Marvel UK

Marvel UK

Company logotype
Company type	Private
Industry	Publishing
Genre	Science fiction,action,superhero
Founded	1972(1972)
Defunct	1995(1995)
Key people	Neil Tennant,Dez Skinn,John Freeman,Paul Neary
Products	Comics
Parent	Marvel Comics Panini Comics

Marvel UKwas animprintofMarvel Comicsformed in 1972 to reprintUS-produced stories for theBritishweekly comic market. Marvel UK later produced original material by British creators such asAlan Moore,John Wagner,Dave Gibbons,Steve Dillon,andGrant Morrison.

There were a number of editors in charge of overseeing the UK editions. Although based in the United States,Tony Isabellaoversaw the establishment of Marvel UK. He was succeeded by UK-based editors Peter L. Skingley (a.k.a. Peter Allan) and then Matt Softly – both of whom were women who adopted malepen namesfor the job (in reality, they were Petra Skingley and Maureen Softly).They were then replaced byNeil Tennant,who later found fame with the pop group thePet Shop Boys.Nick Laing succeeded him, but with a turbulent market and falling sales, Laing was let go andDez Skinntook over.Paul Nearywas editor in chief in 1995, when Marvel UK was shut down.

Panini Comicsobtained the license to print Marvel material in 1995 and took over the UK office's remaining titles.

Publishing history

Predecessors

AfterWorld War II,the UK was intent on promoting homegrown publishers, and thus banned the direct importation ofAmericanperiodicals, including comic books; that ban was lifted in 1959.The British companyThorpe & Porterbecame the sole UK distributor of bothDCand Marvel comics. Thus it was that in the early 1960s brand-new American-printed copies ofFantastic Four#1,Amazing Fantasy#15, and countless others appeared in the UK.Alan Class Comicsalso reprinted select Marvel superhero stories during this period. Thorpe & Porter, however, went bankrupt in 1966and was purchased byIndependent News Distributors(IND), the distribution arm ofNational Periodical Publications(DC Comics).As a result, T & P's output became almost exclusively reprints of DC titles.

At that point, in early 1966,Odhams Press(a division ofIPC Magazines) acquired the Marvel license, and reprints of American Marvel superhero material — including theHulk,theFantastic Four,Spider-Man,Thor,and theX-Men— began to be published in the UK in Odhams'Power Comicsline of titles. Titles such asWham!,Smash!,andPow!featured a mix of Marvel reprints and original UK comics; while the titlesFantasticandTerrificwere dominated by Marvel superhero stories. This arrangement lasted till March 1969, when the last Marvel strip was removed fromSmash!.

Beginning about a year and a half later, from late November 1970 to late September 1971, reprints of Spider-Man and theSilver Surferappeared inTV21,published byCity Magazines(a company closely associated with IPC). From that point, no Marvel titles were being regularly reprinted in the UK(although IPC released aMarvel Annual,featuring Marvel superhero reprints, in autumn 1972).

Origins:MWOMandSpider-Man Comics Weekly

In 1972, seeing a gap in the popular weekly comics market of theUK,Marvel Comicsformed their own British publishing arm,Marvel UK(under the corporate name ofMagazine ManagementLondon Ltd.). Though publishing comics in the UK for a British audience, Marvel UK was under the editorial direction of Marvel's New York offices, overseen by the then 21-year-old American writer/editorTony Isabella.Pippa Melling (née King),a British former staffer atOdhamswho was familiar with the adjustments needed to transform stories from the monthly American comics to the weekly British ones, was employed on a six-month contract to help set the whole thing up.

Marvel UK started withThe Mighty World of Marvel,which featured mainly black-and-white art with spot colouring (except for the front and back pages which were in full colour). Originally the weekly comic was created by slicing up storylines from the monthly American versions ofThe Incredible Hulk,The Amazing Spider-Man,and theFantastic Four.

A few months laterSpider-Man Comics Weeklywas released. Again this carried on reprinted AmericanSpider-Manmaterial originally started inMWOM,with the adventures ofThorstarting as a back-up feature. The new title allowed an entire issue of the USThe Amazing Spider-Manto be reprinted every week in the UK publication. Both of these initial series were huge successes and became the mainstays of the Marvel UK lineup;The Mighty World Of Marvel,in one form or another, was published continuously until 1984, while the Spider-Man weekly comic (under many different name changes) would continue until 1985.

