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Jackson Hinkle
Hinkle in 2023
BornSeptember 1999 (age 24)
San Clemente, California,US
EducationSan Clemente High School
Saddleback College
Occupations
  • Social media influencer
  • political commentator
Years active2016–present
Organizations
  • Team Zissou Environmental Organization[1]
  • Institute for a Free America[2]
Known for
TelevisionThe Dive with Jackson Hinkle
Political party
Movement

Jackson Hinkle(born September 1999) is an American political commentator and influencer[6]who hosts theweb televisionshowThe Dive with Jackson HinkleonRumble.He is known for his support ofVladimir Putinin theRusso-Ukrainian War,[7][8][9][10]and for hisopposition to Israelin theGaza–Israel conflict.[7][8][11][12]Dubbing himself an "American ConservativeMarxist–Leninist",[13]commentators and journalists have variably described Hinkle asfar-right,[12][14]right-wing,[9][15]andconservative.[16][17]Promoting asyncreticmix of conservative andcommunistideas, he is a self-described proponent of "MAGA communism", calling on those who support theworking classto ally with theMAGA movementagainst an allegedglobalistthreat.[18][19]Initially anenvironmentalistduring his high school years,[20]Hinkle has turned to promotingpro-fossil fuelsstances in recent years.[13]

Journalists and fact checkers likeBellingcathave said that Hinkle has spreadmisinformation,disinformation,[7][17][12][21]andconspiracy theories.[14][8][22]He has been banned from a number ofsocial medianetworks on grounds of disinformation.[14]His show was banned fromTwitchfor violating misinformation policies and propagatingdisinformation about the war in Ukraine,motivating his move to Rumble.[12][13]Since the start of the2023 Israel–Hamas war,his posts onXattracted virality,[12]with some described asdisinformation in the war.[23][12][7]His posts and commentary have been frequently cited by Russian and Iranian state media,[10][22][24][25]and he has appeared onTucker Carlson Tonight,One America News Network,[18]andRT.[12]

Early life and education

Hinkle was born in 1999 inSan Clemente, California,[26][27]where he also attended public schools, graduating from theSan Clemente High Schoolin 2018.[28][29]He was an active member of his middle school's surf club, which made him familiar with the impact of plastic pollution and became the catalyst for his entry into activism. He became active in anti-plastic pollution movements at the age of 17,[20][30][28][1]founding the Team Zissou Environmental Organization (named after the protagonist ofThe Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou), which engaged in environmental lobbying and organized volunteer beach cleanups inOrange County.[1][31][verify]

In 2017, Hinkle became Water Ambassador for The Water Effect atThe Ecology Center,[32]and was named one of "The 17 Most Inspirational Kids of 2017" byReader's Digest,[33]with him also being covered inTeen Vogueas one of eight young environmentalists "working to save the earth" that same year.[13]In 2018, Hinkle went toWashington, D.C.with representatives of nuclear safety advocacy group San Clemente Green. He spoke at a congressional briefing on the subject of safely dealing with decommissioned nuclear plants, and met with congressional members,[1][34]an event covered by theLos Angeles Times,where Gary Headrick, the San Clemente Green founder, told the paper about Hinkle: "He's the kind of guy who gives you hope about the future. It's hard to find young people who take these things seriously, but Jackson is fearless and well-informed."[13]That same year, Hinkle attendedSaddleback CollegeinMission Viejo,California, to pursue political science.[35][36][4]

Political and activist career

Hinkle began his political activism in the late 2010s, running in a San Clemente city council special election in 2019 a year after graduating from high school.[37][38]During this campaign, which was endorsed by theDemocratic Socialists of America,[39]he advocated that the city of San Clemente have its own police department, he "categorically and unconditionally" opposed thelegalization of prostitution,and proposed combating the presence and effect ofnuclear wastein the area.[38]Hinkle ultimately lost the election, winning less than a third of the vote.[40]In 2020, Hinkle launched the political showThe Dive with Jackson HinkleonYouTube,which reached 300,000 subscribers by 2023,[41]and onTwitchas JacksonHinkleTV,[42]later expanding toRumble,when he was banned for "harmful misinformation" related to the war in Ukraine.[12][7]

In October 2022, Hinkle and fellow Twitch streamer Haz Al-Din went toTwitchcon,where they filmed themselves "harassing seemingly random attendees" and mocked topics likeCOVID-19 face masking,support for Ukraine, and calls foronline content moderation.[18]A few days later, the two were joined by "Dark MAGA"streamer Jon Zherka in their attempts to engage withUCLAstudents on campus.[18]

