Malwa culture

This article is about the Chalcolithic archaeological culture in Central India. For the present-day culture of this region, seeMalwa § Culture.

TheMalwa culturewas aChalcolithicarchaeological culturewhich existed in theMalwaregion of Central India and parts ofMaharashtrain theDeccan Peninsula.It is mainly dated toc. 1600– c. 1300BCE,but calibratedradiocarbon dateshave suggested that the beginning of this culture may be as early asc.2000-1750 BCE.

Ceramic goblet from Navdatoli, Malwa, 1300 BCE.

This culture is characterized by the increasing dominance of the agricultural way of life, but also incorporated pastoralist and hunting groups. The people cultivated wheat, barley, legumes, and later rice, and domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. At most of the settlements, there is no evidence of urban planning, rather a "haphazard" distribution of houses, but some of the largest sites have evidence of planned settlement, large houses, and public architecture. Most dwellings were round huts made fromwattle-and-daub.There are also small round huts used for storing grain, and large rectangular structures which may have been used for religious performances.

Their pottery was red or orange, and painted with geometric, floral, animal, and human designs in black. Copper and stone were used to make tools. Beads ofsemi-precious stoneshave been found. Objects made from seashells indicate trade with coastal communities inGujarat,such asBharuch.Evidence of religion includes bull idols, worship of trees, snakes, and goddesses, and altars for fire sacrifices.

Sites of the Malwa Culture includeDaimabad,Inamgaon,Kayatha,Nagda,Vidisha,Eran,Mandsaur,andNavdatoli(nearMaheshwar).

It is preceded by theKayatha,Ahar-Banas,andSavaldacultures, and succeeded by theJorwe cultureand theBlack and red ware culture.

See also

• History of Madhya Pradesh
• Pottery in the Indian subcontinent