Londrina
Londrina | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Londrina | |
Clockwise from top:panorama of Londrina and the Igapó Lake; Museum of Londrina; Tomi Nakagawa Square; Igapó Lake; greenhouse of the Botanic Garden of Londrina; and Cathedral of Londrina | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname: Pequena Londres ( "Little London" ) / Capital do Café ( "Coffee Capital" ) | |
 Location in Paraná | |
  Londrina Location in Brazil | |
| Coordinates:23°18′36″S51°09′46″W/ 23.31000°S 51.16278°W | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| State |  Paraná |
| Mesoregion | Norte Central Paranaense |
| Microregion | Londrina |
| Founded | 10 December 1934 |
| Government | |
| •Mayor | Marcelo Belinati Martins (PP) |
| Area | |
| •Municipality | 1,650.809 km2(637 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 4,194.9 km2(1,619.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 610 m (2,000 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
| •Municipality | 555,965 |
| • Density | 340/km2(870/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Londrinense |
| Time zone | UTC-3(BRT) |
| Postal Code | 86000-000 |
| Area code | +55 43 |
| HDI(2010) | 0.778 –high[1] |
| Major airport | Londrina Airport |
| Website | Official website |
Londrina(Portuguese pronunciation:[lõˈdɾĩnɐ],literally "Little London" ) is a city located in the north of the state ofParaná,South Region, Brazil,and is 369 km (229 miles) away from the state capital,Curitiba.It is the second largest city in the state and fourth largest in the southern region of the country, with 555,965 inhabitants in the city proper (2022).[2][3]
Londrina was originally explored by British settlers, and then officially established in 1930 by a small group of Italian, Japanese and German settlers. It rapidly became the commercial, political, and cultural centre of the state's northern pioneer zone.[4]Its universities include theUniversidade Estadual de Londrina(Londrina State University) and theUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(Federal University of Technology – Paraná).
Demography
[edit]The city was named after British entrepreneurs who launched railroad stations in the region to ease the transportation of coffee grains from northern Paraná and southernSão Paulostates to theport of Santos.The wordLondrinapays homage tothe British capital(Londresin Portuguese), since a London cotton company, Paraná Plantations Limited, made the original investment to settle in this area.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 509 | — |
| 1910 | 976 | +91.7% |
| 1920 | 1,483 | +51.9% |
| 1930 | 27,475 | +1752.7% |
| 1940 | 65,889 | +139.8% |
| 1950 | 71,321 | +8.2% |
| 1960 | 136,401 | +91.2% |
| 1970 | 347,544 | +154.8% |
| 1980 | 403,005 | +16.0% |
| 1990 | 385,580 | −4.3% |
| 2000 | 447,065 | +15.9% |
| 2009 | 510,707 | +14.2% |
| 2010 | 506,645 | −0.8% |
| 2011 | 511,278 | +0.9% |
| 2012 | 515,707 | +0.9% |
| 2013 | 537,566 | +4.2% |
| 2014 | 543,003 | +1.0% |
| 2022 | 555,965 | +2.4% |
Geography
[edit]The city is located in the north of the state ofParaná,and is 369 km (229 miles) away from the state capital, Curitiba.
Climate
[edit]According to theKöppen-Geiger climate classification system,Londrina has ahumid subtropical climate(Cfa) influenced by theAtlantic Forestbiome.[5]Average annual precipitation is 1,622.6 mm (63.9 in). Mean average annual temperature is 20.62 °C (69 °F).
| Climate data for Londrina (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.3 (99.1) |
37.5 (99.5) |
36.7 (98.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
39.4 (102.9) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.3 (102.7) |
40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) |
30.3 (86.5) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.6 (83.5) |
24.9 (76.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
29.1 (84.4) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.0 (82.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
21.6 (70.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
12.3 (54.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
0.3 (32.5) |
3.0 (37.4) |
7.6 (45.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 243.2 (9.57) |
179.8 (7.08) |
134.9 (5.31) |
94.3 (3.71) |
109.7 (4.32) |
86.4 (3.40) |
66.1 (2.60) |
54.3 (2.14) |
102.6 (4.04) |
139.7 (5.50) |
150.9 (5.94) |
221.1 (8.70) |
1,583 (62.32) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 15 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 102 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 78.1 | 76.3 | 74.3 | 75.4 | 78.3 | 79.5 | 74.8 | 68.6 | 67.8 | 69.7 | 70.4 | 73.8 | 73.9 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 185.0 | 192.3 | 224.4 | 212.7 | 191.5 | 198.0 | 202.4 | 218.7 | 187.7 | 199.4 | 209.1 | 198.5 | 2,419.7 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Economy
[edit]
Agriculturecontinues to be Londrina's major economic activity, although its importance has diminished in recent years. Agricultural activity was diversified beyondcoffee,and todaycorn,wheat,cotton,horticulture,beans,peanuts,rice,sugar cane,soy bean,and fruit plantations thrive due to the rich Northern Paraná/South Western São Paulo State "terra roxa/vermelha" crimson soil. Although the city has increased its industrial park by adding weaving, textiles and agricultural factories, Londrina's main wealth continues to be agricultural production. Today, Londrina is also known for its commerce and service sectors. Moreover, real estate is another growing sector that has generated jobs and boosted even more the size of this city in Paraná.