In June 2023, Hinkle spoke at the Rage Against the War Machine rally in Washington, D.C., which included the involvement of theLibertarian Party,thePeople's Party,and the far-right conspiratorialLaRouche movement,among others, amplifyingRussian disinformation narrativesand demanding an end to Western support for Ukraine and to NATO's existence. Hinkle expressed support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[16][43][better source needed][44]

In February 2024,[45]Hinkle appeared onNewsNationanchorChris Cuomo's podcast, being described as at the forefront of "political thought in the country" for the next-generation, and according toMedialite,advocated for "cessation of allAmerican aid to Israel".Cuomo defended his interview with Hinkle saying" It is clearly untrue that I have ever, or would ever, give any deference to any kind ofanti-semitism."[46]

In March 2024, Hinkle began posting onWeibofollowing a collaboration withGuanchaandFudan University's China Institute.[19]

In July 2024, Hinkle participated in a Russian sponsored press briefing at theUnited Nations(UN), during which he talked about theRussian-occupied territories of Ukrainehe visited.[47]

Conspiracy theories and misinformation

Hinkle has a history of publishing misinformation,[7][17]disinformation,[12][21]and conspiracy theories,[14][22][48][8]and his show has also been a source of controversy.[49][50][51]In April 2022, the Tech Transparency Project stated that the show was peddling "Putinpropaganda "in violation of the site rules ofTwitch,where the show was hosted on.[42]The show violated the three new policies outlined by Twitch, namely "(1) persistently sharing (2) widely disproven and broadly shared (3) harmful misinformation topics, such as conspiracies that promote violence."[42]The show was eventually taken off Twitch andYouTubeformisinformation about the war in Ukraine.[12][13]Hinkle also has a history of posting pro-Russian and far-right commentary.[51]

Since beingdeplatformed,Hinkle has attracted attention for his tweets regarding theIsrael–Hamas war,gaining 1.4 million followers on X (formerlyTwitter) by October 2023,[24]and has been labeled byThe Jewish Chronicleas one of the "most viral misinformation spreaders" in regards to the conflict.[13]Grouped as part of an onlinereactionaryand paidclout-chasers for leveraging pro-Palestine views, he once proclaimed: "I do everything for the clout, you will never see me do something not for the clout."[22]

Hinkle's tweeting style has come into question, with much of it being criticized as misinformation as well as misleading. His posts have been cited and referenced repeatedly by Russian and Iranian state-affiliated media.[10][22][52]For example, the Russian news outletLenta.ruused a headline quoting Hinkle's suggestion that the2023 Ukrainian counteroffensivebe labeled as a suicide mission.[53]In the wake of the Israel–Hamas conflict, Hinkle was deplatformed from YouTube,[10]calling himself the "most censored man on YouTube",[9]as well as the "most viral worldwide".[22]With posts reaching over 20 million views as of November 2023,[11]Hinkle reached 2 million followers on X,[12][54]where he offers a premium subscription to those wanting to help him "DEFEAT THE ZIONIST LIES".[13]In August 2023, Bloomberg reported that Hinkle had requested antisemiticAI-generated images of "satanic George Soros" using a tool calledMidjourney,[7]which a study found to be easy to generate racist and conspiratorial images.[55]A Bloomberg article in November 2023 about misinformation on X said Hinkle was "known for spreading antisemitic hate speech in the past".[7]

A graphic image from theOctober 2023 Hamas attack on Israelwas shared on X by Israel's prime ministerBenjamin Netanyahu,as well as the conservative commentatorBen Shapiro.Hinkle subsequently claimed that the image was fake due to an inaccurateAI detectorclassification; however, the image was not determined to be fake by other AI detectors according toDWfact-checkers.[11]Hinkle also falsely claimed on X thatHaaretzhad reported that the Israeli government inflated the death toll for the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.[54][nb 1]Haaretzquoted the post in a tweet and said that Hinkle's post "contain[ed] blatant lies" and was not substantiated by their reporting on the attack.[56][57]

