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Los Alamos, New Mexico

Coordinates:35°53′28″N106°15′50″W/ 35.89111°N 106.26389°W/35.89111; -106.26389
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For other places named Los Alamos, seeLos Alamos (disambiguation)andLos Alamos National Laboratory.

Los Alamos, New Mexico
Census-designated place
A westward aerial view of Los Alamos
A westward aerial view of Los Alamos
Nickname(s):
Atomic City;The Hill;
Site Y;Secret City(past)
Motto:
"Where discoveries are made"
Location of Los Alamos, New Mexico
Location of Los Alamos, New Mexico
Los Alamos, New Mexico is located in New Mexico
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Location in New Mexico
Los Alamos, New Mexico is located in the United States
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Location in the contiguous United States
Coordinates:35°53′28″N106°15′50″W/ 35.89111°N 106.26389°W/35.89111; -106.26389
CountryUnited States
StateNew Mexico
CountyLos Alamos
Area
[1]
• Total11.11 sq mi (28.77 km2)
• Land11.11 sq mi (28.77 km2)
• Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
[2]
7,300 ft (2,200 m)
Population
(2020)[3]
• Total13,179
• Density1,186.44/sq mi (458.09/km2)
Time zoneUTC−7(Mountain (MST))
• Summer (DST)UTC−6(MDT)
ZIP codes
87544, 87547
Area code505
FIPS code35-42320
GNISfeature ID2408132[2]

Los Alamos(Spanish:Los Álamos,meaningThe Cottonwoods) is acensus-designated placeinLos Alamos County,New Mexico,United States, that is recognized as one of the development and creation places of theatomic bomb—the primary objective of theManhattan ProjectbyLos Alamos National LaboratoryduringWorld War II.The town is located on fourmesasof thePajarito Plateau,and had a population of about 13,200 as of 2020.[4]It is thecounty seatand one of two population centers in the county known ascensus-designated places(CDPs); the other isWhite Rock.

Toponym

[edit]

Los Alamosis aSpanishplace name that typically refers to poplar orcottonwood trees.Alternatively,Los Alamoscould refer to the large groves ofquaking aspenthat intersperse the coniferous forest on the mountainsides above the townsite, where they are distinctly visible during the autumn months due to their spectacularautumn colors.[5][6][7]

History

[edit]
small guard shack with sign stating that passes must be presented to guards, a nineteen forties era car is parked there
The entrance to Los Alamos was guarded at the Main Gate during the Manhattan Project.
Los Alamos post office,built in 1948

The ruins of permanentPuebloansettlements, such as those located in nearbyBandelier National MonumentandTsankawi,and numerous other sites such ascliff dwellingsindicate that the area has been inhabited during various eras since around 1150 AD. The first settlers on the plateau are thought to beKeresspeaking Native Americans around the 10th century. Around 1300,Tewasettlers immigrated from the Four Corners Region and built large cities but were driven out within 50 years byNavajoandApacheraids and by drought.

In the late 19th century,homesteadersutilized the land for ranching. Most homesteaders built simple log cabins that they only lived in during warm weather to feed livestock. Many of the homesteaders later moved down to the warmerRio GrandeValley. In 1917, homesteader Harold H. Brook sold part of his land and buildings to Ashley Pond II, a businessman from Detroit who founded theLos Alamos Ranch School.The area was used to teach young men basic ranching and other outdoor survival skills.

In 1943, duringWorld War II,theUnited States Department of Warexercisedeminent domainover the Ranch School and all remaining homesteads in the area so that the relatively isolated location could be used for the secretiveManhattan Project,which ultimately developed the world's first nuclear weapons.[8]Facilities for research and development were quickly built and scientists and engineers from all over the world were assigned to the project; however, all information about the town and project was held secret from the public. Los Alamos was referred to under the code name "Site Y"by military personnel, and was known only as" The Hill "by many in nearby Santa Fe.

Los Alamos was originally built as aclosed cityaccessible from the outside world through only two gates.[9]The specific location of the project was a tightly guarded secret. All employees recruited to work at the Los Alamos site were given a memorandum instructing them to travel to Santa Fe and report to theU.S. Army Corps of Engineersoffice at 109 East Palace Avenue.[10]At that location,Dorothy McKibbinprovided newcomers with the necessary documentation to get through security checkpoints (initially, letters signed byJ. Robert Oppenheimerhimself, and later, security passes), along with specific directions to the Hill.[11]The project was further concealed by designating its mailing address asPO Box1663, Santa Fe, N.M.[12]All incoming truckloads were falsely labeled as common items in order to conceal the true nature of their contents, and any outbound correspondence by those working and living in Los Alamos was censored by military officials.

