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Maebashi

Coordinates:36°23′22.2″N139°3′48.3″E/ 36.389500°N 139.063417°E/36.389500; 139.063417
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Maebashi
Trước kiều thị
Core city
Flag of Maebashi
Flag
Official seal of Maebashi
Seal
Location of Maebashi in Gunma Prefecture
Location of Maebashi in Gunma Prefecture
Maebashi is located in Japan
Maebashi
Maebashi
Coordinates:36°23′22.2″N139°3′48.3″E/ 36.389500°N 139.063417°E/36.389500; 139.063417
CountryJapan
RegionKantō
PrefectureGunma
First official record4th century AD
City settledApril 1, 1892
Government
• MayorAkira Ogawa ( tiểu xuyên tinh )(from February 2024)
Area
•Core city311.59 km2(120.31 sq mi)
Population
(August 31, 2020)
•Core city335,352
• Density1,100/km2(2,800/sq mi)
•Metro
[1](2015)
1,263,034 (12th)
Time zoneUTC+9(Japan Standard Time)
- TreeGinkgo&Zelkova
- FlowerRose&Azalea
Phone number027-224-1111
Address2-12-1, Ote-Machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma-ken 371-8601
WebsiteOfficial website
Maebashi City Hall

Maebashi(Trước kiều thị,Maebashi-shi)is thecapitalcityofGunma Prefecture,in the northernKantō regionof Japan.[2]As of 31 August 2020,the city had an estimatedpopulationof 335,352 in 151,171 households,[3]and apopulation densityof 1100 persons per km2.The total area of the city is 311.59 km2(120.31 sq mi). It was the most populous city withinGunma PrefectureuntilTakasakimerged with nearby towns between 2006 and 2009.[4]Maebashi is known to be the "City of Water, Greenery and Poets" because of its pure waters, its rich nature and because it gave birth to several Japanese contemporary poets, such asSakutarō Hagiwara.[5]

Etymology

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The Maebashi area was calledUmayabashi(Chuồng kiều) during theNara period.This name finds its origins in the fact that there was a bridge (hashi,Kiều) crossing theTone Riverand not far from the bridge there was a small refreshment house with a stable (umaya,Dịch gia), often used by people travelling on theTōzan-dō(the road connecting the capital to the eastern regions of Japan). The spelling was officially changed intoMaebashi(Trước kiều) in 1649 during theEdo periodwhen Maebashi became acastle townand the center ofMaebashi Domain,afeudal domainunder theTokugawa shogunate.[6]

History

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The town of Maebashi was established withinHigashigunma District,Gunma Prefecture on April 1, 1889, with the creation of the modern municipalities system after theMeiji Restoration.Maebashi was raised to city status on April 1, 1892. In 1901, it annexed a portion of Kamikawabuchi village fromSeta District.[citation needed]

On August 5, 1945, approximately 64.2% of the urban core of the city was destroyed duringWorld War IIduringair raidswhich followed the dropping of propaganda leaflets warning of the impending attacks.[7][8]

In 1951, a portion of Kaigaya Village from Seta District was merged into Maebashi. The city expanded further on April 1, 1954, by anne xing the villages of Kamikawabuchi, Shimokawabuchi, Azuma, Minamitachibana, Kaigaya, Haga, Motosōja, and Sōja from Seta District, followed by a portion of Jōnan village in 1957. On April 1, 1960, a portion of Tamamura Town and another portion of Jōnan village were merged into Maebashi, which finally annexed the remainder of Jōnan village in 1967.[citation needed]

Maebashi hosted the1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships.[9]

On April 1, 2001, Maebashi was designated aspecial city (tokureishi)with increased local autonomy.

On December 5, 2004, the town ofŌgo,as well as the villages ofKasukawaandMiyagi(all from Seta District), were merged into Maebashi. On May 5, 2009, the village ofFujimi(Seta District) was merged into Maebashi. Seta District was dissolved as a result of this merger.[10]

Maebashi became acore city (Chūkakushi)on April 1, 2009.[11]

Geography

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Maebashi is located at the foot ofMount Akagiin the northeast corner of theKantō Plain.It is also surrounded byMount HarunaandMount Myōgi.Two rivers run through the city: theTone River,Japan's second-longest, and the Hirose River. Although it is located inland more than 100 kilometers away from the coast, the elevation of the southern part of the city is only around 100 meters. The highest elevation is 1823 meters above sea level on the south side of Mt. Kurohino, a peak ofMount Akagi.Maebashi is the farthest from the sea (about 120 km) of all Japanese prefectural capitals. The surrounding cities comprise an urban zone of over 1 million people, separated by farmland to the south from the built up areas of Greater Tokyo.

