Mali (processor)
![]() ARM Cortex A57 A53 big.LITTLE SoC with a Mali-T624 GPU | |
Release date | 2005 |
---|---|
Architecture |
|
Models | SeeVariants |
Cores | 1-32 cores |
Fabrication process | 4-40nm |
APIsupport | |
OpenCL | 1.1-3.0 |
Vulkan | 1.0-1.3 |
TheMali and Immortalisseries ofgraphics processing units(GPUs) and multimedia processors aresemiconductor intellectual property coresproduced byArm Holdingsfor licensing in variousASICdesigns by Arm partners.
Mali GPUs were developed byFalanx Microsystems A/S,which was aspin-offof a research project from theNorwegian University of Science and Technology.[1]Arm Holdingsacquired Falanx Microsystems A/S on June 23, 2006 and renamed the company toArm Norway.[2]
It was originally namedMalaik,but the team shortened the name toMali,Serbo-Croatianfor "small",which was thought to be fitting for a mobile GPU.[3]
On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Immortalis series of GPUs with hardware-based Ray Tracing support.[4]
GPU Architectures[edit]
Utgard[edit]
In 2005, Falanx announced their Utgard GPU Architecture, the Mali-200 GPU.[5]Arm followed up with the Mali-300, Mali-400, Mali-450, and Mali-470. Utgard was a non-unified GPU (discrete pixel and vertex shaders).[1]
Midgard[edit]
Midgard 1st gen[edit]
On November 10, 2010, Arm announced their Midgard 1st gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T604 and later the Mali-T658 GPU in 2011.[6][7][8][9]Midgard uses a Hierarchical Tiling system.[1]
Midgard 2nd gen[edit]
On August 6, 2012, Arm announced their Midgard 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T678 GPU.[10]Midgard 2nd gen introduced Forward Pixel Kill.[1][11]
Midgard 3rd gen[edit]
On October 29, 2013, Arm announced their Midgard 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T760 GPU.[12][1][13][14][15]
Midgard 4th gen[edit]
On October 27, 2014, Arm announced their Midgard 4th gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T860, Mali-T830, Mali-T820. Their flagship Mali-T880 GPU was announced on February 3, 2015. New microarchitectural features include:[16]
- Up to 16 cores for the Mali-T880, with 256KB – 2MB L2 cache
Bifrost[edit]
Bifrost 1st Gen[edit]
On May 27, 2016, Arm announced their Bifrost GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G71 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:[17][18]
- Unified shaders with quad vectorization
- Scalar ISA
- Clauses execution
- Full cache coherency
- Up to 32 cores for the Mali-G71, with 128KB – 2MB L2 cache
- Arm claim the Mali-G71 has 40% more performance density and 20% better energy efficiency than the Mali-T880
Bifrost 2nd gen[edit]
On May 29, 2017, Arm announced their Bifrost 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G72 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:[19][20]
- Arithmetic optimizations and increased caches
- Up to 32 cores for the Mali-G72, with 128KB – 2MB L2 cache
- Arm claim the Mali-G72 has 20% more performance density and 25% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G71
Bifrost 3rd Gen[edit]
On May 31, 2018, Arm announced their Bifrost 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G76 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:[21][22]
- 8 execution lanes per engine (up from 4). Doubled pixel and texel throughput
- Up to 20 cores for the Mali-G76, with 512KB – 4MB L2 cache
- Arm claim the Mali-G76 has 30% more performance density and 30% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G72
Valhall[edit]
Valhall 1st Gen[edit]
On May 27, 2019, Arm announced their Valhall GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G77 GPU, and in October Mali-G57 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:[23][24][25]
- New superscalar engine
- Simplified scalar ISA
- New dynamic scheduling
- Up to 16 cores for the Mali-G77, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
- Arm claim the Mali-G77 has 30% more performance density and 30% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G76
Valhall 2nd Gen[edit]
On May 26, 2020, Arm announced their Valhall 2nd Gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G78. New microarchitectural features include:[26][27][28]
- Asynchronous clock domains
- New FMA units and increase Tiler throughput
- Up to 24 cores for the Mali-G78, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
- Arm Frame Buffer Compression (AFBC)
- Arm claim the Mali-G78 has 15% more performance density and 10% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G77
Valhall 3rd Gen[edit]
On May 25, 2021, Arm announced their Valhall 3rd Gen GPU Architecture (as part of TCS21), including the Mali-G710, Mali-G510, and Mali-G310 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:[29][30][31]
- Larger shader cores (2x compared to Valhall 2nd Gen)
- New GPU frontend, Command Stream Frontend (CSF) replaces the Job Manager
- Up to 16 cores for the Mali-G710, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
- Arm claim the Mali-G710 has 20% more performance density and 20% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G78
Valhall 4th Gen[edit]
On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Valhall 4th Gen GPU Architecture (as part of TCS22), including the Immortalis-G715, Mali-G715, and Mali-G615 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:[4][32]
- Ray Tracing support (hardware-based)
- Variable Rate Shading[33]
- New Execution Engine, with doubled the FMA block, Matrix Multiply instruction support, and PPA improvements
- Arm Fixed Rate Compression (AFRC)
- Arm claim the Immortalis-G715 has 15% more performance & 15% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G710[34]
5th Gen[edit]
On May 29, 2023, Arm announced their 5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture (as part of TCS23), including the Immortalis-G720, Mali-G720 and Mali-G620 GPUs.[35][36][37]New microarchitectural features include:[38]
- Deferred vertex shading (DVS) pipeline
- Arm claim the Immortalis-G720 has 15% more performance and uses up to 40% less memory bandwidth than the Immortalis-G715
Technical details[edit]
Like other embedded IP cores for 3D renderingacceleration,the Mali GPU does not includedisplay controllersdriving monitors, in contrast to common desktopvideo cards.Instead, the Mali ARM core is a pure 3D engine that renders graphics into memory and passes the rendered image over to another core to handle display.