Not until after thebombing of Hiroshimawas information about theManhattan Projectreleased to the public; being announced by the White House at 11 am on 6 August. A set of press releases were given out over three days.[13]

In the years after World War II, the laboratory was formally established as a research government facility under the civilian control of theU.S. Atomic Energy Commission,and is now known asLos Alamos National Laboratory.In 1957, the AEC pulled back the security perimeter to the laboratory itself and opened up the town for visits by the general public. The first visitor to enter the town that year without a permit from the federal government was New Mexico GovernorEdwin L. Mechem.[14]The AEC was later succeeded by theU.S. Department of Energy.

Los Alamos became the shooting location and setting for the 2023 filmOppenheimer.

Geography

[edit]

Los Alamos is located in northern New Mexico between the Rio Grande and the eastern rim of theValles Calderaon the Pajarito Plateau, approximately 35 mi (56 km) to the northwest ofSanta Fe.The elevation at the post office is 7,320 feet (2,230 m) and total land area is 11.14 square miles (28.9 km2).

The Los Alamos Townsite and White Rock are located on flatmesa topsseparated by steep canyons, known aspotreros.This location was chosen for its relative inaccessibility to help protect the secret activities of the Manhattan Project.

The town of Los Alamos was built on four potreros—Barranca Mesa, North Mesa, Los Alamos Mesa and South Mesa—along with the connecting communities at the base of the mountain.Los Alamos National Laboratoryoccupies half of South Mesa, Two Mile Mesa, Frijoles Mesa, Mesita de Buey and several nearby areas in the region (in the valleys and at the base of the mountain). White Rock lies at the top of White Rock Canyon.

Much of Los Alamos County is within the Española Ranger District of theSanta Fe National Forest.

cliffs, mesas, pine-filled canyons, and distant mountains
View from the Anderson Overlook.

Climate

[edit]

Los Alamos has ahumid continental climate(Dfb)[15][16]with four distinct seasons. Summer days are moderately warm in the 70s°F (low 20s°C) and 70s°F (high 20s°C), but reach 90°F (32°C) on only 5 days per year on average.

Climate data for Los Alamos, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1918–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 65
(18) 		69
(21) 		74
(23) 		80
(27) 		93
(34) 		96
(36) 		98
(37) 		92
(33) 		94
(34) 		82
(28) 		72
(22) 		64
(18) 		98
(37)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 51.9
(11.1) 		56.5
(13.6) 		66.9
(19.4) 		73.6
(23.1) 		81.3
(27.4) 		89.7
(32.1) 		90.2
(32.3) 		86.7
(30.4) 		82.7
(28.2) 		74.9
(23.8) 		62.5
(16.9) 		53.5
(11.9) 		91.7
(33.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 40.3
(4.6) 		44.5
(6.9) 		53.4
(11.9) 		61.0
(16.1) 		70.2
(21.2) 		80.9
(27.2) 		82.5
(28.1) 		79.5
(26.4) 		74.0
(23.3) 		62.7
(17.1) 		50.1
(10.1) 		40.3
(4.6) 		61.6
(16.5)
Daily mean °F (°C) 30.4
(−0.9) 		34.1
(1.2) 		41.5
(5.3) 		48.2
(9.0) 		57.2
(14.0) 		67.2
(19.6) 		69.6
(20.9) 		67.3
(19.6) 		61.5
(16.4) 		50.6
(10.3) 		39.1
(3.9) 		30.5
(−0.8) 		49.8
(9.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 20.5
(−6.4) 		23.6
(−4.7) 		29.6
(−1.3) 		35.4
(1.9) 		44.2
(6.8) 		53.5
(11.9) 		56.7
(13.7) 		55.1
(12.8) 		49.1
(9.5) 		38.4
(3.6) 		28.2
(−2.1) 		20.6
(−6.3) 		37.9
(3.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 4.8
(−15.1) 		7.5
(−13.6) 		13.7
(−10.2) 		21.4
(−5.9) 		30.5
(−0.8) 		42.0
(5.6) 		49.8
(9.9) 		48.1
(8.9) 		36.6
(2.6) 		22.3
(−5.4) 		11.4
(−11.4) 		3.6
(−15.8) 		0.2
(−17.7)
Record low °F (°C) −18
(−28) 		−17
(−27) 		−3
(−19) 		5
(−15) 		22
(−6) 		28
(−2) 		37
(3) 		38
(3) 		23
(−5) 		6
(−14) 		−14
(−26) 		−13
(−25) 		−18
(−28)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 0.90
(23) 		0.72
(18) 		1.04
(26) 		0.93
(24) 		1.17
(30) 		1.17
(30) 		2.94
(75) 		3.20
(81) 		2.02
(51) 		1.58
(40) 		0.95
(24) 		0.87
(22) 		17.49
(444)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 9.9
(25) 		8.8
(22) 		5.9
(15) 		3.3
(8.4) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.7
(4.3) 		4.4
(11) 		8.0
(20) 		42.1
(107)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) 5.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 6.5 6.7 13.0 14.6 8.5 6.5 4.6 5.7 90.1
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) 3.8 4.3 2.8 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.0 4.1 19.3
Source: NOAA[17][18]

