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Mangala Valles

Coordinates:11°36′S151°00′W/ 11.6°S 151.0°W/-11.6; -151.0
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Mangala Valles
The Mangala Valles and Mangala Fossa
(THEMISimage)
Coordinates11°36′S151°00′W/ 11.6°S 151.0°W/-11.6; -151.0
Length828.0 km

TheMangala Vallesare a complex system of criss-crossing channels onMars,located in theTharsis regionand in theMemnonia quadrangle.They originated in theHesperian and Amazonian epochs.They are thought to be anoutflow channelsystem, carved by catastrophic floods, and the release of vast quantities of water across the Martian surface. This flooding was probably initiated bytectonicstretching and the formation of agraben,Mangala Fossa,at the channels' head, perhaps breaching a pressurizedaquifertrapped beneath a thick "cryosphere"(layer of frozen ground) beneath the surface.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The Mangala Valles contain several basins; after they filled, the overflow went through a series of spillways.[8][9]One source of waters for the system was the Memonia Fossae, but water also probably came from a large basin centered at 40 degrees S.[10][11]

A recent study that used photogeologic analysis, geomorphic surface mapping, cratering statistics, and relative stratigraphy, demonstrated that the Mangala Valles were flooded by water at least twice and covered with lava at least three times during the Late Amazonian.[12]The presence of scoured bedrock at the base of the mapped stratigraphy, together with evidence from crater retention ages, suggests that fluvial activity came before lava flows. These alternating periods of aqueous flooding and volcanism are similar to that of other outflow systems on Mars, such asRavi Vallisand theKasei Valles.[13]

There are wind-sculpted ridges, oryardangs,covering many of the surfaces in the Mangala Valles region.[14][15]

"Mangala"is the name forMarsinJyotish (or Hindu) astrology.

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The Mangala Valles and Mangala Fossa (USGSmaps)
Context
Close-up
Topographic maps(MOLA) –Memnonia regionofMars(left); and a close-up (right) of the location ofMangala Fossaand the source of the Mangala Vallesoutflow channels.
  • A streamlined island within the Mangala Valles, as seen by THEMIS.
    A streamlined island within the Mangala Valles, as seen byTHEMIS.
  • The Mangala Valles, as seen by HiRISE.
    The Mangala Valles, as seen byHiRISE.
  • Streamlined feature in the Mangala Valles, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program. Many dark slope streaks are visible. Location is Memnonia quadrangle.
    Streamlined feature in the Mangala Valles, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program. Manydark slope streaksare visible. Location isMemnonia quadrangle.
  • Part of the Mangala Valles, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program. Location is Memnonia quadrangle.
    Part of the Mangala Valles, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program. Location isMemnonia quadrangle.
  • The Mangala Valles (THEMIS image)
    The Mangala Valles (THEMISimage)
  • The Mangala Valles head region (THEMIS image)
    The Mangala Valles head region (THEMISimage)

In fiction

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  • The Mangala Valles are referred to inMichael Crichton's bookSphere.
  • InStephen Baxter's novelVoyage,they are the location of the first crewed Mars landing.
  • They are mentioned inTerry Pratchett's andStephen Baxter's novelThe Long Mars.
  • They are also the location of the first crewed Mars base inCodex Regius (1999).Horsemen of Mars.ISBN978-1499274578.

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toMangala Valles.

References

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  1. ^"Mars Channels and Valleys".Msss.Retrieved13 January2015.
  2. ^Michael H. Carr (2006).The surface of Mars.Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0-521-87201-0.Retrieved21 March2011.
  3. ^Carr, M. 1979. Formation of martian flood features by release of water from confined aquifers. Journal of Geophysical Research 84: 2995-3007.
  4. ^Hanna, J. and R. Phillips. 2005. Tectonic pressurization of aquifers in the formation of Mangala and Athabasca Valles on Mars. LPSC XXXVI. Abstract 2261.
  5. ^Ghatan, Gil J.; Head, James W.; Wilson, L.; Leask, H.J. (2004)."Mangala Valles, Mars: Investigations of the Source of Flood Water and Early Stages of Flooding - Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV (2004)"(PDF).Lunar and Planetary Institute.Retrieved6 December2015.
  6. ^Leask, Harald J.; Wilson, Lionel; Mitchell, Karl L. (24 February 2007)."Formation of Mangala Fossa, the source of the Mangala Valles, Mars: Morphological development as a result of volcano-cryosphere interactions"(PDF).Journal of Geophysical Research.112(E02011): E02011.Bibcode:2007JGRE..112.2011L.doi:10.1029/2005JE002644.S2CID14798124.
  7. ^Leask, Harald J.; Wilson, Lionel; Mitchell, Karl L. (4 August 2007)."Formation of Mangala Valles outflow channel, Mars: Morphological development and water discharge and duration estimates"(PDF).Journal of Geophysical Research.112(E08003): E08003.Bibcode:2007JGRE..112.8003L.doi:10.1029/2006JE002851.
  8. ^Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.). 2010. Lakes on Mars. Elsevier. NY.
  9. ^Emrick, C. and R. De Hon. 1999. Flood discharge through Labou Vallis, Mars. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXX: Abstract #1893.
  10. ^Zimbelman, J. et al. 1992. Volatile history of Mangala Valles, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research 97: 18309-18317
  11. ^De Hon, R. 1994. Lacustrine sedimentation in lower Mangals Valles. Mars Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXVII: 295-296
  12. ^Keske, Amber L.; Hamilton, Christopher W.; McEwen, Alfred S.; Daubar, Ingrid J. (2015)."Episodes of fluvial and volcanic activity in Mangala Valles, Mars".Icarus.245:333–347.Bibcode:2015Icar..245..333K.doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.040.PMC5701667.PMID29176911.
  13. ^Leask, Harald J.; Wilson, Lionel; Mitchell, Karl L. (13 June 2006)."Formation of Ravi Vallis outflow channel, Mars: Morphological development, water discharge, and duration estimates"(PDF).Journal of Geophysical Research.111(E8): E08070.Bibcode:2006JGRE..111.8070L.doi:10.1029/2005JE002550.
  14. ^"Catalog Page for PIA03827".Photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov.Retrieved13 January2015.
  15. ^"The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery".Uapress.arizona.edu. Archived fromthe originalon 4 October 2014.Retrieved13 January2015.
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