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Lurgrotte

Coordinates:47°13′37″N15°22′46″E/ 47.22694°N 15.37944°E/47.22694; 15.37944
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Lurgrotte
Entrance to the Lurgrotte near Semriach
Map showing the location of Lurgrotte
Map showing the location of Lurgrotte
Location of Lurgrotte in Austria
LocationStyria, Austria
Coordinates47°13′37″N15°22′46″E/ 47.22694°N 15.37944°E/47.22694; 15.37944
Depth-273 m (896 ft)[1]
Length5,975 m (19,603 ft)[1]
Elevation640 m (2,100 ft)
Discovery1893
GeologyKarst
Entrances2
List of
entrances
  • Semriach
  • Peggau
AccessPublic at both entrances
Show cave opened1933
Show cave lengthApproximately 2 km (1.2 mi)
LightingElectrical
RegistryAustrian Cave no. 2836/1[1]
Map

TheLurgrottekarst caveis the largest cave in theEastern AlpsofStyria,Austria.It is located about 16 km (9.9 mi) north ofGrazand crosses the Tannenben karst region. The cave has two accessible entrances, one at the village ofSemriachand the other at the village ofPeggau.[2]At the Semriach entrance, theLur Riversinks into the cave. At the Peggau entrance, theSchmelz Riveremerges from within the cave, flowing to the west and eventually joining theMur River.[2][3]

History

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Archaeologists have found material in and around the cave that indicates habitation since thePaleolithicera. One specimen, areindeerbone with tool markings, has beenradiocarbon datedto approximately 52,000 years ago.[4]

The cave was first scientifically explored by theItaliancave explorerMax Brunelloon April 1, 1894. While the higher portions of the cave were known to locals, Brunello was the first to discover the lower portion of the cave.[5]The next attempt to explore further provoked disaster.

On April 29, 1894, seven cavers entered the Lurgrotte, despite heavy rainfall.[6]Aflash floodoccurred while they were inside, and they wound up trapped for ten days.[2]EmperorFranz Joseph Iapproved a rescue effort, employing large numbers of workers, miners, and divers who bailed out the water and successfully rescued the trapped cavers.[7][8]

In February 1905, members of theAustrian Tourist Clubsurveyed 1,002 m (3,287 ft) of passages within the Lurgrotte.[9]

In the 1920s, the cave explorerHermann Mayerworked with his father to develop the Peggauer section of the Lurgrotte for visitors. In addition, they tried to find a link between the Peggauer entry and Semriach entry.[10]On November 26, 1924, the route was cleared by explosives, but it was not until 1935 that the first crossing was possible.[11][12]

On May 23, 1926, the pioneering female cave explorerLeopoldine Fuhrichfell approximately 20 m (66 ft) to her death while exploring Lurgrotte.[13]There is a memorial plaque for her still inside the cave.[11]

On February 24, 1927, the city ofFrohnleitenhosted an auction for the grotto, including a restaurant, two mansions, and 35,359 m2(380,600 sq ft) of ground, in the interests of preserving the Lurgrotte as a domestic enterprise.[14]On July 8, 1927, the District Court of Frohnleiten held another auction of the Lurgrotte, which was eventually won by a wine-trader named Pezzi. Pezzi planned to turn the Lurgrotte into ashow caveand construct railway through the cave.[15]

The first complete crossing of about 5 km (3.1 mi) long cave succeeded in 1935. In the following years the Lurgrotte was developed into a show cave, withinfrastructuresuch as bridges, walkways, and lights added for visitors. From 1962 it was possible for visitors to wander through the entire cave, until 1975, when parts of the infrastructure were washed away in a powerful storm.[5]Because the flooding recurs on a yearly basis, the full infrastructure has never been repaired.[16]

Hydrology

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The Schmelz River flowing from the Peggau entrance to the Lurgrotte.

The Lurgrotte is a complex, three-level cave which forms a drainage system for the entire Tanneben karst area.[17][18]Because of its complexity, and the difficulty in exploring the cave's numerous underground channels, the cave's hydrology is poorly understood.[2]It is known that the Lur River enters at the Semriach entry, and the Schmelz River exits from the Peggau side. When rainfall is heavy, excess water from the Lur system can overflow into the Schmelz system, so it is confirmed that there is a high-water connection between the two, although its location and extent are still unknown.[2][19]

Attempts to trace the outflow using dye have shown that the water from the Lur emerges in springs south of the cave, while the flow of the Schmelz appears to originate from sources north of the Lurgrotte.[2]

Tourism

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Since the flooding of 1975, it is no longer possible to cross through the caves from one side to another. Visitors can instead tour through a shortened area at each end of the cave. From Peggau, regular guided tours enter 1 km (0.62 mi) into the cave, although in the winter longer tours of up to 4 km (2.5 mi) are available by appointment.[20]

From Semriach, tourists have access to approximately 2 km (1.2 mi) of the cave, including its largest gallery, called theBig Domeor theBear Grottodue to thecave bearbones that have been found within.[12]At 120 m (390 ft) long, 80 m (260 ft) wide, and a 40 m (130 ft) tall, it is one of Central Europe's largest underground rooms.[2][12]