Surrounding municipalities

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Gunma Prefecture

Climate

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Maebashi has ahumid subtropical climate(Köppen climate classificationCfa). In the winter, thekarakkaze,or "dry wind" blows through Maebashi from the north. This is due to the snow clouds coming from the Sea of Japan being blocked by the Echigo Mountain Range between Gunma andNiigata Prefectures.Because of this, the city has a dry winter and is one of the sunniest places in Japan at over 2,210 hours of sunshine per year.[12]In the summer, it is hot since the location is inland, although less hot than coastalTokyoon average. On July 24, 2001, Maebashi hit 40 °C (104 °F), the fifth-hottest temperature ever in Japan.

Climate data for Maebashi (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1896−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.0
(71.6) 		24.6
(76.3) 		27.1
(80.8) 		32.4
(90.3) 		36.5
(97.7) 		39.4
(102.9) 		40.0
(104.0) 		39.8
(103.6) 		38.1
(100.6) 		33.0
(91.4) 		27.3
(81.1) 		25.2
(77.4) 		40.0
(104.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.1
(48.4) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.5
(56.3) 		19.3
(66.7) 		24.2
(75.6) 		26.8
(80.2) 		30.5
(86.9) 		31.7
(89.1) 		27.3
(81.1) 		21.7
(71.1) 		16.4
(61.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		20.2
(68.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7) 		4.5
(40.1) 		7.9
(46.2) 		13.4
(56.1) 		18.6
(65.5) 		22.1
(71.8) 		25.8
(78.4) 		26.8
(80.2) 		22.9
(73.2) 		17.1
(62.8) 		11.2
(52.2) 		6.1
(43.0) 		15.0
(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.5
(31.1) 		0.0
(32.0) 		3.1
(37.6) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		18.0
(64.4) 		22.0
(71.6) 		23.0
(73.4) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.2
(55.8) 		6.9
(44.4) 		1.9
(35.4) 		10.7
(51.3)
Record low °C (°F) −11.8
(10.8) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		0.3
(32.5) 		6.0
(42.8) 		11.9
(53.4) 		13.6
(56.5) 		8.4
(47.1) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−11.8
(10.8)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 29.7
(1.17) 		26.5
(1.04) 		58.3
(2.30) 		74.8
(2.94) 		99.4
(3.91) 		147.8
(5.82) 		202.1
(7.96) 		195.6
(7.70) 		204.3
(8.04) 		142.2
(5.60) 		43.0
(1.69) 		23.8
(0.94) 		1,247.4
(49.11)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 8
(3.1) 		9
(3.5) 		2
(0.8) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		19
(7.5)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.5 mm) 3.5 4.4 8.3 9.0 10.6 14.5 16.6 14.0 13.4 9.9 6.1 3.8 114.2
Averagerelative humidity(%) 54 52 52 55 60 70 73 72 72 68 62 57 62
Mean monthlysunshine hours 213.1 201.2 211.0 205.2 197.4 138.5 146.3 167.7 134.9 155.6 181.0 202.0 2,153.7
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[13][14]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
192051,015—
193053,052+4.0%
194052,898−0.3%
195068,710+29.9%
1960240,301+249.7%
1970273,864+14.0%
1980311,121+13.6%
1990335,704+7.9%
2000341,738+1.8%
2010340,390−0.4%
2020332,149−2.4%

Per Japanese census data,[15]the population of Maebashi has recently plateaued after a long period of growth.

Government

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Maebashi has amayor-councilform of government with a directly elected mayor and aunicameralcity council of 38 members. Maebashi contributes eight members to the Gunma Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part ofGunma 1st districtof thelower houseof theDiet of Japan.

Successive mayors

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Period Mayor Term start Term end
1 Zentarō Shimomura May 19, 1892 June 2, 1893
2 Tomojirō Yashiro July 22, 1893 September 23, 1898
3 Gen Sasaji November 11, 1898 May 9, 1902
4 ShūSaku Inaba June 13, 1902 January 14, 1909
5 Keizaburo Ehara February 28, 1909 September 20, 1911
6 Teppei Kon October 23, 1911 June 14, 1913
7 Jirō Kimura August 30, 1913 August 30, 1925
8 Katsuzō Takeuchi September 16, 1925 October 26, 1930
9 Ineichi Tanaka November 7, 1930 December 9, 1933
10-11 Keizaburō Ehara December 24, 1933 December 23, 1941
12 Yasuo Hori February 23, 1942 November 13, 1946
13-14 SAhikō Sekiguchi April 5, 1947 May 31, 1958
15-19 Shigemaru Ishii July 12, 1958 July 11, 1978
20-22 Seiichi Fujii July 12, 1978 January 11, 1988
23-24 Kiyota Fujishima February 28, 1988 February 27, 1996
25-26 Yasoji Hagiwara February 28, 1996 February 27, 2004
27-28 Masao Takagi February 28, 2004 February 27, 2012
29-31 Ryu Yamamoto February 28, 2012 February 27, 2024
32 Akira Ogawa February 28, 2024 ongoing

Source:Maebashi City[16]

Economy

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A map showing MaebashiMetropolitan Employment Area.