ARM does, however, license display controllerSIPcores independently of the Mali 3D accelerator SIP block, e.g. Mali DP500, DP550 and DP650.[39]
ARM also supplies tools to help in authoringOpenGL ESshadersnamedMali GPU Shader Development StudioandMali GPU User Interface Engine.
Display controllers such as the ARM HDLCD display controller are available separately.[40]
Variants[edit]
The Mali core grew out of the cores previously produced by Falanx and currently constitute:[41]
Model | Micro- archi- tecture |
Type | Launch date | EUs/Shader core count | Shading Units | Total Shaders | Fab(nm) | Die size (mm2) | Core clock rate (MHz) | L2 cachesize | Fillrate | GFLOPS (per core) |
GFLOPS (total) |
API(version) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M△/s | GT/s | (GP/s) | Vulkan | OpenGL ES | OpenCL | |||||||||||||
Mali-55/110 | ? | Fixed function pipeline[42] | 2005 | 1 | ? | ? | ? | — | 2.8 | 0.1 | ? | — | 1.1 | — | ||||
Mali-200 | Utgard[43] | Programmable pipeline[42] | 2007[44] | 1 | ? | ? | ? | — | 5 | ? | 0.2 | 2.0 | ||||||
Mali-300 | 2010[45] | 1 | 40 28 |
? | 500 | 8 KiB | 55 | 0.5 | 5 | |||||||||
Mali-400 MP | 2008 | 1–4 | ? | 200–600 | 8–256 KiB | 55 | 0.5 | 1.2–5.4 | ||||||||||
Mali-450 MP | 2012 | 1–8 | ? | 300–750 | 8–512 KiB | 142 | 2.6 | 4.5–11.9 | ||||||||||
Mali-470 MP | 2015 | 1–4 | ? | 250–650 | 8–256 KiB | 71 | 0.65 | 8–20.8 | ||||||||||
Mali-T604[46] | Midgard 1st gen | Unified shader model+ | Nov 2010[47] | 1–4 | 32 28 |
? | 533 | 32–256 KiB | 90 | 0.533 | 17 | 3.1 | Full Profile 1.1 | |||||
Mali-T658[46] | Nov 2011[48] | 1–8 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||
Mali-T622 | Midgard 2nd gen | Jun 2013[49] | 1–2 | 32 28 |
? | 533 | ? | ? | 8.5 | |||||||||
Mali-T624 | 2012-08 | 1–4 | ? | 533–600 | ? | ? | 17–19.2 | |||||||||||
Mali-T628 | 1–8 | ? | 533–695 | ? | ? | 17–23.7 | ||||||||||||
Mali-T678[50] | 1–8 | 28 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||
Mali-T720 | Midgard 3rd gen | 2013-10 | 1–8 | ? | 400–700 | 650 (MP8@ 650 MHz) |
5.2 (MP8 @650 MHz) |
6.8–11.9 | ||||||||||
Mali-T760 | 1–16 | 28 14 |
1.75 mm2per shader core at 14 nm[51] | 600–772 | 256–2048 KiB[52] | 1300 | 0.6–12.6 GTexel/s (bilinear)[53] | 10.4 | 17–26.2 | 1.0[54] | 3.2[55] | Full Profile 1.2 | ||||||
Mali-T820 | Midgard 4th gen | Q4 2015 | 1–4 | 28 | ? | 600 | 32–256 KiB[52] | 400 | ? | 2.6 | 10.2 | |||||||
Mali-T830 | ? | 600–950 | 400 | ? | 2.6 | 20.4–32.3 | ||||||||||||
Mali-T860 | 1–16 | ? | 350–700 | 256–2048 KiB[52] | 1300 | ? | 10.4 | 11.9–23.8 | ||||||||||
Mali-T880 | Q2 2016 | 1–16 | 16 | ? | 650–1000 | 1700 | ? | 13.6 | 22.1–34 | |||||||||
Mali-G31 | Bifrost 1st gen | Unified shader model+Unified memory+
scalar, clause-basedISA |
Q1 2018 | 1–6 (1 EU per core)[56] |
28 12 |
