Marcelling

Marcellingis ahair stylingtechnique in which hotcurling tongsare used to induce a curl into the hair.^[1]^[2]Its appearance was similar to that of afinger wavebut it is created using a different method.

Marcelled hair was a popular style for women's hair in the 1920s,^[2]often in conjunction with abob cut.^[2]For those women who had longer hair, it was common to tie the hair at the nape of the neck and pin it above the ear with a stylish hair pin or flower. One famous wearer wasJosephine Baker.^[3]

History[edit]

Accounts vary about the invention of the style, butMarcel Grateau(October 18, 1852 – May 31, 1936) is widely credited with inventing the hair styling technique in the 1870s (differing accounts report 1872 or 1875).^[3]^[4]^[5]The inventor and stylist emigrated to the United States and changed his name toFrançois Marcel Woelfflé,sometimes reported asFrançois Marcel.^[6]^[2]He was granted U.S. patents for implements for performing the technique; the first, U.S. patent 806386, entitled "Curling-Iron", was published in 1905,^[7]and the second, entitled "Hair-Waving Iron", for an electric version, under the name François Marcel, was published in 1918.^[6]His obituary appeared under the name Francois Marcel Grateau in 1936.^[2]

In popular culture[edit]

In the 1914 song "By the Beautiful Sea",the female protagonist is said to have a job marcelling hair.^[8]

The song "Keep Young and Beautiful",popular in 1934, references the hairstyle.^[9]

Thedoo-wopgroupthe Marcelswere named after the hairstyle.^[10]^[11]

British comedianKenny Everettportrayed an over the top French stereotype by the name of Marcel Wave in his TV series.

In the filmSome Like It Hot,actorTony Curtisstood up his girl who complains she just had her hair marcelled.

References[edit]

Citations

^Staples, Dorothy (2010).Time revisited: a memoir.S.l: Iuniverse Inc. p. 18.ISBN 978-1-4502-2902-9.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e"The Marcel Wave".1920-30.Retrieved29 August2012.
^^a ^bSherrow 2006,p.257
^Vetica, Robert (2009).Good to Great Hair: Celebrity Hairstyling Techniques Made Simple.Beverly, Mass: Fair Winds Press. p.77.ISBN 978-1-59233-357-8.
^"Marcel".Oxford University Press. Archived fromthe originalon 5 September 2013.Retrieved19 August2012.
^^a ^bUS patent 1277739
^US patent 806386
^"By the Beautiful Sea, Lyrics".
^Sherrow 2006,p.258
^Morrow, Cousin Brucie; Maloof, Rich (2007).Doo Wop: The Music, the Times, the Era.New York: Sterling Pub. p.152.ISBN 978-1-4027-4276-7.
^Goldberg, Marv (2009)."The Marcels".Retrieved19 August2012.

Works cited

Sherrow, Victoria (2006).Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History.Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.ISBN 0-313-33145-6.

External links[edit]

Media related toMarceled hairat Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition ofmarcellingat Wiktionary

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[1] Staples, Dorothy (2010).Time revisited: a memoir.S.l: Iuniverse Inc. p. 18.ISBN 978-1-4502-2902-9.

[1920-30-2] "The Marcel Wave".1920-30.Retrieved29 August2012.

[encyc-of-hair-3] Sherrow 2006,p.257

[4] Vetica, Robert (2009).Good to Great Hair: Celebrity Hairstyling Techniques Made Simple.Beverly, Mass: Fair Winds Press. p.77.ISBN 978-1-59233-357-8.

[5] "Marcel".Oxford University Press. Archived fromthe originalon 5 September 2013.Retrieved19 August2012.

[uspatent1277739-6] US patent 1277739

[7] US patent 806386

[8] "By the Beautiful Sea, Lyrics".

[9] Sherrow 2006,p.258

[10] Morrow, Cousin Brucie; Maloof, Rich (2007).Doo Wop: The Music, the Times, the Era.New York: Sterling Pub. p.152.ISBN 978-1-4027-4276-7.

[11] Goldberg, Marv (2009)."The Marcels".Retrieved19 August2012.

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