Wildlife and vegetation

[edit]

Los Alamos' geographical location causes its wildlife and vegetation to be diverse compared to surrounding areas in the state. "The variation in elevation creates precipitation and temperature gradients that support a wide diversity of plant communities..."[19]There are six differentplant communitieswithin the county; each is home to uniquefloraandfauna.[19] Ponderosa pine treesare the most common trees at the elevation of Los Alamos (7,000 and 8,000 feet (2,100 and 2,400 m)). Common shrubs in the area includesagebrush,Gambel oak,andwild rose.[19]

Black bears(brown-color variation),elk,mule deer,bobcats,gray foxes,skunksandchipmunksare examples of mammals living in the area.[20] "Over 200 species of birds have been reported" in thePajarito Ornithological Surveyconducted by LANL.[21] Among these arebroad-tailed hummingbirds,hairy woodpeckers,zone-tailed hawks,common ravens,western bluebirds,andgreat horned owls.[21]

Wildfires

[edit]

Wildfireshave affected the county, but the most destructive to the townsite was theCerro Grande Fireof May 2000, which caused an estimated $1 billion in damages and destroyed more than 400 homes. The CDP was evacuated for eight days. TheFederal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) built temporary housing on North Mesa for those who were displaced by the fire. Though there was no loss of life, other effects include damage to LANL facilities (nuclear materialwas not affected), flash-flooding, and erosion.

TheLas Conchas Fireof June 26, 2011[22]burned about three times as many acres and also prompted evacuation of Los Alamos, but there was no damage to property in Los Alamos.[23]It was the biggest wildfire New Mexico had endured until theCalf Canyon-Hermits Peakfire in 2022.[22][24]

aerial photo of burned trees and homes
Aftermath of the Cerro Grande Fire of 2000
Wildfire (year) Burned area Cause
Water Canyon Fire(1954) 3,000 acres (10 km2)[25] trash/construction debrisfire[25]
La Mesa Fire(1977) 15,400 acres (60 km2)[25] human-caused[25]
Dome Fire(1996) 16,500 acres (65 km2) abandoned campfire[26]
Oso Complex Fire(1998) 5,200 acres (20 km2) arson
Cerro Grande Fire(2000) 48,000 acres (195 km2)[27] controlled burn
Las Conchas Fire(2011) 156,800 acres (635 km2)[28] Power line[29]
Calf Canyon - Hermits Peak 341,735 acres (1,385 km2)[24] controlled burn[30]

Wildfires have altered plant communities in the area. Plant species are migrating to cover burn areas.

Environmental remediation

[edit]

Over two thousand sites in the area have been determined to have been impacted as a result of past activities at LANL. The location of these sites have been identified throughout the county, and are primarily (but not exclusively) on DOE property. Contaminated sites vary widely in significance. Corrective action and environmental restoration has been deemed necessary for certain areas; LANL takes part in this process.[31]Some residents have voiced concern about a lack of public participation and opportunity to comment on the cleanup schedule and funding.[32]

Demographics

[edit]

2020 census

[edit]

