macOS Sierra

"macOS 10.12" redirects here. For macOS 12, seemacOS Monterey.

macOS Sierra

Version of themacOSoperating system
macOS Sierra desktop
Developer	Apple Inc.
OS family	Macintosh Unix
Source model	Closed,withopen sourcecomponents
General availability	September 20, 2016(2016-09-20)
Latest release	10.12.6 (16G2136)/ September 26, 2019(2019-09-26)
Update method	Mac App Store
Platforms	x86-64
Kerneltype	Hybrid(XNU)
License	APSLand AppleEULA
Preceded by	OS X El Capitan
Succeeded by	macOS High Sierra
Official website	macOS - Appleat theWayback Machine(archived August 30, 2017)
Tagline	What can your Mac do now? Just ask.
Support status
Obsolete, unsupported as of September 2019.iTunesis no longer being updated, but is able to download driver updates to sync to newer devices.Drops support for Macs released from mid 2007 to mid 2009.

macOS Sierra(version 10.12)is the thirteenthmajor releaseofmacOS(formerly known asOS XandMac OS X),Apple Inc.'s desktop andserveroperating system forMacintoshcomputers. The name "macOS" stems from the intention to unify the operating system's name with that of iOS, watchOS and tvOS. Sierra is named after theSierra Nevadamountain range inCaliforniaandNevada.Specifically,Mount Whitneyis the location for macOS Sierra's default wallpaper.Its major new features concernContinuity,iCloud,and windowing, as well as support forApple PayandSiri.

The first beta of macOS Sierra was released to developers shortly following the 2016WWDCkeynote on June 13, 2016. The first public-beta release followed on July 7, 2016. It was released toend userson September 20, 2016, as a free upgrade through theMac App Storeand it was succeeded bymacOS High Sierraon September 25, 2017.

System requirements

macOS Sierra requires at least 2GBofRAMand 8 GB of storage space and is designed to run on the following products:

• iMac(Late 2009 or later)
• MacBook(Late 2009 or later)
• MacBook Air(Late 2010 or later)
• MacBook Pro(Mid 2010 or later)
• Mac Mini(Mid 2010 or later)
• Mac Pro(Mid 2010 or later)

Sierra dropped support for various Macs released from mid 2007 to mid 2009, the first version of macOS sinceOS X Mountain Lion,released in 2012, to do so.Support forXservewas also dropped in Sierra.

Workarounds for unsupported systems

Developers have created workarounds to install macOS Sierra on some Mac computers that are no longer officially supported as long as they are packed with a CPU that supports SSE4.1.This requires using a patch to modify the install image.

Changes

Default wallpaper

The defaultdesktop pictureis an image ofLone Pine Peak.

System features

Siri

A demonstration of Siri on macOS Sierra Beta

The user can access theSiriintelligent assistant via theDock,themenu baror a keyboard shortcut and results are shown in awindowin the upper-right corner.Siri can send messages, search the web, find files and adjust settings. Results can be dropped into other applications or pinned toNotification Center.For instance, pictures from search results can be dragged into a document.

iCloud Drive and Optimized Storage

This image shows what the Optimized Storage suggestions are.

iCloud Drivecan upload the user's documents and desktop directories and sync them to other devices. TheSystem Informationapplication has a new section that gives the user detailed information about space usage per application or file and provides tools and suggestions for freeing up space. For instance, the user can let the system upload old files to iCloud Drive and remove their local copies, keeping them available on-demand inFinder.It can also remove old files fromtrashautomatically. iTunes can delete watched, purchased films andTV programsfrom its library.

Auto Unlock and Universal Clipboard

Building upon Continuity, an "umbrella term [for] features that facilitate the communication between [Apple devices]" usingBluetoothandWi-Fi,Sierra adds two features.With Auto Unlock, the user can unlock their user account by holding a pairedApple Watchclose to the device.Time of flightis used to preventrelay attacks.Auto Unlock requires a Mac that was introduced in 2013 or later. With Universal Clipboard, the user can share theclipboardforcut, copy and pastebetween macOS Sierra andiOS 10devices, including text and rich content, such as pictures or videos.

Tabs and Picture-in-Picture

Applications that support multiple windows can supportmultiple tabs within a single window,allowing the user to keep windows organized similarly toSafari.WithPicture-in-Picture,videos can be played in a window that follows the user across the system.

Apple File System

Apple released a preview of a newfile systemin Sierra, calledApple File System(APFS), to overcome thelimitations of HFS Plus.APFS is intended forsolid-state drivesandflash memoryand adopts several features found in modern file systems, such assnapshotsand cloning, as well as native support for features that Apple already provides inHFS Plusthrough supplementary software, such as file-system encryption andTRIMsupport. The file system was released in macOS High Sierra.