In October 2023, Hinkle shared a fake news release stating that the United States was sending billions of dollars in aid to Israel.[6]He also published fake news on the arrival of theUnited States Marinesin Israel, using an image from July 2022 in Romania that was unrelated to Israel.[58]Hinkle followed up by falsely claiming that Iran had declared war on Israel and that Yemen had announced they were at war with Israel.[12][59][60]Before deleting his post, Hinkle also claimed that video footage showed Israel bombing hospitals; however, the footage instead showed an infirmary inAleppodated to 2016.[14][61]He has also mislead his audience after posting an old video from 2018 of a three-year old being detained by border police inHebron,in the southernWest Bank,receiving over one million views.[51]On November 12, 2023, Hinkle posted on X a photo of a woman near a demolished building, with the caption: "You CANNOT BREAK the Palestinian spirit."[17]Fact checking discovered that the captioned photo, which showed a woman stepping down the stairs of a demolished building, was not from Palestine but from Syria, and had been submitted in 2020 for theSiena International Photo Awards.[17][14]

In December 2023, Hinkle called for a boycott of the video gameGrand Theft Auto VI,linking the game to Zionism.Vicedisputed the game's links to Zionism and described them as a conspiracy theory.[15]

In July 2024, Hinkle was noted as one of the main social media influencers sharing a fake story aboutOlena Zelenska,theFirst Lady of Ukraine,purchasing an expensiveBugatti.[62]

Views

Hinkle has been variously described asfar-right,[12][14]right-wing,[9][15]aconservative,[16][17]"avowedlyprogressive",[5]and an "extremeleft-wingideologue ";[4]primarily as asocial media influencer,[17][23][12]andpolitical commentator,[16][9][60]as well as anInternet troll,[15]andYouTuber.Hinkle describes himself as an "American ConservativeMarxist–Leninist ",[13]as aStalinistandMaoist,[4]and as a "MAGACommunist ".[44][63]Hinkle has also been described as apro-Russiaoperative,[9][64]and grouped as part of the anti-Israel far-right.[24]Emanuele Ottolenghi and Marina Rosenberg, respectively the Senior Fellow at theFoundation for Defense of Democraciesand Senior Vice President for International Affairs at theAnti-Defamation League,wrote that Hinkle is a "knownconspiracy theorist,and a staunch admirer of Russia'sVladimir Putinand Syria'sBashar al-Assad;he has deniedChina's repression of its Uyghur minorityas well asthe Syrian regime's use of chemical weapons against its own people."[10]Hinkle has referred to al-Assad as a hero[14]and has professed admiration forJoseph Stalin.[65]Russian-American journalistCathy Youngdescribed Hinkle as a "ragebait-monetizing 'MAGA communist' troll".[63]

Hinkle has been described as vocally pro-Russia and anti-Ukraine. He tweeted that Ukrainian presidentVolodymyr Zelenskyyis "responsible for every death in the Ukraine war" and shared posts on Instagram that praised Putin.[9][66]According toEuromaidan Press,Hinkle claimed that Zelenskyy is a dictator who was building a "fascist, dystopian state" in Ukraine,[67]and newspaperTürkiyewrote that he believed the president would suffer the same fate asOsama bin Laden.[68]He has urged theRepublican Party(GOP) to rejectZionism,and called for MAGA-aligned GOP RepresentativeJim Jordanto focus on American domestic issues rather than backing additional military aid to Israel.[69]The2023 Israel–Hamas waralso showed a division within the MAGA movement, with Hinkle criticizing the likes of conservative punditBen Shapiroandwhite nationalistactivistLaura Loomerfor supporting Israel.[70][69]In April 2023, Hinkle dubbed the firing of fellow conservative-populist punditTucker Carlsonas the "end of an era".[71]

MAGA communism

In late 2022, Hinkle began advocating for the idea of "MAGA communism",leading it to trend on Twitter.Vicedescribed it as a "swirl of social conservatism, patriotism and subversive energy", and described Hinkle as coming from "the far-right entertainment playbook by agitating on livestreams".[18]Hinkle and other supporters of the idea argued that those who care about the working class should ally with the MAGA movement, which they considered to be the largestanti-establishmentpopulist movement in the United States, to incite apopulistrevolution. MAGA communists criticized liberalidentity politics,denouncedAmerican imperialism,and dismissedclimate changeefforts as "virtue-signaling" and "green fascism". Interviewed byOne America News Networkhost Addison Smith in September 2022, Hinkle echoedconspiracy theories about George Soros,saying: "Communism and Marxism historically have been conservative. It's a new era in the West that made it adhere to liberal-leftist values. This is not true Marxism. It's Marxism funded by George Soros. They don't want communists,left-wing populists,right-wing populists,uniting on common issues to fight thedeep state."[18]Hinkle was questioned on whether he actually supportedcommunism;he said that the United States can learn from the Soviet Union and Communist China, thatMarxism–Leninismhas historically been conservative, and that what he described as communism's "liberal-leftist values" are a perversion "funded by George Soros".[18]