The2020 United States censuscounted 13,179 people, 5,653 households, and 3,522 families in Los Alamos.[33][34]The population density was 1,186.4 per square mile (458.1/km2). There were 6,026 housing units at an average density of 542.5 per square mile (209.5/km2).[34][35]The racial makeup was 73.15% (9,640)whiteorEuropean American(67.79%non-Hispanic white), 0.99% (131)blackorAfrican-American,0.74% (98)Native AmericanorAlaska Native,7.96% (1,049)Asian,0.09% (12)Pacific IslanderorNative Hawaiian,3.95% (520) fromother races,and 13.12% (1,729) fromtwo or more races.[36]HispanicorLatinoof any race was 17.35% (2,287) of the population.[37]

Of the 5,653 households, 30.6% had children under the age of 18; 50.4% were married couples living together; 22.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.4% of households consisted of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[34]The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.9.[38]The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 50.6% of the population.[39]

22.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males.[34]For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 97.6 males.[34]

The 2016-2020 5-yearAmerican Community Surveyestimates show that the median household income was $114,034 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,349) and the median family income was $139,184 (+/- $15,168).[40]Males had a median income of $83,875 (+/- $7,095) versus $57,000 (+/- $11,331) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $72,606 (+/- $8,291).[41]Approximately, 3.2% of families and 4.7% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 4.2% of those under the age of 18 and 3.6% of those ages 65 or over.[42][43]

2010 census

[edit]

As of the2010 United States census,there were 12,019 people with apopulation densityof 1,078.7 inhabitants per square mile (416.5/km2).[44]The median age is 40 years.[citation needed]24.8% of the people are under the age of 18, 4.8% are ages 18 to 24, 29.2% are ages 25 to 44, 28.2% are ages 45 to 64, and 12.9% are ages 65 years or older.[citation needed]For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males.[citation needed]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
197011,310—
198011,039−2.4%
199011,455+3.8%
200011,909+4.0%
201012,019+0.9%
202013,179+9.7%
Source: U.S. Decennial Census[45]

Race

[edit]
Racial composition 2010[44] 2020[46]
White 85.9% 73.2%
—Non-Hispanic 74.8% 67.8%
Hispanic or Latino(of any race) 14.3% 17.4%
Asian 7.2% 8%
American Indian and Alaska Native 0.8% 0.7%
Black or African American 0.6% 1%

Los Alamos is demographically unique compared to its surrounding counties and the state as a whole. Over 35% of the population of surrounding counties (Rio Arriba,Santa Fe,andSandoval) and the state of New Mexico are Hispanic or Latino, while only about 20% of Los Alamosans are Hispanic or Latino. The white and especially the Asian populations of Los Alamos are significantly higher than the rest of New Mexico.[44]

Culture

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]
J. Robert Oppenheimer, c. 1944

Manhattan Project

[edit]
  • Leona Woods,physicist and constructor of the first nuclear chain reaction leading to the development of the bomb.
  • Harold Agnew,physicist and third director of Los Alamos National Laboratory (1970-1979)
  • Luis Alvarez,nuclear physicist
  • Robert Bacher,nuclear physicist
  • Hans Bethe,German-American nuclear physicist, awarded 1967Nobel Prize in Physics
  • Norris Bradbury,physicist and second director of Los Alamos National Laboratory (1945-1970). He remained in Los Alamos for the rest of his life.
  • James Chadwick,British physicist and recipient of the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics fordiscovery of the neutron.
  • Charles Critchfield,mathematical physicist. Returned to Los Alamos in 1961 and remained there for the rest of his life.
  • Harry Daghlian,physicist, died fromradiation poisoningat Los Alamos in September 1945.
  • Enrico Fermi,Italian-American theoretical and experimental physicist, has been called "architect of the nuclear age."
  • Val Fitch,nuclear physicist and recipient of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • Richard Feynman,theoretical physicist, awarded 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and Julian Schwinger[47]
  • Klaus Fuchs,German theoretical physicist and lateratomic spywho supplied information to theSoviet Union.
  • George Kistiakowsky,chemist and designer of shaped implosive charges. He was also an avid skier who used implosive rings to fell trees for development of the Sawyer's Hill ski area near Los Alamos.
  • J. Carson Mark,Canadian mathematician, joined the Manhattan Project in 1945 and was involved with development ofthermonuclear weapons.He remained in Los Alamos for the rest of his life.
  • Joseph Laws McKibben,physicist and engineer; designer of theair muscle.Remained in Los Alamos for the rest of his life.
  • Edwin McMillan,physicist and recipient of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
  • J. Robert Oppenheimer,theoretical physicist and first director of the Los Alamos Laboratory.
  • Deak Parsons,Navy Captain (later Rear Admiral); Robert Oppenheimer's second in command.
  • Frederick Reines,theoretical physicist, awarded 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics
  • Bruno Rossi,Italian-American experimental physicist, who developed diagnostic instruments for development of the atomic bomb.
  • Emilio Segrè,Italian physicist and recipient of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • Louis Slotin,physicist and chemist; died from radiation poisoning at Los Alamos in May 1946.
  • Edward Teller,Hungarian-American theoretical physicist sometimes called "father of the hydrogen bomb."
  • James L. Tuck,British physicist specializing inshaped charges.Returned to Los Alamos in 1949, researchingthermonuclear fusionfor power generation, for which he developed thePerhapsatron.Retired from LANL in 1972 but remained in Los Alamos for the rest of his life.
  • Stanislaw Ulam,Polish-American mathematician. Remained a consultant with LANL for many years after the Manhattan Project, with a home in nearby Santa Fe for the rest of his life.
  • Robert R. Wilson,physicist and a developer of thecyclotron.