? | 650 | 32kB–512kB | ? | 1.3 | 10.4 | 1.3[57] | Full Profile 2.0 | |||||
Mali-G51[58] | Q4 2016 | 1–6 (1 uni to 3 dual)[59] |
28 16 14 12 10 |
? | 1000 | ? | 3.9 | |||||||||||
Mali-G71[60] | Q2 2016 | 1–32 | 16 14 10 |
? | 546–1037 | 128–2048 KiB | 1850 | 0.7–24.7
GTexel/s (bilinear)[61] |
27.2 | 18.56–28.9[62] | ||||||||
Mali-G52 | Bifrost 2nd gen | Q1 2018 | 1–4 (2 or 3 EU per core) |
16 8 7 |
? | 850 | 32-512 KiB | ? | 6.8 | 27.2 (2 EU) & 40.8 (3 EU) @ 850 MHz | ||||||||
Mali-G72 | Q2 2017 | 1–32 | 16 12 10 |
1.36 mm2per shader core at 10 nm[63] | 572–1050 | 128–2048 KiB | 27.2 | 20.55-37.72 | ||||||||||
Mali-G76 | Bifrost 3rd gen | Q2 2018 | 4–20 | 12 8 7 |
? | 600–800 | 512–4096 KiB | ? | ? | 43.2–57.6 | ||||||||
Mali-G57 | Valhall 1st gen | Superscalar engine +Unified memory+
simplified scalarISA |
Q2 2019 | 1–6 | 7 | ? | 950[64] | 64–512 KiB | ? | ? | ? | 121.6 | ||||||
Mali-G77 | 7–16 | 7 6 |
? | 695–850 | 512–2048 KiB | ? | ? | ? | 88.92–108.76 | |||||||||
Mali-G68 | Valhall 2nd gen | Q2 2020 | 4–6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
Mali-G78 | 7–24 | 5 | 759-848 | 97.15 @ 759 MHz 108.54 @ 848 MHz | ||||||||||||||
Mali-G310 | Valhall 3rd gen | Q2 2021 | 1 | 4 | 256–1024 KiB | |||||||||||||
Mali-G510 | 2–6 | |||||||||||||||||
Mali-G610 | 1–6 | 512–2048 KiB | ||||||||||||||||
Mali-G710 | 7–16 | 64 (MP7) | 448 (MP7) | 650,850 900 |
2648 | 92 | 83.2 @ 650 MHz, 108.8 @ 850 MHz, 115.2 @ 900 MHz (MP7) | 582.4 @650 MHz, 761.6 @850 MHz, 806.4 @900 MHz (MP7) | ||||||||||
Mali-G615 | Valhall 4th gen | Q2 2022 | 1–6 | |||||||||||||||
Mali-G715 | 7–9 | |||||||||||||||||
Immortalis-G715 | 10–16 | 192 (MC11) 133.34 (MC16) | 2112 (MC11) 2133.44 (MC16) | 850,995, 1164.15 (MC11) 750 (MC16) |
326.4 @850 MHz, 382.0 @995 MHz, 447.0 @116 4.15 MHz (MC11), 200 .0 @750 MH z (MC16) |
3590.4 @850 MHz, 4202.8 @995 MHz, 4917.3 @1164.15 MHz (MC11), 3200 .1 @750 MHz (MC16) | ||||||||||||
Mali-G620 | 5th Gen[65] | Deferred Vertex Shading (DVS) | Q2 2023 | 1–5 | 4 | 256–1024 KiB | Full Profile 3.0 | |||||||||||
Mali-G720 | 6–9 | 512–2048 KiB | ||||||||||||||||
Immortalis-G720 | Q4 2023 | 10+ | 192 (MC12) | 2304 (MC12) | 1300 (MC12) | 499.2 @ 1300 MHz (MC12) | 5990.4 @1300 MHz (MC12) | |||||||||||
Model | Micro- archi- tecture |
Type | Launch date | EUs/Shader core count | Shading Units | Total Shaders | Fab
(nm) |
Die size (mm2) | Core clock rate (MHz) | Max L2 cache size | Fillrate (Max core count) | FP32 GFLOPS (per core) |
GFLOPS (total) |
Vulkan | Open GL/ES |
Open CL |
Some microarchitectures (or just some chips?) supportcache coherencyfor the L2 cache with the CPU.[66][67]
Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression(ASTC) is supported by Mali-T620, T720/T760, T820/T830/T860/T880[43]and Mali-G series.