Observers and left-wing critics described "MAGA communism" as analt-rightspin to combine aspects of whatVicecharacterized as "authoritarian MAGA" with "tankiecommunism ", eschewing leftist values, and co-optingsocialism,referencing a far-right strategy described inBlackshirts and Redsby political scientistMichael Parenti.[18][72]"MAGA communism" has been described as lacking ideological consistency and focusing its appeal to people disillusioned withmodern American liberalism.[18]Ana Kaspariancommented: "We should be careful, because when you think of Nazis and fascists and how they brought people over to their sides. They co-opted socialist rhetoric to bring people in, and then their 'populist' movement was what? Extermination."[18]Sam Seder,who had a debate with Hinkle, said of an interview Hinkle gave about "MAGA communism": "This is such a word salad that I can't follow what the hell he's talking about."[18]

Daniel HoSang, a professor atYale Universityand an expert on modern American right-wing movements, toldMotherboardthat "it doesn't necessarily mean communism in the literal sense of, say, demandingcollective ownership.I think it's meant to be a kind of cultural invocation—a defense from that which the elites want you to believe. It suggests something about how people's political moorings are unsettled, and the search to find new bearings. "[18]Brian Hughes, the associate director of the Polarization and Extremism Research and Innovation Lab (PERIL) atAmerican University,said: "Various figures are trying to take advantage of the moment. Skull-mask [neo-fascist][73]networks, andaccelerationistnetworks more broadly, have been juicing MAGA Communism because they like to inhabit odd, esoteric subcultures. They're smaller, and easier to exploit. It helps that MAGA Communism has little ideological consistency, and can vibe with people who want to be edgy, on the political fringe. "[18]Hinkle's movement has also been placed within the context of an American conservatism that, in the words ofDemocratic PartystrategistDavid Shor,was getting "really very weird", withThe New Republicdescribing it as a movement that "combinedAmerican nationalismwith praise for another authoritarian leader despised by most Americans, China'sXi Jinping."[74][75]

Personal life

Hinkle is aChristian.[76]On February 4, 2021, Hinkle announced on Twitter that he had joined thePeople's Party.[3]Hinkle has stated that he has previously been expelled from theCommunist Party USA,though his membership in the party has been disputed by party officials.[4]He was engaged toMiss Russia2022Anna Linnikovaand they lived together inMiami,[77]but the couple reportedly separated in December 2023.[78]

Electoral history

2019 San Clemente City Council special election[79]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Gene James 8,253 54.92
Nonpartisan Jackson Hinkle 4,683 31.17
Nonpartisan Dee Coleman 785 5.22
Nonpartisan Christina Selter 667 4.44
Nonpartisan Michael (Mickey) McLane 638 4.25
Total votes 15,026 100.0

Notes

  1. ^Hinkle tweeted that the Israeli news outletHaaretzhad reported: "Number of peopleHamasshot less than 100, most weresettlerswith guns on them. "[56]Haaretzresponded: "This post contains blatant lies about the atrocities committed by Hamas on October 7. It has absolutely no basis inHaaretz's reporting, then or since. "[56]