1945 onwards

[edit]

Sports and recreation

[edit]

The geography of Los Alamos lends itself to several sports and recreational activities. There is an extensive system of trails within the canyons and into the mountains above the town, catering to all skill levels of running, hiking andmountain biking.The Aquatic Center is an indoor, Olympic-length public swimming pool with a therapy pool and lazy river, and a public 18-hole golf course (par 72, 6500 yards) has existed since 1947.

Winter sports include skiing at the community-ownedPajarito Mountain Ski Areaon 10,440 ft. Pajarito Mountain[48]between November and April. The county maintains New Mexico's only refrigerated,NHLregulation, outdoorice skating rinkon the sun-shaded floor of Los Alamos Canyon, almost beneath the Omega Bridge.Snowshoeingandcross-country skiingare possible atValles Caldera National Preserveand other locations, weather permitting.

Los Alamos is host to several sporting events:

  • Tour de Los Alamos (road cycling race)
  • Run the Caldera Marathon
  • Pajarito Punishment (mountain-biking race)
  • Los Alamos Triathlon (Los Alamos Junior Triathlon)
  • Jemez Mountain Trail Run

On November 10, 2015, theNational Park Serviceand the U.S.Department of Energyannounced the establishment ofManhattan Project National Historical Parkin Los Alamos, along with units inHanford, WashingtonandOak Ridge, Tennessee.

[edit]

Film

[edit]
  • DirectorChristopher Nolanshot scenes fromOppenheimerin Los Alamos in March 2022,[49]filming at select locations including the historic Fuller Lodge, Oppenheimer's house, Civilian's Women's Dormitory[50]and United Church,[51]among others. The production sought approximately 450 local background talent[52]for the film, including real local scientists.[53]
  • Tiger Eyesis a 2012 film based on the 1981 young adult novel of the same name, written byJudy Blume.This was the first major motion picture adaptation from the work of author, whose books have sold more than 82 million copies in 41 countries.[54]Several outdoor scenes were shot in and around Los Alamos.
  • The Atomic Cityis a 1952 Americanfilm noirspythriller filmaboutH-bombsecrets, which was the firstfeature filmto be shot at Los Alamos, during the period that the community was still closed to the public at large. Scenes include the East Gate and its tower (some inside the building), and documentary footage of laboratory interiors, with workers’ faces redacted. Filming was also done at the nearbyPuye Cliff Dwellings.[55]

Education

[edit]

Los Alamos Public Schoolsprovides publicKindergartenthrough High School education (5 elementary schools, 1 middle school, and 1 high school:Los Alamos High School[56]). The graduation rate, as of March 6, 2021, is 93.3%, in comparison to New Mexico's 76.9% rate and America's average rate of 85%.[57]

TheUniversity of New Mexicoalso has a branch campus in Los Alamos.