Implementations[edit]
The Mali GPU variants can be found in the followingsystems on chips(SoCs):
Vendor | SoC name | Mali version |
---|---|---|
Allwinner | Allwinner A1X(A10,A10s,A13) | Mali-400 MP[68][69][70]@ 300 MHz |
A20,A23,A33,A64,[71]H2, H3, H64, R8, R16, R40, R18 | Mali-400 MP2[72]@ 350/350/350/600/600/?/?/?/?/?/? MHz | |
H5 | Mali-450 MP4 | |
H6 | Mali-T720 MP2 | |
H313, H616, H618 | Mali-G31 MP2 | |
Amlogic | 8726-M series (8726-M1, 8726-M3, 8726-M6, 8726-MX) | Mali-400 MP/MP2[73]@ 250/400 MHz |
8726-M8 series (M801, M802, S801, S802, S812) | Mali-450 MP6[73]@ 600 MHz | |
8726-M8B series (M805, S805) | Mali-450 MP2[73]@ 500 MHz | |
S905, S905X/D/L | Mali-450 MP3 @ 750 MHz | |
S905X2, S905X3, S905Y2, S905D2, S905X4[74] | Mali-G31 MP2 | |
S905X5[75] | Mali-G310 @ 1 GHz[76] | |
S912 | Mali-T820 MP3 @ 600 MHz | |
S922X, A311D | Mali-G52 MP4 | |
T966 | Mali-T830 MP2 @ 650 MHz | |
ARM | Morello | Mali-G76 |
Asus | Tinkerboard, Tinkerboard S | Mali-T760 |
Baikal Electronics | Baikal-M | Mali-T628 MP8[77] |
CSR | Quatro 5300 Series | Mali-400 MP |
ELVEES Multicore | 1892VM14Ya | Mali-300 |
InfoTM | iMAP×15 | Mali-400 |
iMAP×820 | Mali-400 MP2 | |
iMAP×912 | Mali-400 MP2 | |
Tensor | Mali-G78 MP20 @ 848(996) MHz | |
Tensor G2 | Mali-G710 MP7 @ 848(996) MHz | |
Tensor G3 | Mali-G715 MP7 @ 890(900) MHz | |
HiSilicon | Kirin 620 | Mali-450 MP4 @ 533 MHz |
Kirin 650/655/658/659 | Mali-T830 MP2 @ 900 MHz | |
Kirin 710 | Mali-G51 MP4 @ 1000 MHz | |
Kirin 810 | Mali-G52 MP6 @ 820 MHz | |
Kirin 820 | Mali-G57 MP6 @??? MHz | |
Kirin 910/910T | Mali-450 MP4 @ 533/700 MHz | |
Kirin 920/925/928 | Mali-T628 MP4 @ 600/600/? MHz | |
Kirin 930/935 | Mali-T628 MP4 @ 600/680 MHz | |
Kirin 950/955 | Mali-T880 MP4 @ 900 MHz | |
Kirin 960 | Mali-G71 MP8 @ 1037 MHz | |
Kirin 970 | Mali-G72 MP12 @ 746 MHz | |
Kirin 980 | Mali-G76 MP10 @ 720 MHz | |
Kirin 985 | Mali-G77 MP8 @??? MHz | |
Kirin 990/990 5G | Mali-G76 MP16 @ 600 MHz | |
Kirin 9000 5G/Kirin 9000E 5G | Mali-G78 MP24/22 @ 759 MHz | |
Hi3798cv200 | Mali-T720 @ 450/600 MHz | |
Leadcore | LC1810, LC1811, LC1813, LC1913 | Mali-400[78][79][80][81] |
LC1860, LC1860C, LC1960 | Mali-T628 MP2 @ 600 MHz | |
MediaTek | MSD6683 | Mali-470 MP3 |
MT5595, MT5890 | Mali-T624 MP3 | |
MT5596, MT5891 | Mali-T860 MP2[82] | |
MT6571, MT6572, MT6572M | Mali-400 MP1 @?/500/400 MHz | |
MT6580 | Mali-400 MP1 @ 500 MHz | |
MT6582/MT6582M | Mali-400 MP2 @ 500/416 MHz | |
MT6588, MT6591, MT6592, MT6592M, MT8127 | Mali-450 MP4 @ 600/700/600/600 MHz[83] | |
MT6735, MT6735M, MT6735P | Mali-T720 MP2 @ 600/500/400 MHz | |
MT6737, MT6737T | Mali-T720 MP2 @ 550/600 MHz | |
MT8735 | Mali-T720 MP2 @ 450 MHz | |
MT6753 | Mali-T720 MP3 @ 700 MHz[84] | |