Expansion: Skingley and Softly era

In 1973, the US-based editor Isabella was replaced by the UK-based Petra Skingley (credited in the comics as "Peter L. Skingley" and "Peter Allan." )That year, Marvel UK launchedThe Avengers— starting with material from issue #4 of the US series which reintroducedCaptain America(issues #1-3 had been reprinted inThe Mighty World of Marvel). The new title introduced glossy covers around a smaller 36-page comic, down from the previous 40-page format ofMWOMandSpider-Man Comics Weekly.Doctor Strangewas the back-up feature. Glossy covers were to be a distinctive feature of Marvel UK weeklies until the "Marvel Revolution" in 1979. The other two titles also changed to this new format. InSpider-Manthe decrease to 36 pages marked the reduction of Spider-Man material so that now only half a US issue was reproduced in the UK weekly, andIron Manwas added to the lineup. (MWOMandSMCWhad started at 40 pages but dropped to 32 before the launch ofThe Avengers.)

In 1974 two new weeklies were added that departed from the usual superhero fare. These wereDracula Lives!andPlanet of the Apes,the latter reprinting material from the American black & whiteMarvel Monster Groupbrand. In 1976Dracula Lives!was canceled and merged withPlanet of the Apesas of issue #88. The Apes adventures lasted until 1977, the final months as a co-feature with theHulk,inMWOMfrom issue #231. The non-superhero launches continued in early 1975 asSavage Sword of Conanwas added as a weekly title.

In March 1975, Marvel UK launched a new weekly title calledThe Super-Heroes(simultaneously withSavage Sword of Conan). Although it originally starred popular characters like theSilver Surferand theX-Men,The Super-Heroeseventually began reprinting stories starring such obscure characters asDoc Savage,Ant-Man,The Cat,Scarecrow,andBloodstone.Maureen Softly (using her son's name Matt in the credits).replaced Skingley as editor in late 1975.

Marvel UK's fifth superhero title, also debuting in 1975 (October), wasThe Titans,which was notable for its use of a "landscape" orientation. Although this format allowed two pages of Marvel U.S. artwork to fit onto one (magazine-sized) Marvel UK page, reader reaction was mixed, as it made the text small and often difficult to read.The Titansfeatured well-known characters like Captain America,Captain Marvel,theSub-Mariner,theInhumans,andNick Fury.

The Super-Heroeslasted fifty issues before being canceled in early 1976, at which point it was merged intoSpider-Man Comics Weekly(which changed its title toSuper Spider-Man with the Super-Heroes). At this point, the book also changed orientation to become a landscape-format comic likeThe Titans.The aforementionedTitanstitle ran 58 issues until late 1976, when it too was canceled. Towards the end of its run, the Avengers were moved over fromThe Mighty World of Marvelto beThe Titans'lead strip. As withThe Super-Heroes,withThe Titans'cancellation it was merged with the weekly Spider-Man comic (which changed its title again, toSuper Spider-Man and the Titans).

Tennant and Laing era

Marvel UK began to establish itself as a major publisher of weekly comic titles (along withD.C ThomsonandIPC) under the direction of editor-in-chiefNeil Tennant(later one of thePet Shop Boys). Tennant was responsible foranglicisingthe dialogue of the comics to suit British readers, and for indicating where women needed to be redrawn "more decently" for the British editions.

However, with the exception of some new covers drawn by Marvel Comics' American staff, no original material had yet been produced by Marvel UK.This changed in 1976 whenCaptain BritainWeeklywas launched, featuring a hero created for the British market.Captain Britain Weeklyfeatured new stories in colour as well as reprints ofNick FuryandFantastic Fourstrips as backup.It was initially a success but eventually combined with Marvel UK'sSpider-Manreprint titlefrom #39.

It was Neil Tennant's suggestion to create an original British Marvel war comic to compete with titles such asWarlordandBattle Picture Weekly.While no original material was commissioned the concept of a war comic found fruition asFurywhich ran from March to August 1977 before merging withMWOM.It reprintedSgt. Fury and his Howling CommandosandCaptain Savage and his Leatherneck Raiders.

Tenant left in 1977 and was replaced by Nick Laing. In early 1978, Laing oversaw the launch of Marvel UK'sStar Wars Weeklytitle, soon afterthe filmwas released in the UK. The weekly issues split the stories from the US monthly issues into smaller installments, and it usually took three weekly issues to complete a US monthly issue. In May 1980 the title became known asThe Empire Strikes Back Weekly,and in November 1980 it transformed into a monthly publication. Marvel UK'sStar Warscomic also published originalStar Warsstories by British creators as well as reprinting the US comics material. Many, but not all, of these original British stories were reprinted in the 1990s byDark Horse Comics.The format changed back to a weekly in June 1983 with the adaptation ofReturn of the Jedi(which also became the new name of the publication), and remained so until its last issue in 1986. Prior to theReturn of the Jedicomic, the strips in the UKStar Warscomics were printed in black and white, even those taken from the American color versions. The UK comics also reprinted several other supporting strips in each issue from other Marvel properties (such asThe Micronauts,Tales ofthe Watcher,Star-Lord,etc.). While the comic was in a weekly format, the supporting strips often made up the bulk of each issue.