Economy

[edit]

Los Alamos is the fifth-fastest-growing city in New Mexico, afterAlbuquerque,Rio Rancho,Las Cruces,andRuidoso.[citation needed]

Income and poverty

[edit]

The median household income in Los Alamos is $98,458, and per capita income is $54,067. Income is significantly higher than the rest of New Mexico.[44]Los Alamos has the highest millionaire concentration of any US city, with 12.4 percent of households having at least $1 million in assets.[58]This is a result of chemists, engineers, and physicists working at LANL since the Manhattan Project.[59]Only 6.6% of people are below the poverty line; one-third the rate of New Mexico.[44]As of January 2015, there were zero homeless individuals.[60]

Families and housing

[edit]

There are 5,249 households and an average household size of 2.23 people. There are 5,863 housing units, and the median value of owner-occupied housing units is $281,500. Median gross rent is $921.[44]

31.4% of households have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% aremarried couplesliving together, 6.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% are non-families. 29.8% of all households are made up of individuals, and 7.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older.[citation needed]

Principal employers

[edit]

Los Alamos National Laboratoryis the area's largest employer with approximately 10,500 employees, and is foundational to the economy of Los Alamos, with an annual budget of about $2.45 billion. Approximately 40% of the laboratory's employees live in Los Alamos, while the remainder commute from Santa Fe, Española, Taos, and Albuquerque. About 66% of the people who work in the national laboratories commute daily to the lab; some take the Atomic City Transit, Rail Runner Express, use the Park and Ride, or carpool with other employees.[61]

Other major employers in Los Alamos includeLos Alamos County,Los Alamos Public Schools,Los Alamos Medical Center,Smith's Food and Drug,Enterprise Bank & Trust, and Del Norte Credit Union.[62]

Transportation

[edit]

Los Alamos provides several transportation services:[63][64]

Roads

[edit]

Los Alamos is relatively isolated, and can only be accessed from NM 4 from the south and NM 502 from the east.

NM 502 sees significantly more traffic because it connects with US 84/285, which delivers access to several Pueblo communities between Española and Santa Fe. Approximately 10,000 commuters use NM 502 daily. NM 502 begins atPojoaque,and traversesSan Ildefonso Puebloand theRio Grande.

Interstate 25is the nearest major interstate highway, and passes through or nearSanta Fe,AlbuquerqueandDenver.

There are three access roads between White Rock and Los Alamos—Main Hill Road, Jemez Road and Pajarito Road. Since theattacks of September 11, 2001,Pajarito Road has been restricted to LANL badge holders for security reasons.

Transit systems

[edit]

Air

[edit]

Los Alamos County Airport,located on the eastern edge of Los Alamos, is the only airport in the county. The main source of activity is from small private aircraft, with intermittent commercial commuter service.

Albuquerque International Sunportis a 100-mile drive south of Los Alamos, and serves most national destinations.

Health care

[edit]

The 47-bed acute-care facility known asLos Alamos Medical Centeris the only hospital in Los Alamos and is aLifePoint Healthhospital. The hospital provides "complete medical, surgical, obstetrical, pediatric, emergency, and diagnostic services"[67]and employs about 300 Northern New Mexicans.[67]

Medical Associates of Northern New Mexico(MANNM) is a group of medical providers that offers family medicine, internal medicine, cardiology, nephrology, radiology, and endocrinology among its many services.[68]

During theCold War,workers at LANL were in contact with radiation and other toxins, causing many of these individuals illness. A non-profit organization calledCold War Patriotsprovides these individuals and their families with information about the healthcare benefits available to them.[69]

VLBA node

[edit]

Theradio telescopelocated in Los Alamos is one of ten dishes composing theVery Long Baseline Array(VLBA).

City and regional partnerships

[edit]

Sister city

[edit]

Los Alamos maintainssister citystatus with:

Coworking

[edit]

In June 2016 a collaboration was initiated between the County of Los Alamos, the Los Alamos Commerce & Development Corporation and the Los Alamos National Laboratory's Feynman Center for Innovation and Community Relations and Partnerships Office, to open a private, non-profit coworking space called ProjectY cowork Los Alamos,[70]which helped create educational programs and resources for entrepreneurs and remote workers.[71]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"ArcGIS REST Services Directory".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 12,2022.
  2. ^abU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Los Alamos, New Mexico
  3. ^"Census Population API".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 12,2022.
  4. ^"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Los Alamos County, New Mexico; New Mexico; Los Alamos CDP, New Mexico".census.gov.RetrievedJanuary 19,2024.
  5. ^Pearce, T.M., ed. (1965).New Mexico Place Names: A Geographical Dictionary.UNM Press.ISBN0-8263-0082-0.
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