MT6732, MT6732M, MT6752, MT6752M | Mali-T760 MP2 @ 500/500/700/700 MHz[85] | |
MT6750 | Mali-T860 MP2 @ 520 MHz | |
MT6755 (Helio P10/P15/P18) | Mali-T860 MP2 @ 700/650/800 MHz | |
MT6757 (Helio P20, P25) | Mali-T880 MP2 @ 900 MHz/1.0 GHz[86] | |
MT6797 (Helio X20/X23/X25/X27) | Mali-T880 MP4 @ 780/850/875 MHz | |
MT6763T (Helio P23), MT6758 (Helio P30) | Mali-G71 MP2 @ 770/950 MHz[87][88] | |
MT6771 (Helio P60, P70) | Mali-G72 MP3 @ 800/900 MHz[89][90] | |
MT6768 (Helio P65), MT6769 (Helio G70/G80/G85/G88) | Mali-G52 MC2 @ 820/950/1000 MHz | |
Helio G91 | Mali-G52 MC2 @ 1 GHz | |
MT6785 (Helio G90/G90T/G95) | Mali-G76 MC4 @ 720/800/900 MHz | |
MT6781 (Helio G96, G99) | Mali-G57 MC2 @ 950/1000 MHz | |
MT6833 (Dimensity 700, 810, 6020) | Mali-G57 MC2 @ 950/1068/950 MHz | |
MT6853 (Dimensity 720, 800U) | Mali-G57 MC3 @ 850 MHz | |
MT6873 (Dimensity 800) | Mali-G57 MC4 @ 650 MHz | |
MT6875 (Dimensity 820), MT6883Z (Dimensity 1000C) | Mali-G57 MC5 @ 900 MHz | |
MT6877/MT6877T (Dimensity 900/920/1080/7050) | Mali-G68 MC4 @ 900 MHz | |
MT6885Z (Dimensity 1000L) | Mali-G77 MC7 @ 695 MHz | |
MT6889 (Dimensity 1000/1000+) | Mali-G77 MC9 @ 850 MHz | |
MT6891/MT6893 (Dimensity 1100/1200/1300/8020/8050) | Mali-G77 MC9 @ 850 MHz | |
MT8192 (Kompanio 820) | Mali-G57 MC5 GPU @??? MHz | |
MT8195/MT8195T (Kompanio 1200/1380) | Mali-G57 MC5 GPU @??? MHz | |
MT8791 (Kompanio 900T) | Mali-G68 MP4 GPU @ 900 MHz | |
MT8797 (Kompanio 1300T) | Mali-G77 MP9 @ 850 MHz | |
MT6886 (Dimensity 7200) | Mali-G610 MC4 @ 1.13 GHz | |
MT6895/MT6895Z/MT6896 (Dimensity 8000/8100/8200) | Mali-G610 MC6 @ 700/860/950 MHz | |
MT6983 (Dimensity 9000/9000+) | Mali-G710 MP10 @ 848/950 MHz | |
MT6985 (Dimensity 9200/9200+) | Immortalis-G715 MP11 @ 981/1150 MHz | |
MT6989 (Dimensity 9300) | Immortalis-G720 MP12 @ 1.3 GHz | |
NetLogic | Au1380, Au1350 | Mali-200[91][92] |
Nufront | NS2816, NS2816M | Mali-400 MP |
NS115, TL7688, TL7689 | Mali-400 MP2 | |
Realtek | RTD1294, RTD1295, RTD1296 | Mali-T820 MP3[93] |
RTD1395 | Mali-470 | |
Rockchip | RK2818 | Mali-200 |
RK2926, RK2628, RK3036, RK3229 | Mali-400 MP @ 400/400/500/600 MHz[94] | |
RK3026, RK3126, RK3128 | Mali-400 MP2 @ 500/600/600 MHz | |
RK3066, RK3188, RK3188T | Mali-400 MP4 @ 266/533/~400 MHz[95][96] | |
RK3288 | Mali-T760 MP4 @ 600 MHz | |
RK3326 | Mali-G31 MP2[97][98] | |
RK3328 | Mali-450 MP2 | |
RK3399 | Mali-T860 MP4 @ 600 MHz | |
RK3530, RK3566, RK3568 | Mali-G52[99] | |
RK3588 | Mali-G610 MP4[100] | |
Samsung | Exynos3 Quad (3470), Exynos 4 Dual, Quad (4210, 4212 and 4412) | Mali-400 MP4[101] |
Exynos5 Dual (5250) | Mali-T604 MP4[102] | |
Exynos5 Hexa (5260) | Mali-T624 MP3 | |
Exynos5 Octa (5420, 5422, 5430 and 5800) | Mali-T628 MP6 | |
Exynos 5 Hexa (7872) | Mali-G71 MP1 @ 1.2 GHz | |
