Lutetian
| Lutetian | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronology | |||||||||||||
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| Formerly part of | TertiaryPeriod/System | ||||||||||||
| Etymology | |||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | FADof the calcareous nannofossilBlackites inflatus | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Gorrondatxe section,Western Pyrenees,Basque Country,Spain 43°22′47″N3°00′51″W/ 43.3796°N 3.0143°W | ||||||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | April 2011[3] | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | Not formally defined | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition candidates | Calcareous nannofossil nearLADof theHaptophyteReticulofenestra reticulata | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP candidate section(s) | Contessa highway section,Gubbio,Central Apennines,Italy | ||||||||||||
TheLutetianis, in thegeologic timescale,astageoragein theEocene.[4]It spans the time between47.8and41.2Ma.The Lutetian is preceded by theYpresianand is followed by the Bartonian.[5]Together with theBartonianit is sometimes referred to as the Middle Eocene Subepoch.
Stratigraphic definition
[edit]The Lutetian was named afterLutetia,theLatinname for the city ofParis.The Lutetian Stage was introduced in scientific literature by French geologistAlbert de Lapparentin 1883[6]and revised by A. Blondeau in 1981.[7]
The base of the Lutetian Stage is at the first appearance of the nanofossilBlackites inflatus,according to an official reference profile (GSSP) established in 2011.[8]Of two candidates located inSpain,the Gorrondatxe section was chosen.[9]
The top of the Lutetian (the base of the Bartonian) is at the first appearance ofcalcareous nanoplanktonspeciesReticulofenestra reticulata.
The Lutetian overlaps with theGeiseltalianand lower RobiacianEuropean Land Mammal Mega Zones(The Lutetian Stage spans theMammal Paleogene zones11 through 15.[10]), the upperBridgerianandUintanNorth American Land Mammal Ages,the upperArshantanandIrdinmanhanAsian Land Mammal Ages,and theMustersanand lowerDivisaderanSouth American Land Mammal Ages.It is also coeval with the middle Johannian regional stage ofAustraliaand the upper Ulatisian and lower Nanzian regional stages ofCalifornia.
References
[edit]- ^Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene".Global and Planetary Change.47(1): 51–66.Bibcode:2005GPC....47...51Z.doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001.
- ^"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"(PDF).International Commission on Stratigraphy.
- ^Molina, Eustoquio; Alegret, Laia; Apellaniz, Estibaliz; Bernaola, Gilen; Caballero, Fernando; Jaume Dinarès-Turell; Hardenbol, Jan; Claus Heilmann-Clausen; Juan C. Larrasoana; Hanspeter Luterbacher; Simonetta Monechi; Silvia Ortiz; Xabier Orue-Etxebarria; Aitor Payros; Victoriano Pujalte; Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tobar; Flavia Tori; Josep Tosquella; Alfred Uchman (2011)."The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Lutetian Stage at the Gorrondatxe section, Spain"(PDF).Episodes.34(2): 86–108.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i2/006.
- ^Established by D.G. Jenkins and H. Luterbacher, "Paleogene stages and their boundaries (introductory remarks)" inNeues Jarhbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie1992.
- ^Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G. (2004):A Geologic Time Scale 2004,Cambridge University Press.
- ^de Lapparent, A.A.C. (1883):Traité de Géologie,Paris.
- ^Blondeau (1981): "Lutetian" inBulletin d'information des géologues du Bassin de Paris,2,pp. 167–180.
- ^"The Lutetian GSSP at meter 167.85 of the Gorrondatxe section in a dark marly level where the nanofossilBlackites inflatusfirst appears "(working group website).
- ^See thewebsite of Eustoquio Molinafor these candidates.
- ^Alroy, John."Mammal Paleogene zones".p. The Paleobiology Database.Retrieved15 July2009.
External links
[edit]
- GeoWhen Database - Lutetian
- Paleogene timescale,at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
- Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene,at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
