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Ludwik Gross

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Ludwik Gross
Ludwik Gross
Born11 September 1904
Kraków,Poland
DiedJuly 19, 1999(1999-07-19)(aged 94)
New York City,United States
NationalityPolish, American
EducationUniversity of Cracow,Institut Pasteur,Sloan Kettering Memorial Cancer Center,Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Occupation(s)oncologist
virologist
Known formurine leukemia virus
polyomavirus

Ludwik Gross(September 11, 1904 – July 19, 1999) was aPolish-Americanvirologist who discovered two differenttumor viruses—murine leukemia virusand mousepolyomavirus—capable of causing cancers in laboratory mice.[1]

Biography

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Gross was born on September 11, 1904, inKraków,Poland to a prominent Jewish family. He studied for a degree in medicine at theJagiellonian University.He escaped fromoccupied Polandin 1940 soon after the 1939 Nazi invasion and travelled to the United States, ultimately serving in theUnited States Armed ForcesduringWorld War II.

After the war, he joined other scientists (notablyRosalyn Yalow,recipient of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology) in the "Golden Age" of research at theBronx Veterans Administration Medical Center,becoming director of the Cancer Research Division. One story claims that this appointment allowed him to move his research mice from the trunk of his car, where he had been carrying out studies, into a fully equipped laboratory.

Gross was also a medical journalist and frequent letter writer to The New York Times. In one letter, he opposed fluoridation of the water supply to prevent tooth decay, calling fluoride “an insidious poison, harmful, toxic and cumulative in its effect, even when ingested in minimal amounts.” He never changed his view.

He died atMontefiore Medical Centeron July 19, 1999, ofstomach cancerat age 94.[1]

Research work

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Gross was a major proponent of the possibility that some cancers could be caused by viruses, and began a long search for viral causes of murine leukemia. In the course of these studies, he isolated theGrossmurine leukemia virusstrain, as well as the firstpolyomavirus(so named for its proclivity to cause cancers in multiple tissue types). Gross murine leukemia virus is aretroviruswhose human counterpart isT cell lymphotropic virus I,while murine polyomavirus is closely related to the humanMerkel cell polyomavirusthat causes most forms ofMerkel cell carcinoma.Thus, Gross identified two critical animal viruses that serve as models for viruses causing cancer in humans. His encyclopedic textbookOncogenic Virusesis still considered a leading source book for early work in the discovery of cancer-causing viruses.

Gross died of stomach cancer, a major cancer caused by infection with theHelicobacter pylori,which he himself researched. A collection of his personal papers is held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.[2]

Scientific awards

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References

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  1. ^abAltman, Lawrence K. (22 July 1999)."Ludwik Gross, a Trailblazer in Cancer Research, Dies at 94".New York Times.Retrieved2022-07-31.Dr. Ludwik Gross, who influenced cancer research by showing that viruses could cause cancers in animals, died on Monday at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx. He was 94 and lived in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. The cause was stomach cancer, said his daughter, Dr. Augusta H. Gross.
  2. ^"Ludwik Gross Papers 1908-1999".National Library of Medicine.
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