Exynos7 Octa (5433/7410) | Mali-T760 MP6 | |
Exynos7 Octa (7420) | Mali-T760 MP8 @ 772 MHz | |
Exynos7 Quad (7570), Exynos 3 Quad (3475) | Mali-T720 MP1 | |
Exynos7 Octa (7580) | Mali-T720 MP2 | |
Exynos7 Octa (7870) | Mali-T830 MP1 @ 1000 MHz | |
Exynos7 Octa (7880) | Mali-T830 MP3 @ 950 MHz | |
Exynos7 Series 7885 | Mali-G71 MP2 @ 1300 MHz | |
Exynos850 | Mali-G52 MP1 | |
Exynos8 Octa 880 | Mali-G76 MP5 @ 546 MHz | |
Exynos8 Octa (8890) | Mali-T880 MP10 (Lite) / Mali-T880 MP12 @650 MHz | |
Exynos9 Octa (8895) | Mali-G71 MP20 @ 546 MHz[103][104] | |
Exynos7 Series 9610 | Mali-G72 MP3[105] | |
Exynos9 Series 9810 | Mali-G72 MP18 @ 572 MHz[106] | |
Exynos9 Series 9820/9825 | Mali-G76 MP12 @ 702/754 MHz | |
Exynos9 Series 980 | Mali-G76 MP5 @ 728 MHz | |
Exynos9 Series 990 | Mali-G77 MP11 @ 800 MHz | |
Exynos1330 | Mali G68 MP2 @ 949 MHz | |
Exynos1280 | Mali-G68 MP4 @ 897 MHz | |
Exynos1380 | Mali-G68 MP5 @ 950 MHz | |
Exynos1080 | Mali-G78 MP10 @ 850 MHz | |
Exynos2100 | Mali-G78 MP14 @ 854 MHz | |
S5P6450 Vega | Mali-400 MP[107] | |
Sigma Designs | SMP8750 Series | Mali-400 MP4 @ 350 MHz[108] |
Socle-Tech | Leopard-6 | Mali-200[109] |
Spreadtrum | SC68xx, SC57xx, SC77xx, SC8xxx, SC983x | Mali-400 MP Series[110] |
SC9860, SC9860GV | Mali-T880 MP4 | |
ST-Ericsson | NovaThorU9500, U8500, U5500 | Mali-400 MP[111] |
STMicroelectronics | SPEAr1340 | Mali-200[112] |
STi7108, STiH416 | Mali-400 MP[113][114] | |
Telechips | TCC8803, TCC8902, TCC8900, TCC9201 | Mali-200[73][115] |
WonderMedia | WM8750 | Mali-200 |
WM8850, WM8950 | Mali-400 MP[116] | |
WM8880, WM8980 | Mali-400 MP2 | |
WM8860 | Mali-450 | |
Xiaomi | Surge S1 | Mali-T860 MP4 @ 800 MHz[117][118] |
Surge S2 | Mali-G71 MP12 @ 900 MHz (?)[119] |
Mali video processors[edit]
Mali Video is the name given toARM Holdings' dedicatedvideo decodingandvideo encodingASIC.There are multiple versions implementing a number ofvideo codecs,such asHEVC,VP9,H.264andVP8.As with all ARM products, the Mali video processor is asemiconductor intellectual property corelicensed to third parties for inclusion in their chips. Real time encode-decode capability is central tovideotelephony.An interface to ARM'sTrustZonetechnology is also built-in to enabledigital rights managementofcopyrightedmaterial.
Mali-V500[edit]
The first version of a Mali Video processor was the V500, released in 2013 with the Mali-T622 GPU.[120]The V500 is a multicore design, sporting 1–8 cores, with support for H.264 and a protected video path usingARM TrustZone.The 8 core version is sufficient for4Kvideo decode at 120 frames per second (fps). The V500 can encode VP8 and H.264, and decode H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8.