References

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  2. ^Jackson Hinkle [@jacksonhinklle] (May 24, 2024)."🚨🇺🇸 I'm proud to announce that our new think tank, Institute for a Free America, is hosting our first live show today in Dearborn, Michigan. Follow our NEW X ACCOUNT"(Tweet).RetrievedJune 8,2024– viaTwitter.
  3. ^abJackson Hinkle [@jacksonhinklle] (February 4, 2021)."Hi! 🤗 @PeoplesParty_US"(Tweet).RetrievedApril 10,2024– viaTwitter.
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  45. ^Cuomo, Chris(February 27, 2024).Jackson Hinkle's MAGA Communist Manifesto.YouTube.Featuring Jackson Hinkle. The Chris Cuomo Project.RetrievedMarch 7,2024.
  46. ^Schorr, Isaac (March 4, 2024)."Chris Cuomo Interviews Anti-Israel Conspiracy Theorist, Calls Him 'At the Head of the Next Generation' of 'Political Thought'".Mediaite.RetrievedMarch 7,2024.
  47. ^"Press Briefing: Dan Kovalik, Jackson Hinkle and Christopher Helali following their recent visit to Donbass and Moscow".UN Web TV.July 3, 2024.RetrievedJuly 4,2024.
  48. ^Thalen, Mikael (July 26, 2021)."Bizarre conspiracy claims AOC secretly owns famous bar".The Daily Dot.RetrievedMarch 13,2024.
  49. ^Cohen, Sagi (November 7, 2023)."Conspiracy Theories and Lies | Denial of Hamas' October 7 Massacre Is Gaining Pace Online".Haaretz.Archivedfrom the original on December 1, 2023.RetrievedNovember 17,2023.
  50. ^Atienza, Elias (August 18, 2023)."Fact Check: Image Claims To Show Niger Militant Promising To Go To Ukraine".Check Your Fact.Archivedfrom the original on November 2, 2023.RetrievedNovember 21,2023.
  51. ^abcKulundu, Mary (October 31, 2023)."Old video of Israeli forces arresting Palestinian child resurfaces during latest Gaza war".AFP Fact Check.Archivedfrom the original on November 21, 2023.RetrievedNovember 21,2023.
  52. ^"Capitalising on crisis: Russia, China and Iran use X to exploit Israel-Hamas information chaos".Institute for Strategic Dialogue. October 25, 2023.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.As state-affiliated media platform IraninArabic reports on American political activist Jackson Hinkle's post: 'If Putin did this to Kyiv, NATO would launch nukes at Moscow.' Image 7: @Iraninarabic_ir references Jackson Hinkle's statement accusing the West of double standards between Ukraine and Gaza.
  53. ^Gorbachev, Gorbachev (November 22, 2023)."Russian Propaganda Presents Fringe Views in US as Mainstream".Voice of America.Archivedfrom the original on November 23, 2023.RetrievedDecember 3,2023.
  54. ^abRosenberg, Yair (November 8, 2023)."When Anti-Zionism Is Anti-Semitic".The Atlantic.ISSN2151-9463.Archivedfrom the original on November 17, 2023.RetrievedNovember 17,2023.
  55. ^Alba, Davey (August 11, 2023)."Midjourney Is Easily Tricked Into Making AI Misinformation, Study Finds".Bloomberg.ISSN1063-2123.Archivedfrom the original on November 21, 2023.RetrievedNovember 21,2023.
  56. ^abcNovak, Matt (October 29, 2023)."Elon Musk Says X Users Spreading Lies Won't Get Paid For Those Tweets".Forbes.ISSN2609-1445.Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2023.RetrievedNovember 16,2023.
  57. ^Czopek, Madison (November 1, 2023)."Haaretz rebuts a viral claim about its reporting on Israeli casualties".Poynter Institute.Archivedfrom the original on November 13, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
  58. ^Nitzan, Pinko (November 21, 2023)."Mshkr, mzf vmvsf mvg'y: hvv shl yshrl vrsht"משקר, מזייף ומוסיף אמוג'י: האויב של ישראל ברשת[Lies, fakes and added emoji: the enemy of Israel on the Internet].Ynet(in Hebrew).Archivedfrom the original on November 21, 2023.RetrievedNovember 22,2023.
  59. ^Mansour, Juliette (October 24, 2023)."Black flag over Iranian shrine misrepresented amid Israel-Hamas conflict".AFP Fact Check.Archivedfrom the original on November 28, 2023.RetrievedNovember 21,2023.
  60. ^ab"Posts falsely claim Yemen officially entered Israel-Hamas conflict".AFP Fact Check.November 3, 2023.Archivedfrom the original on November 21, 2023.RetrievedNovember 21,2023.
  61. ^McCarthy, Bill (November 2, 2023)."Syria hospital CCTV footage misrepresented as Israel bombs Gaza".AFP Fact Check.Archivedfrom the original on November 21, 2023.RetrievedNovember 21,2023.
  62. ^Myers, Paul; Robinson, Olga; Sardarizadeh, Shayan; Wendling, Mike (July 3, 2024)."A Bugatti, a first lady and the fake stories aimed at Americans".BBC News.RetrievedJuly 4,2024.
