in the state legislature.During that time he introduced a State Fair Housing bill,and worked forfair employment,gay rights,women's rights, prison reform, legalization of drugs and prostitution, disarming police officers, and taxation of churches.

The school boycotts did not sway Milwaukee's school board, so in 1965 Barbee filed a federal lawsuitAmos et al. v. Board of School Directors of the City of Milwaukee,arguing that MPS's neighborhood school policy did indeed preserve and intensify school segregation. This claim was supported by research conducted by Barbee, Marilyn Morheuser and MUSIC volunteers. The case ground on for years, with Barbee often working alone against MPS's lawyers, but in 1976 federal judgeJohn W. Reynolds Jr.ruled in favor of Barbee, writing "I have concluded that segregation exists in the Milwaukee public schools and that this segregation was intentionally created and maintained by the defendants." MPS appealed the decision all the way to theSupreme Court,but that court supported Judge Reynold's judgment and Barbee's case. In 1979, MPS agreed to change its policies,and began making progress toward integrating its schools.

In later years Barbee continued his law practice.From 1978 to 2000, he taught in theAfricologydepartment at theUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee,and he continued to work for justice and social change in Milwaukee until he died in 2002.