Mali-V550[edit]
Released with the Mali-T800 GPU, ARM V550 video processors added both encode and decode HEVC support, 10-bit color depth, and technologies to further reduced power consumption.[121]The V550 also included technology improvements to better handle latency and save bandwidth.[122]Again built around the idea of a scalable number of cores (1–8) the V550 could support between 1080p60 (1 core) to 4K120 (8 cores). The V550 supported HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG encode, and HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8, JPEG decode.
Mali-V61[edit]
The Mali V61 video processor (formerly named Egil) was released with the Mali Bifrost GPU in 2016.[123][124]V61 has been designed to improve video encoding, in particular HEVC and VP9, and to allow for encoding either a single or multiple streams simultaneously.[125]The design continues the 1–8 variable core number design, with a single core supporting 1080p60 while 8 cores can drive 4Kp120. It can decode and encode VP9 10-bit, VP9 8-bit, HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG and decode only MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, H.263.[126]
Mali-V52[edit]
The Mali V52 video processor was released with the Mali G52 and G31 GPUs in March 2018.[127]The processor is intended to support 4K (including HDR) video on mainstream devices.[128]
The platform is scalable from 1 to 4 cores and doubles the decode performance relative to V61. It also adds High 10 H.264 encode (Level 5.0) and decode (Level 5.1) capabilities, as well as AVS Part 2 (Jizhun) and Part 16 (AVS+, Guangdian) decode capability for YUV420.[129]
Mali-V76[edit]
The Mali V76 video processor was released with the Mali G76 GPU andCortex-A76CPU in 2018.[130]The V76 was designed to improve video encoding and decoding performance. The design continues the 2–8 variable core number design, with 8 cores capable of 8Kp60 decoding and 8Kp30 encoding. It claims improves HEVC encode quality by 25% relative to Mali-V61 at launch. TheAV1codec is not supported.
Mali-V77[edit]
The Mali V77 video processor was released with the Mali G77 GPU andCortex-A77CPU in 2019.
Comparison[edit]
Mali Video | V500 | V550 | V61 | V52 | V76 | V77 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Announced | June 2, 2013[131] | October 27, 2014[132] | October 31, 2016[133] | March 6, 2018[134] | May 31, 2018[130] | |
Recommended GPU | Mali-T800-series | Mali-G51 Mali-G72 |
Mali-G31 Mali-G52 |
Mali-G76 | Mali-G77 | |
Recommended DPU | Mali-DP500 | Mali-DP550 Mali-DP650 |
Mali-DP650 Mali-D71 |
Mali-D52 | ||
Memory system | MMU | |||||
Bus interface | AMBA 3 AXI AMBA 4 ACE Lite |
AMBA AXI | AMBA4 AXI | |||
Performance (enc) | 1080p60 (1 core) to 4K120 (8 core) | 1080p60 (1 core) to 4K60 (4 core) | 1080p60 (1 core) to 8K30 (8 core) | |||
Performance (dec) | 1080p120 / 4K30 (1 core) to 4K120 (4 core) | 1080p120 / 4K30 (1 core) to 8K60 (8 core) | ||||
Decode & encode | ||||||
H.2648-bit | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E |
H.26410-bit | - | - | - | D & E | D & E | D & E |
VP8 | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E |
JPEG | - | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E |
HEVCMain | - | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E |
HEVCMain 10 | - | D | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E |
VP98-bit | - | - | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E |
VP910-bit | - | - | D & E | D & E | D & E | D & E |
AV1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mali display processors[edit]
Mali-D71[edit]
The Mali-D71 added Arm Framebuffer Compression (AFBC) 1.2 encoder, support for ARM CoreLink MMU-600 and Assertive Display 5. Assertive Display 5 has support forHDR10andhybrid log–gamma (HLG).