Night Shift

See also:Night Shift (software)

Night Shift is new in macOS 10.12.4, with the same functionality as its iOS counterpart. Night Shift reduces blue light at nightto aid sleep.This can be scheduled in theSystem Preferencesapp (in the Displays menu) and can be toggled on or off in the Notification Center or using Siri.

Since this feature relies on the Metal framework,Night Shift is not available on all systems that support macOS Sierra.

Application features

Photos

Apple says it has improved the face recognition of thePhotosapplication, adding object and scene recognition. It groups similar pictures together using faces, locations and object recognition to create "memories". Memories contain picture slideshows with transitions and music selected by the algorithm, which can be modified to the user's liking. The "People" album organizes photos by the people in them, and Places shows all photos on a world map.

Safari and Apple Pay

Safari provides an "extension point" which enables developers to bundle Safari extensions within theirCocoaapplications and communicate with them directly from the applications.Safari conceals the presence of installed "legacy"plug-ins,such asAdobe Flash Player,Java applets,Microsoft Silverlight,andQuickTime– from websites and requires the user to enable a specific plug-in on a per-use or per-website basis.

Apple Payallows vendors to embed an Apple Pay button on theirwebsites.In Safari, users can click the Apple Pay button to check out, then complete a purchase using an iPhone or Apple Watch. Apple Pay requires a Mac that supports Continuity (2012 or later models) and either an iPhone 6 or later with iOS 10, or an Apple Watch with watchOS 3.

Messages

The Messages app adds aesthetic effects to messages, such as three times biggeremojisand click back with hearts or thumbs-up on a message bubble.The ability to playYouTubevideos and preview links in a conversation was introduced.Users can view interactive content added toiMessagein iOS 10. The app also allows you to turn on or off read receipts on a conversation by conversation basis.

iTunes

Apple MusicwithiniTuneshas been redesigned, making it simpler to find favorite songs and discover new ones. A new "For You" tab has been added, which suggests new music the user might like (similar to the existing Genius).A refined MiniPlayer with the ability to viewlyricswhile listening has also been introduced.

Notes

TheNotesapp allows the user to share and collaborate on notes. This is done by clicking on a share button at the top of the window.

Other changes

• Disk Utilityregains the ability to format and manageRAIDsets, after it was removed in El Capitan.
• Finder has an option to show folders always at the top of the view hierarchy, for instance in list views.
• Mailadds a control to the top ofemaillists to quickly filter them, for instance, by read status or the presence of attachments.
• 13 & 15-inch Retina MacBook Pros now default to integer scaled over nearest-neighbor scaled resolutions to fit more content.

Security improvements

Gatekeeper

macOS Sierra slightly changes theGatekeeperuser interfaceand adds two new mechanisms. A new default inSystem Preferenceshides the "Anywhere" option which allows the user to disable the mechanism and execute programs from any source without needing to approve each new one individually.

The first new mechanism allows developers tocode-signdisk imagesthat can be verified as a unit by the system. This allows developers to guarantee the integrity of external files that are distributed alongside theapplication bundleon the same disk image. An attacker could infect these external files with malicious code and with them exploit a vulnerability in the application, without having to break the signature of the application bundle itself. By signing the disk image, the developer can prevent tampering and force an attacker to repackage the files onto a new disk image, requiring a valid developer certificate to pass Gatekeeper without a warning.

The second new mechanism is "path randomization", which executesapplication bundlesfrom a random, hidden path and prevents them from accessing external files relative to their location. To avoid this, the developer has to distribute the application bundle and its external files on a signed disk image or in a signedinstaller package.The user can avoid this mechanism by moving the application bundle without its external files to a new location.

Directory permissions and sudo

TheUnix permissionsfor writing to the /Volumes directory are now restricted torootand no longer "world-writable".Apple expandedSystem Integrity Protectionto/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC,a directory that contains a list of applications that are allowed to "control the computer", and restricts write access to programs which were signed with an Apple "private entitlement". Thefile-hosting serviceDropboxhas been criticized for manipulating the directory to add their Dropbox application to the list, rather than asking the user to do it for them explicitly in System Preferences.

Thesudocommand-line utilitywith which a user can execute a command as another user, typically as root, is configured with the "tty_tickets" flag by default, restricting the session timeout to theterminal session(such as a window or tab) in which the user authenticated the program.

Removed functionality

Sierra removes support forgarbage collectionfrom theObjective-Cruntime,amemory-managementsystem that was added inMac OS X Leopard(version 10.5) and declareddeprecatedin favor ofAutomatic Reference CountinginOS X Mountain Lion(version 10.8).Applications that have been compiled with garbage collection will no longer run.