  63. ^abYoung, Cathy (October 19, 2023)."Rush to Judgment and Bias on Gaza Hospital Story".The Bulwark.Archivedfrom the original on November 18, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
  64. ^"Ukraine: 'Donbass Girl', cette ex-militaire qui diffuse la propagande de Poutine aux Etats-Unis"[Ukraine: "Donbass Girl", this ex-soldier spreads Putin's propaganda in the United States].L'Express(in French). April 18, 2023.ISSN2491-4282.Archivedfrom the original on May 21, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.Des personnalités comme Jackson Hinkle ou Eva Bartlett, qui font partie du top 10 des 'influenceurs' non russes à soutenir Moscou, d'après l'Institute for Strategic Dialogue, y discutent du 'déclin inévitable de l'Occident' ou encore de la manière dont les Etats-Unis utilisent l'Ukraine pour s'attaquer à la Russie.[Personalities like Jackson Hinkle or Eva Bartlett, who are among the top 10 non-Russian "influencers" to support Moscow, according to the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, discuss the "inevitable decline of the West" or even how the United States uses Ukraine to attack Russia.]
  65. ^Atanesian, Grigor (November 17, 2023)."Guerra Israel - Hamás: los influencers que ganan dinero con el enfrentamiento".BBC News Mundo(in Spanish).RetrievedApril 1,2024.
  66. ^Grosso, Joseph (February 24, 2023)."Hearts of Darkness: Anti-War as Reaction".CounterPunch.Archivedfrom the original on December 17, 2023.RetrievedDecember 24,2023.
  67. ^Fornusek, Martin (November 3, 2022)."Russian disinfo on social media: 'Zelenskyy and western embassies fled Kyiv, US sabotaged Nord Stream'".Euromaidan Press.Archivedfrom the original on November 13, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
  68. ^Güncelleme, Son (September 21, 2023)."Zelenskyy to end up like Osama bin Laden: American journalist".Türkiye.Archivedfrom the original on November 17, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
  69. ^abFung, Katherine (October 17, 2023)."MAGA divides grow as Israel war intensifies".Newsweek.ISSN0028-9604.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
  70. ^Klee, Miles (October 19, 2023)."MAGA Influencers Tearing Each Other Apart Over Israel-Hamas War".Rolling Stone.ISSN0035-791X.Archivedfrom the original on November 14, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
  71. ^Hodge, Rae (April 24, 2023)."'American hero': Tucker Carlson's fans mourn as star right-wing pundit departs Fox News ".Salon.Archivedfrom the original on November 14, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
  72. ^"What Is to Be Done? The Spread of the Far Right"(PDF).In These Times.Vol. 47, no. 10. December 2023. p. 36.Archived(PDF)from the original on December 12, 2023.RetrievedDecember 13,2023.What do such figures mean by 'working class'? 'Racists,' says one prominent #MAGACommunist, Jackson Hinkle, 'hate me because I'm white.' He has 2 million Twitter followers. This October, numerous leftists warned that Hinkle was among the far-right actors opportunistically promoting the Palestinian cause to further their reach—he gained roughly 1.6 million of his followers in the first weeks of the war—and achieve their own, deeply different goals.
  73. ^Hummel, Kristina (December 22, 2021)."The Iron March Forum and the Evolution of the" Skull Mask "Neo-Fascist Network".Combating Terrorism Center at West Point.RetrievedJuly 4,2024.
  74. ^Gallagher, Graham (November 25, 2022)."Elite Conservatives Have Taken an Awfully Weird Turn".The New Republic.ISSN2169-2416.Archivedfrom the original on November 15, 2023.RetrievedNovember 20,2023.
  75. ^Owen, Tess (May 24, 2024)."'A deranged fringe movement': what is Maga communism, the online ideology platformed by Tucker Carlson? ".The Guradian.
  76. ^Jackson Hinkle [@jacksonhinklle] (October 23, 2023)."🇺🇸🇵🇸 I am a CHRISTIAN AMERICAN PATRIOT and I STAND WITH PALESTINE!"(Tweet).RetrievedDecember 7,2023– viaTwitter.
  77. ^Duffield, Charlie (November 5, 2023)."Russian beauty queen flaunts her VIP lifestyle in America as she moves to the US".The Daily Mirror.RetrievedJune 3,2024.
  78. ^Lee, Steven; Hsu, Tiffany (April 11, 2024)."Riding Rage Over Israel to Online Prominence".New York Times.
  79. ^"Certified Statement of the Votes Cast for the General District Election held on November 5, 2019"(PDF).Orange County Registrar of Voters.November 14, 2019.Archived(PDF)from the original on November 1, 2023.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
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