M4 Tractor
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M4 Tractor, High Speed, 18 tons | |
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Type | Artillery tractor |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 1943–1960 |
Used by | US Army Belgian Army JGSDF |
Wars | World War II |
Production history | |
Designed | 1942 |
Manufacturer | Allis-Chalmers |
Produced | March 1943-August 1945 |
No.built | 5,811 |
Variants | 90 mm antiaircraft gun tractor 155 mm gun or 8-inch howitzer tractor |
Specifications | |
Mass | 31,400lb(14.2t) |
Length | 210 in (5.33 m) |
Width | 97 in (2.46 m) |
Height | 99 in (2.51 m) |
Crew | 1 + 11 |
Main armament | M2 Browning machine gun |
Engine | Waukesha145GZ OHV I6gasoline engine 210 hp (157 kW) |
Power/weight | 14.70 hp/t |
Suspension | Horizontal volute spring |
Operational range | 100 mi (160 km) |
Maximum speed | 35 mph (56 km/h) |
TheM4 High-Speed TractorforWorld War IIwas anartillery tractorused by theUS Armyfrom 1943.[1]
Design and development[edit]
The M4 High Speed Tractor used M5 Stuart tracks, roadwheels and drive sprocket. However, the suspension was of theHVSStype, first introduced on a Light Tank T6 project in 1938.
One variant was designed to tow the90 mm anti-aircraft gun,and another was for the155 mm gunor8-inch howitzer.[1]The rear compartment carried the gun crew and other equipment and some later variants included a crane to assist with heavier projectiles.[1]Two types of ammunition boxes were used on all models: a90 mmbox with side "tailgates" to access 90 mm shells pigeon-holed in the sides, and a combination box for155 mmor8-inchammunition.
History[edit]
The M4 was built by tractors manufacturerAllis-Chalmersof West Allis, Wisconsin, starting in 1943 and was in U.S. military service until approximately 1960.[1]After WWII, under the USMutual Defense Assistance Program,M4s was supplied to Greece, the Netherlands, Japan, Brazil, Yugoslavia and Pakistan and several other states friendly to the USA.[1]In theIndo-Pakistani War of 1965the Pakistani Army used M4 Tractors to haul their M115 Howitzers to the battlefield of Chamb and then to the front at Lahore during the fighting with Indian troops.[citation needed]
Variants[edit]
- M4: base model. 2,464 were configured to tow the 90 mm antiaircraft gun, while 3,088 were configured to tow the 155 mm gun or 6-inch howitzer
- M4C: The "C" designation indicates spare ammunition racks configured in the crew compartment.
- M4A1: The "A1" modification designates the wider suspension used for the "duck bill" tracks mirroring the E9 modification on Sherman tanks. 259 were built in 1945, and were used post-war as a prime mover for the M23 ammunition trailer inM40 Gun Motor Carriagesections.
Civilian use[edit]
After the war many types of these tractors were stripped of their military components and used for log skidders and power line construction. Many were used as carriers for rock drills, used in logging road construction inBritish Columbia.The first prototype was designed in the early 1960s by G.M. Philpott Ltd. of Vancouver, BC, and Scott-Douglas Industries, who supplied the M4 Carrier. It was used by MacMillan, Bloedel, and Powell River Company at their Juskatla, BC logging operation. Many improvements were made and when Finning Tractor later bought G.M. Philpott, the machine became the Finning Tank Drill. At least 500 were built, many of which are still in service. The original Finning Tank Drill was replaced by the M32F and M40F Tank Drills, which used larger Sherman tank carriers.[citation needed] AtAmsterdam Airport Schipholin theNetherlands,at least two refurbished M4s were used by the airport fire brigade in the 1960s and '70s. During the mid-80s and into the early 90s, many M-4s were converted into exhibition vehicles used for car crushing and dubbed "Monster Tanks", William Townes "Virginia Beach Beast" Chevorlet K-5 Blazer being among the first.[2]
Surviving vehicles[edit]
- Robert Gill Collectionmilitarymuseum.at,Vienna,Austria
- Armed Forces Military Museum,Largo, Florida.[citation needed]2 pieces in the Robert Gill Collection militarymuseum.at,ViennaAustria
- Fort Sill Museum,Oklahoma.[citation needed]
- Gunfire Museum,Brasschaat,Belgium.[citation needed]
- National Military Museum inSoesterberg,The Netherlands.[citation needed]
- Batey ha-Osef Museum,Tel Aviv, Israel.[citation needed]
- Heartland Museum of Military VehiclesinLe xing ton, Nebraska.[citation needed]
- Marshall MuseuminLe xing ton, Virginia.[citation needed]
- private collection inColorado.[citation needed]
- private collection inGettysburg, Pennsylvania.[citation needed]
- private collection inGrand Prairie, Texas.[citation needed]
- private collection inLeicestershire,UK.[citation needed]
- Royal Dutch Army historical collectionMaaldrift,The Netherlands.[citation needed]
- private collection inMolsheim,France.[citation needed]
- private collection inO'Neill, Nebraska.[citation needed]
- private collection inOrlando, Florida.[citation needed]
- private collection inTroyes, France.[citation needed]
- private collection inThe National Military Vehicle Museum, South Australia
- private collection in Sydney Australia as of April 2022
See also[edit]
- List of U.S. military vehicles by supply catalog designation(G150)
- List of U.S. military vehicles by model number
- M5 Tractor
- M6 Tractor
- Raupenschlepper, Ost
References[edit]
- Notes
- Bibliography
- "US Army M-4 High Speed Tractor".olive-drab.Retrieved2007-08-27.
- "TM-9-2800-1947 Military Vehicles".US Dept. of the Army. 27 October 1947.Retrieved28 Oct2014.
- TM 9-785 18-Ton High Speed Tractors M4, M4A1, M4C, M4A1C
- SNL G150
- theField Artillery Journal, September 1945references the M4A1 as an ammunition hauler for M40 Gun sections.
- Doyle, David (2003).Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles.Kraus Publications. pp. 402–403.ISBN0-87349-508-X.