Mali-D77[edit]
The Mali-D77 added features includingasynchronous timewarp (ATW),lens distortion correction (LDC), and chromatic aberration correction (CAC).The Mali-D77 is also capable of 3K (2880x1440) @ 120 Hz and 4K @ 90 Hz.[135]
Mali Display | DP500[136][137] | DP550[138] | DP650[139][140] | D71[141][142][143] | D51 | D77[144][145] | D37[146] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Announced | May 8, 2010 | October 27, 2014 | January 20, 2016 | October 31, 2017 | March 6, 2018 | May 15, 2019 | October 23, 2019 |
Optimized res | n/a | 720p (HD) to 1080p (FHD) | 1440p (QHD) | 1440p (QHD) to 2160p (UHD/4K) | 1080p (FHD) to 1440p (QHD) | 2880x1440 @ 120 Hz | 1080p (FHD) to 1440p (QHD) |
Maximum res | 2160p (4K) | 2160p (4K) | 2160p (4K) | 2160p (4K) up to 120fps | 4096x2048 up to 60fps | 4320x2160 @ 120 Hz | |
Launched alongside | Cortex-A17 core | Mali-T800 series GPU, V550 Video Processor | CoreLink MMU-600, Assertive Display 5 | Mali-G31, Mali-G52, Mali-V52 | Ethos-N77, Ethos-N57, Ethos-N37 Mali-G57 |
Mali camera[edit]
Mali-C71[edit]
On April 25, 2017 the Mali-C71 was announced, ARM's first image signal processor (ISP).[147][148][149]
Mali-C52 and Mali-C32[edit]
On January 3, 2019 the Mali-C52 and C32 were announced, aimed at everyday devices including drones, smart home assistants and security, and internet protocol (IP) camera.[150]
Mali-C71AE[edit]
On September 29, 2020 the Mali-C71AE image signal processor was introduced, alongside the Cortex-A78AE CPU and Mali-G78AE GPU.[151]It supports up to 4 real-time cameras or up to 16 virtual cameras with a maximum resolution of 4096 x 4096 each.[152]
Mali-C55[edit]
On June 8, 2022 the Mali-C55 ISP was introduced as successor to the C52.[153][154]It is the smallest and most configurable image signal processor from Arm, and support up to 8 camera with a max resolution of 48 megapixel each. Arm claims improved tone mapping and spatial noise reduction compared to the C52. Multiple C55 ISPs can be combined to support higher than 48 megapixel resolutions.
Comparison[edit]
Mali camera | C32 | C52 | C55 | C71 | C71AE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Announced | January 3, 2019 | June 8, 2022[153] | April 25, 2017 | September 29, 2020[155] | |
Throughput | 600 MP/s | 1.2 GP/s | |||
Support cameras | 4 | 8 | 4 real-time or 16 virtual | ||
Max resolution | 4608×3456 (16 MP) | 8192×6144 (48 MP) | 4096×4096 (16MP) | ||
Bit-depth (dynamic range) | 20-bit (20 stops) | 24-bit (24 stops) | |||
Channel support | RGGB, RGBlr | RGGB | RGGB, RCCC, RGBIr, RCCB, RCCG | RGGB, RCCC, RCCB, RCCG, RGBIr | |
up to 16 channels | |||||
ASILcompliance | ASIL B / SIL 2
ASIL D / SIL 3 |
The Lima, Panfrost and Panthor FOSS drivers[edit]
On January 21, 2012,Phoronixreported thatLuc Verhaegenwas driving a reverse-engineering attempt aimed at the Mali series of GPUs, specifically the Mali 200 and Mali 400 versions. The project was known asLimaand targeted support forOpenGL ES2.0.[156]The reverse-engineering project was presented atFOSDEM,February 4, 2012,[157][158]followed by the opening of a website[159]demonstrating some renders. On February 2, 2013, Verhaegen demonstratedQuake III Arenain timedemo mode, running on top of the Lima driver.[160]In May 2018, a Lima developer posted the driver for inclusion in the Linux kernel.[161]In May 2019, the Lima driver became part of the mainline Linux kernel.[162]TheMesa userspacecounterpart was merged at the same time. It currently supportsOpenGL ES1.1, 2.0 and parts of DesktopOpenGL2.1, and the fallback emulation in MESA provides full support for graphical desktop environments.[163]
Panfrost is a reverse-engineered driver effort for Mali Txxx (Midgard) and Gxx (Bifrost) GPUs. Introducing Panfrost[164]talk was presented at X.Org Developer's Conference 2018. As of May 2019, the Panfrost driver is part of the mainline Linux kernel.[165]and MESA. Panfrost supportsOpenGL ES2.0, 3.0 and 3.1, as well as OpenGL 3.1.[166]
LaterCollaborahas developed[167]panthordriver for G310, G510, G710 GPUs.
See also[edit]
- Adreno– GPU developed by Qualcomm (formerly AMD, then Freescale)
- Atom family of SoCs– with Intel graphics core, not licensed to third parties
- AMD mobile APUs– with AMD graphics core, licensed to Samsung[168]
- PowerVR– by Imagination Technologies
- Tegra– family of SoCs byNvidiawith the graphics core available as a SIP block to third parties
- VideoCore– family of SoCs byBroadcomwith the graphics core available as a SIP block to third parties
- Vivante– available as SIP block to third parties
- Imageon– oldAMDmobile GPU
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External links[edit]
- Graphics Processing from ARMwebsite
- Mali Developer CenterArchived2017-01-07 at theWayback Machinea developer focused site run by ARM
- V500
- V550
- Lima driver