It possesses one of the largest universities in the country, theLondrina State University,as well as several privatecolleges.
The city is served byLondrina – Governador José Richa Airport.
Once a year, the city hosts the largest agricultural fair in Latin America, the Expo Londrina.
Health
[edit]Londrina is served by both universal health care system, through theSistema Único de Saúde(SUS) and by many private health care facilities. The municipality has 133 SUS health facilities, such as hospitals, local clinics and nurseries. Despite ample access to healthcare, infant mortality rate are relatively high, with 10.68 deaths per one thousand births as of 2017.
Education
[edit]
Portugueseis the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the officialhigh schoolcurriculum. As of 2010, the rate of formal schooling is 97.3% between the age of 6 and 14 years old. The basic education system has 65.065 enrolled and the middle/high school system has 18,140 students as of 2018.
Colleges and universities
[edit]- Universidade Estadual de Londrina(UEL) – "Londrina State University"
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(UTFPR) – "Federal University of Technology – Paraná"
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná(PUC-PR) – "Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná"
- Universidade Norte do Paraná(UNOPAR) – "North Paraná University"
- Centro Universitário Filadéfia(UniFil) – "Filadélfia University Center"
- Faculdade Pitágoras– "Pitágoras College"
- Faculdade Arthur Thomas(FAAT) – "Arthur Thomas College"
- Faculdade Teologica Sul Americana(FTSA) – "South American Theological College"
Metropolitan region of Londrina
[edit]Instituted by State Complementary Law 81 on 17 June 1998, the Metropolitan Region of Londrina includes the cities of Londrina,Cambé,Ibiporã,Sertanópolis,Bela Vista do Paraíso,Jataizinho,Rolândia,Tamarana,andArapongas,totaling 750 thousand inhabitants.
Religion
[edit]The city is the seat of theRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Londrina.The city is also home to two stakes ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintsas well as the headquarter of the Brazil Londrina Mission, which encompasses northernParanáand parts ofSão Paulo.
Sports
[edit]The city'sfootballclubs includeLondrina Esporte Clube,founded in 1956, and theAssociação Portuguesa Londrinensefounded in 1950. They play atCaféstadium, a 45,000 spectator capacity stadium.
Inesul/Londrina, owned by INESUL – Instituto de Ensino Superior de Londrina, ahigher educationinstitution, is a city's majorbasketballclub and competes in theCampeonato Brasileiro de Basquete.
Notable people
[edit] |
- Michelle Alves,model
- Giovane Élber,footballer
- Fernandinho,footballer
- Giba,volleyball player, Olympic and World champion
- Bruno Henrique,footballer
- João Victor Horto,racing driver
- Jádson,footballer
- Victor Lazzarini,composer
- Everson Maciel,footballer
- Marcão,footballer
- Naldo,footballer
- Elisângela Oliveira,volleyball player, Olympic medallist
- Flávia de Oliveira,model
- Rafinha,footballer
- Rogério Romero,swimmer
- Pedro Rezende,YouTuber
- Rafael Santos,footballer
- Dionatan Teixeira,footballer
- Douglas Vieira,judoka, Olympic runner-up
- Diogo Yabe,swimmer
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^"Archived copy"(PDF).United Nations Development Programme(UNDP). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on July 8, 2014.RetrievedAugust 1,2013.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^"Home".
- ^"Londrina (PR) | Cidades e Estados | IBGE".ibge.gov.br.Retrieved2024-07-03.
- ^LondrinaEncyclopædia Britannica, 8-22-2013
- ^"Climate: Londrina - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved2 September2013.
- ^"Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010"(in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia.Retrieved21 May2024.
- ^"NORMAIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS DO BRASIL 1961-1990"(in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia.Retrieved5 September2014.
- ^"Cidades Coirmãs".londrina.pr.gov.br(in Portuguese). Londrina.Retrieved2020-05-22.
External links
[edit]
Londrinatravel guide from Wikivoyage- Official website(in Portuguese)
- Official homepage(in English)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
