Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Bavaria
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| Maria Theresa of Austria-Este | |
|---|---|
 Queen Maria Theresac. 1910–15 | |
| Queen consort of Bavaria | |
| Tenure | 5 November 1913 – 7 November 1918 |
| Born | 2 July 1849 Brünn,Austrian Empire |
| Died | 3 February 1919(aged 69) Wildenwart Castle,Chiemgau,Bavaria,Germany |
| Spouse | |
| Issue More |
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| House | Austria-Este |
| Father | Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este |
| Mother | Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria |
Maria Theresa Henriette Dorothea of Austria-Este(alsoMarie Therese;2 July 1849 – 3 February 1919) was the lastQueen of Bavaria.She was the only child ofArchduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-EsteandArchduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria.
Biography[edit]
On 20 February 1868, she married PrinceLudwig,eldest son of Bavaria'sPrince Regent Luitpold,in theAugustinerkirchein Vienna. The couple had fallen in love during a visit of Ludwig to Austria to attend the burial of ArchduchessMathilda.Their decision to marry initially angered the Emperor, who had wished for her to marryFerdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany.The chief witness was Count AntoniusSchaffgotsch.
The family mostly lived on their farms at Leutstetten south of Munich, where Maria Theresa cultivated rose gardens.
Maria Theresa became queen consort ofBavariain 1913 when her husband the ruling Prince Regent proclaimed himself king as Ludwig III in place of his living but insane cousin KingOtto.She became the first Catholic queen in Bavaria since Bavaria was made a kingdom 1806. She spoke German, Hungarian, Czech, French, and Italian.
In 1914, she hosted festivities during the royalBavarian jubilee.She appeared with her husband when war was announced. DuringWorld War I,she visited wounded soldiers and encouraged the women of Bavaria to support the troops by providing food and clothes, including with the donations references to legendary heroines.
On 7 November 1918, Ludwig III was forced toabdicate the Bavarian throne,and Maria Theresa fled Munich with her family to Wildenwart Castle nearFrasdorf,in order to escape from theBolsheviks.The health of the Queen soon declined and she died there on 3 February 1919, being buried at the local chapel. On 5 November 1921 her remains were transferred to thecathedral of Munichalong with those of her husband, who died less than a month before.
Jacobite succession[edit]
Maria Theresa was the niece and heir of the childlessFrancis V, Duke of Modenawho had been, at the time of his death, theJacobiteheir-general to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland; as such, she became the heiress after his death in 1875. Neither she, nor any of her Jacobite forebears since 1807, ever seriously pursued this claim. Following her death in 1919, Maria Theresa's sonRupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavariainherited the Jacobite claim. Like his mother, he and his descendants have not pursued a claim to the British thrones.
Family[edit]
On 20 February 1868, at theAugustinian Church, Vienna,Maria Theresa married the futureLudwig III,lastking of Bavaria.
The couple had thirteen children:
- Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria(18 May 1869 – 2 August 1955).
- Princess Adelgunde(17 October 1870 – 4 January 1958), married on 20 January 1915 toPrince Wilhelm of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
- Princess Maria(6 July 1872 – 10 June 1954), married on 31 May 1897 toPrince Ferdinando Pius, Duke of Calabria.
- Prince Karl(1 April 1874 – 9 May 1927).
- Prince Franz(10 October 1875 – 25 January 1957), married on 8 July 1912 toPrincess Isabella Antonie of Croÿ.Had issue.
- Princess Mathilde(17 August 1877 – 6 August 1906), married on 1 May 1900 toPrince Ludwig of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
- Prince Wolfgang Maria Leopold (2 July 1879 – 31 January 1895).
- Princess Hildegarde (5 March 1881 – 2 February 1948).
- Princess Notburga (19 March 1883 – 24 March 1883).
- Princess Wiltrud (10 November 1884 – 28 March 1975), married on 26 November 1924 toWilhelm, Duke of Urach.
- Princess Helmtrud (22 March 1886 – 23 June 1977).
- Princess Dietlinde (2 January 1888 – 14 February 1889), lived 13 months.
- Princess Gundelinde (26 August 1891 – 16 August 1983), married on 23 February 1919 to Johann Georg, Count von Preysing-Lichtenegg-Moos.
Honours[edit]
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Kingdom of Bavaria:Grand Mistress of theOrder of Saint ElizabethandOrder of Theresa(19 October 1872), the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown, the Cross of Merit for the Year 1870/71, the Cross of Merit for Voluntary Nursing
Spain:Dameof theOrder of Queen Maria Luisa
Austrian Empire:Dame of theOrder of the Starry Cross(10 January 1865) andOrder of Elizabeth,1st Class
Prussia:Red Cross Medal,1st Class (27 January 1899)[1]
Ancestry[edit]
References[edit]
- ^"Rote Kreuz-Medaille",Königlich Preussische Ordensliste(in German), Berlin, 1895, p.268– via hathitrust.org
{{citation}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Bibliography[edit]
- Schad, Martha.Bayerns Königinnen.Regensburg:Friedrich Pustet,1992. Includes a 75-page chapter on Marie Therese.
- Beckenbauer, Alfons.Ludwig III. von Bayern, 1845-1921, Ein König auf der Suche nach seinem Volk.Regensburg: Friedrich Pustet, 1987. The standard modern biography of Marie Therese's husband.
- Glaser, Hubert.Ludwig III. König von Bayern: Skizzen aus seiner Lebensgeschichte.Prien: Verkerhrsverband Chiemsee, 1995. An illustrated catalogue of an exhibition held in Wildenwart in 1995.
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