References

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  1. ^abcVÖH, Verband Österreichischer Höhlenforscher -."Verband Österreichischer Höhlenforscher - Austrian Speleological Association".hoehle.org.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  2. ^abcdefgScheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980).Natural Wonders of the World.United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 219.ISBN978-0-89577-087-5.
  3. ^Wagner, Thomas; Mayaud, Cyril; Benischke, Ralf; Birk, Steffen (2013-12-01)."Ein besseres Verständnis des Lurbach-Karstsystems durch ein konzeptionelles Niederschlags-Abfluss-Modell".Grundwasser(in German).18(4): 225–235.Bibcode:2013Grund..18..225W.doi:10.1007/s00767-013-0234-4.ISSN1430-483X.
  4. ^Fladerer, Florian A.; Fuchs, Gerald."Mittelpaläolithischer Lagerplatz in der Lurgrotte-Peggau (Steiermark)".argis.at(in German).Retrieved2017-04-08.
  5. ^abHauptmann, Lurgrotte Peggau, M."Geschichte".lurgrotte(in German).Retrieved2017-04-08.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^Nationalbibliothek, Österreichische."ÖNB-ANNO - Allgemeine Sport-Zeitung".anno.onb.ac.at(in German). p. 484, middle.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  7. ^Nationalbibliothek, Österreichische."ANNO, Badener Bezirks-Blatt, 1894-05-09, Seite 5".anno.onb.ac.at(in German). p. 5, lower left.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  8. ^Nationalbibliothek, Österreichische."ANNO, Die Presse, 1894-05-05, Seite 14".anno.onb.ac.at(in German). p. 2, lower left.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  9. ^Nationalbibliothek, Österreichische."ÖNB-ANNO - Der Naturfreund".anno.onb.ac.at(in German). p. 31, upper right.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  10. ^Von Hubert Trimmel (Wien).Die "Lurgrotte" (Steiermark) als Schauhöhlenbetrieb(PDF).p. 127.
  11. ^ab"Tod und Höhle".lochstein.de.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  12. ^abc"Lurgrotte Semriach - Lurgrotte".lurgrotte.at.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  13. ^Antonius Lux (eds.): Great women of world history. Thousands of biographies in word and image. Sebastian Lux Verlag, Munich 1963, p. 176
  14. ^Nationalbibliothek, Österreichische."ANNO, Badener Zeitung, 1927-02-16, Seite 5".anno.onb.ac.at(in German). p. 5, center top.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  15. ^Nationalbibliothek, Österreichische."ANNO, Badener Zeitung, 1927-07-13, Seite 4".anno.onb.ac.at(in German). pp. 4–5, lower right to top left.Retrieved2017-04-08.
  16. ^"Reportage: In den versperrten Schluchten der Lurgrotte".kleinezeitung.at(in German).Retrieved2017-04-08.
  17. ^Winkler, Gerfried; Wagner, Thomas; Mayaud, Cyril; Benischke, Ralf (September 2014)."Hydrogeology of the Tanneben-Lurbach Karst System"(PDF).PANGEO Austria.2014.ISSN1608-8166.
  18. ^Wagner, Thomas; Fabel, Derek; Fiebig, Markus; Häuselmann, Philipp; Sahy, Diana; Xu, Sheng; Stüwe, Kurt (2010). "Young uplift in the non-glaciated parts of the Eastern Alps".Earth and Planetary Science Letters.295(1–2): 162.Bibcode:2010E&PSL.295..159W.doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.034.
  19. ^Hydrogeology of the Lurhollow System(PDF file)
  20. ^Hauptmann, Lurgrotte Peggau, M."Führungen von Dezember bis März".lurgrotte(in German). Archived fromthe originalon 2017-04-10.Retrieved2017-04-08.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Further reading

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  • Benischke, Ralf:Lurgrotte's commemorative publication 1894-1994 - on the occasion of the centenary of the cessation of cave explorers by floods and their salvation.National association for cave studies in Styria, Graz 1994. -OBV.
  • Pollack, Vincenz:Technical work at the Lurloch near Semriach in Styria.In:Journal of the Oesterreichische Ingenieur- und Architektenverein.(ZÖIAV). Volume 46.1894, Issue 20,ZDB-ID 2534647-7,p. 289 f. -Full text online (PDF, 12.8 MB).
  • Putick, Wilhelm:The Lurloch in the Streiflichte der Technik.In:Journal of the Oesterreichische Ingenieur- und Architektenverein.(ZÖIAV). Vol. 46.1894, vol. 36,ZDB-ID 2534647-7,p. 437-441, as well as panel XV. -Full text online (PDF, 9,2 MB).
  • The seven cave explorers in Lurloch and their salvation from the danger of death.Fritz, Vienna, 1894,OBV.
  • Setz, Wilhelm:The rescue work in the Lurlochhöhle near Semriach - along with a tarp.In the self-publishing house, Graz 1902,OBV.
  • Staindl, Rudolph:Revelations of the Lurloch affair (etc.).Bileg, Vienna, 1909,OBV.
  • Saar, Rudolf:The Lurhöhle - near Peggau in Styria (formerly Schmelzgrotte).Austrian cave guide, volume 3, ZDB-ID 677015-0 (old). Austrian State Printing Company, Vienna 1922,OBV
  • Zweyer, Karl:Lurloche buried alive for nine days. Experiences of a cave explorer. With a preliminary report on the work undertaken to rescue the cave explorer included in the Lurloche near Semriach.Hans Wagner, Graz, 1894. -OBV
  • Kusch, Heinrich and Ingrid:Caves of Styria - fantastic worlds.Steirian publishing company, Graz 1998,ISBN3-85489-007-9.
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