As of 2010, Greater Maebashi, MaebashiMetropolitan Employment Area,has a GDP of US$59.8 billion.[17][18]Theair conditioning systemandcompressormanufacturing companySanden Corporationas well as thetofuand tofu products company Sagamiya Foods have manufacturing sites in the city.[19]TheGunma Bankis headquartered in Maebashi.

Education

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Universities

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Primary and secondary schools

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Maebashi has 54 public elementary schools and 21 public middle schools operated by the city government, and two private elementary and two private middle schools. The city has nine public high schools operated by the Gunma Prefectural Board of Education and one by the city government. There are five private high schools and one private combined middle/high school.

International schools:

Transportation

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Railway

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JR East–Jōetsu Line

JR East–Ryōmō Line

Highway

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Sports

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Thespakusatsu GunmaatShoda Shoyu Stadium Gunmawas originally formed inKusatsu,but plays in Maebashi due toJ.Leaguestadium requirements.

Local attractions

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Festivals

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  • Ogo Gion Festival

Notable people

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Twin towns – sister cities

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See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan

Maebashi istwinnedwith:[22]

In addition, Maebashi has friendly relations withMenasha,United States andOrvieto,Italy.[22]

[edit]

Pewter City from Japanese game seriesPokémonwas geographically placed in the city of Maebashi.[23]

References

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  1. ^"UEA Code Tables".Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.RetrievedJanuary 26,2019.
  2. ^Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO),"Maebashi area";retrieved 2015-5-10.
  3. ^"Maebashi City official statistics"(in Japanese). Japan.
  4. ^Takasaki City Office. September 30, 2014."Demography Study"
  5. ^Maebashi City Office. March 27, 1989."Declaration from the Municipal Council"Archived2014-10-12 at theWayback Machine
  6. ^Maebashi no Rekishi(History of Maebashi)Archived2018-08-17 at theWayback Machine(July 24, 2012)
  7. ^Craven, Wesley; Cate, James, eds. (1953).The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki.The Army Air Forces in World War II. Volume V. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 656, 675.OCLC256469807.
  8. ^Caidin, Martin(1960).A Torch to the Enemy: The Fire Raid on Tokyo.Bantam War Books.ISBN0-553-29926-3.
  9. ^"7th IAAF World Indoor Championships".worldathletics.org.Retrieved2024-08-13.
  10. ^[1]ArchivedAugust 21, 2006, at theWayback Machine
  11. ^Trước kiều thị の lịch sử ／ trước kiều thị[History of Maebashi City] (in Japanese).Retrieved12 June2024.
  12. ^"Monthly total of sunshine duration (h)".Japan Meteorological Agency.Retrieved2024-01-21.
  13. ^Khí tượng sảnh / năm thường trị ( năm ・ nguyệt ごと の trị ).Japan Meteorological Agency.RetrievedMay 19,2021.
  14. ^"47624: Maebashi (Japan)".ogimet.OGIMET. 28 June 2022.Retrieved29 June2022.
  15. ^"Gunma Prefecture - Maebashi population statistics".City Population.de.Retrieved12 June2024.
  16. ^Thị trưởng の bộ phòng ／ trước kiều thị[Mayor's Room] (in Japanese).Retrieved12 June2024.
  17. ^Yoshitsugu Kanemoto."Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data".Center for Spatial Information Science, TheUniversity of Tokyo.
  18. ^Conversion rates - Exchange rates- OECD Data
  19. ^"Major Corporations in Gunma Prefecture".Department of Industry and Economy, Gunma Prefecture.Retrieved9 March2014.
  20. ^アクセス.Gunma Korean Elementary and Junior High School. December 11, 2007. Archived fromthe originalon December 11, 2007.RetrievedOctober 14,2015.Đàn mã Triều Tiên sơ trung cấp trường học đàn mã huyện trước kiều thị hoang mục đinh 2-2
  21. ^Yagyū, Toshinaga (1957, 1989)Shōden Shinkage-ryū.Kōdansha, reprinted by Shimazu Shobō,ISBN4-88218-012-X.
  22. ^ab"Quốc tế giao lưu"(in Japanese). Maebashi.Retrieved2023-11-28.
  23. ^"Pokémon world in relation to the real world".bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net.Retrieved2024-01-21.
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