Apple removed native support for theVPNprotocolPPTPand made recommendations for alternatives that it considers more secure.

The battery's "time remaining" estimate was removed in the 10.12.2 update after complaints of the battery life of 2016MacBook Pros.

TheGame Centerapp has been removed.However, the service still exists.

Reinstallation

Following the download of macOS Sierra (10.12) from theMac App Store,the installer does not show under a user's "Purchased" tab in the Mac App Store app. Users can still re-download the Sierra installer by visiting the macOS Sierra page on the Mac App Store.

Reception

macOS Sierra has received generally positive reviews. Users and critics have praised its functionality, including the addition of Siri and support for Apple Pay in Safari.Macworldgave it 4.5 stars out of 5.Engadgetgave it a rating of 87 out of 100 praising the new features such asSiriintegration, Universal Clipboard, and Apple Pay while criticizing the unreliability of Auto Unlock, that "Siri isn't always smart enough", and that some of the Messages features are only available on iOS 10.Developers of apps that rely on the PDFKit library built into macOS have complained that radical changes to PDFKit introduced in Sierra are causing instability and potential data corruption.

Release history

Version	Build	Release date	Darwinversion	Release notes	Standalone download
10.12	16A323	September 20, 2016	16.0.0	Original Mac App Store release	—
10.12.1	16B2555	October 24, 2016	16.1.0	About the macOS Sierra 10.12.1 Update	macOS Sierra 10.12.1 Update
	16B2657	October 27, 2016
10.12.2	16C67	December 13, 2016	16.3.0	About the macOS Sierra 10.12.2 Update	macOS Sierra 10.12.2 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.2 Combo Update
	16C68	December 14, 2016
10.12.3	16D32	January 23, 2017	16.4.0	About the macOS Sierra 10.12.3 Update	macOS Sierra 10.12.3 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.3 Combo Update
10.12.4	16E195	March 27, 2017	16.5.0	About the macOS Sierra 10.12.4 Update	macOS Sierra 10.12.4 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.4 Combo Update
10.12.5	16F73	May 15, 2017	16.6.0	About the macOS Sierra 10.12.5 Update	macOS Sierra 10.12.5 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.5 Combo Update
	16F2073	June 5, 2017
10.12.6	16G29	July 19, 2017	16.7.0	About the macOS Sierra 10.12.6 Update	macOS Sierra 10.12.6 Update macOS Sierra 10.12.6 Combo Update
	16G1036	October 31, 2017		About the security content of Security Update 2017-001 Sierra	Security Update 2017-001 Sierra
	16G1114	December 6, 2017		About the security content of Security Update 2017-002 Sierra	Security Update 2017-002 Sierra
	16G1212	January 23, 2018		About the security content of Security Update 2018-001 Sierra	Security Update 2018-001 Sierra
	16G1314	March 29, 2018		About the security content of Security Update 2018-002 Sierra	Security Update 2018-002 Sierra
	16G1408	June 1, 2018		About the security content of Security Update 2018-003 Sierra	Security Update 2018-003 Sierra
	16G1510	July 9, 2018		About the security content of Security Update 2018-004 Sierra	Security Update 2018-004 Sierra
	16G1618	October 30, 2018		About the security content of Security Update 2018-005 Sierra	Security Update 2018-005 Sierra
	16G1710	December 5, 2018		About the security content of Security Update 2018-006 Sierra	Security Update 2018-006 Sierra
	16G1815	January 22, 2019		About the security content of Security Update 2019-001 Sierra	Security Update 2019-001 Sierra
	16G1917	March 25, 2019		About the security content of Security Update 2019-002 Sierra	Security Update 2019-002 Sierra
	16G1918	March 29, 2019		About the security content of Security Update 2019-002 Sierra	Security Update 2019-002 Sierra
	16G2016	May 14, 2019		About the security content of Security Update 2019-003 Sierra	Security Update 2019-003 Sierra
	16G2127	July 22, 2019		About the security content of Security Update 2019-004 Sierra	Security Update 2019-004 Sierra
	16G2128	July 29, 2019		About the security content of Security Update 2019-004 Sierra	Security Update 2019-004 Sierra
	16G2136	September 26, 2019		About the security content of Security Update 2019-005 Sierra	Security Update 2019-005 Sierra

Timeline of Mac operating systems

Timeline of Mac operating systems

External links

• macOS 10.12 Sierraat theWayback Machine(archived August 30, 2017) – official site
• macOS 10.12 Sierradownload page atApple