Manatunga
Manatunga | |
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 Modern statue of Manatunga tied up with chains and locks | |
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| Born | 7th century CE |
| Religion | Jainism |
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| Jainism |
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AcharyaManatunga(c. seventh century CE) was the author of theJainprayerBhaktamara Stotra.[1]His name only appears in the last stanza of the said prayer. He is also credited with composing anotherŚvetāmbarahymn titledNamiun Stotra or Bhayahara Stotra,an adoration ofParshvanatha.[2][3]
According to a Digambar legend, Manatunga composed theBhaktamara Stotrawhen he was locked up in prison for failing to appear before the royal court of KingBhoja.AŚvetāmbaralegend as stated in the 14th century textPrabandha-Chintamanisays that he was locked up to test the mantric powers ofŚvetāmbara Jainmonks.[4]As he composed each stanza of theBhaktamara Stotra,the 44 (Śvetāmbaratradition) or 48 (Digambaratradition) locks of his chain were broken one by one.[5][2]
TheŚvetāmbaraliterature contains extensively described biographies of Acharya Manatungsuri. The oldest mention of the legend of the composition of theBhaktāmara Stotrais in Acharya Prabhachandrasuri'sPrabhavakacaritawritten in 1277 AD.[6]
Biography
[edit]According toPrabhavakacarita,he was born inVaranasi.His father's name has been mentioned asBrahmakshatriya Dhandev.He was initiated by Acharya Jinsinhsuri of the VanvaasiGacchaof theŚvetāmbara Murtipujaksect. The place where he composed theBhaktāmara Stotrais alsoVaranasias stated in the 13th century text.[6]The details provided inPrabhavakacaritaare also corroborated by thePattavaliofŚvetāmbaras.
The second oldest mention of Manatungsuri is again a piece ofŚvetāmbaraliterature, the 1305 textPrabandha-Chintamaniauthored byMerutungasuri.[4]Another mention is also found in Acharya Gunakarsuri'sBhaktamar Stotra Vrittiwritten in 1370 AD.[3]
Earliest mentions of Acharya Manatungsuri inDigambaraliterature can only be dated to 1665 AD inBhaktamar CharitbyBhattaraka Vishwabhushan.DigambaraPattavalis,including the most popular ones like the one atShravanabelagola Digambara templedo not mention Acharya Manatungsuri.
References
[edit]- ^Vijay K. Jain 2013,p. 193.
- ^abDalal 2010,p. 754.
- ^abBhaktamar-Kalyanmandir-Namiun-Stotratrayam(PDF)(in Gujarati, Hindi, and English) (1st ed.). Bombay: Sheth Devchand Lalbhai Jain Pustakoddhar Fund Series, No. 79. 1932. p. 228.
- ^abJaineLibrary, Anish Visaria."Search, Seek, and Discover Jain Literature".jainqq.org.Retrieved15 April2024.
- ^Jackson, Abraham Valentine Williams (1917).Indo-Iranian Series.
- ^abJaineLibrary, Anish Visaria."Search, Seek, and Discover Jain Literature".jainqq.org.Retrieved15 April2024.
Further reading
[edit]- Dalal, Roshen(2010) [2006],The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths,Penguin books,ISBN978-0-14-341517-6
- Jain, Vijay K.(2012),Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya: Realization of the Pure Self, With Hindi and English Translation,Vikalp Printers,ISBN978-81-903639-4-5,
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain. - Jain, Vijay K.(2013),Ācārya Nemichandra's Dravyasaṃgraha,Vikalp Printers,ISBN9788190363952,This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
External links
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Media related toManatungaat Wikimedia Commons
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