Skinn era ( "The Marvel Revolution" )

By the late 1970s, sales of Marvel UK titles had begun to fall and it was on a visit to the UK thatStan LeeheadhuntedDez Skinnto revamp the ailing company.Knowing Skinn had significant experience in British comic publishing, Lee gave him the freedom to do what he felt best. Skinn had his own catchphrase in "Dez Sez," which was inspired by Lee's catchphrases from the 1960s.Skinn set out to change Marvel UK as he saw fit, dubbing the changes "The Marvel Revolution".Taking over in late 1978, the first major change he brought was to have original material produced by British creators.Many of these creators had already worked with Skinn on his titleThe House of Hammera few years earlier, plus some new young talent.

Skinn wrote: "[T]raditional British comics were at the time selling 150,000+ a week, firm sale, no returns. If Marvel and Spider-Man could look British enough for some of that to rub off, everybody would be happy... But fi xing the covers to resemble the non-glossy generic look of weekly anthology titles was one thing... Having" splash "pages and then five or six frames a page just didn't stack up againstWarlord,Action,Battle,and the rest with their nine to 12 a page. "So the US artwork was re-sized to fit several pages onto one and emulate the look of the more established UK boys' weeklies.

Skinn reasoned that Marvel superhero weeklies had been effectively competing with each other in an already crowded market. So while theSpider-Man Comicwas to be the flagship superhero comic (with Thor, Iron Man, Avengers, Fantastic Four, andNova),The Mighty World of Marvelwas re-launched asMarvel Comic,in the tradition of UK boys' adventure titles.Dracula,Conan the Barbarian,andSkull the Slayerjoined (or re-joined) established stripsDaredeviland Hulk (although the Hulk was replaced three issues after the re-launch byGodzilla,as the Hulk left for his own title).

The Hulk was a popular character –Rampage Weeklywhich starredThe Defendershad been added to Marvel's list of publications under Tennant's editorship as a second vehicle for the green giant – and now with his ownTV seriesSkinn saw the Hulk as the lead feature of another adventure style comic.Hulk Comicstarted out with originally produced Hulk stories bySteve Dillon,Paul Neary,andJohn Stokes,among others, which reflected the green-skinned behemoth as depicted on the TV. Skinn explained: "As withMarvel Comic,I was wanting an adventure anthology title more than a superhero one. Super-heroes had never been big sellers in the UK, we had plenty of legends of the past to spin fantasies about. So I went that route, picking existing Marvel characters who weren't really cut from the super-hero cloth. "Originally produced stories were included, such as Nick Fury drawn by Steve Dillon, andNight RavenbySteve ParkhouseandDavid Lloyd.Also included was theBlack Knight,a Marvel character revamped to take inArthurianconcepts, as well as feature the return of Captain Britain from comic book limbo. As well there was the usual US reprint material, such asAnt-Manand in later issues theBeastfromAmazing Adventures,and even The Defenders were moved in fromRampage Monthlyto increase the dose of Hulk action (a house ad showed a stern doctor holding out a handful of pills and saying, "Boredom is a sickness... and there's only one cure. More Hulk action!!!" ).

Arguably Skinn's most important decision was to launchDoctor Who Weeklyin 1979. Based on theBBCTV series (which at that point had already been running for 16 years),Doctor Who Weeklyfeatured original comics stories byJohn Wagner,Pat Mills,andDave Gibbons,among many others, plus articles and features on the show itself. It proved a huge success, and by now Skinn had transformed Marvel UK back to being a major publisher of not just weekly comics but monthly titles such asStarburst.Starbursthad been created by Skinn before he joined Marvel UK, but was purchased by Marvel when he joined the company.

Skinn left Marvel UK in 1980(eventually formingQuality Communicationsin 1982).

Pocket Books

In March 1980, as part of the "Marvel Revolution," Skinn launched the Marvel Pocket Books line with four 52-page titles. The line began withSpider-Man,theFantastic Four,Star Heroes(featuring TV tie-inBattlestar Galacticaand the toy-based strip the Micronauts continued from their previous run inStar Wars Weekly), andChiller(starringDraculaand theMan-Thingwith occasional appearance from other horror-related characters). Following Skinn's belief that much of Marvel's strongest material was that published in the 1960s and early 70s,many of these titles showcased strips from that period.

Skinn drew on the design of the traditional UK Picture Library titles (such asThriller Picture LibraryandWar Picture Library), which boomed in the 1960s, to establish a definitive look for the Pocket Books. Skinn wrote that they "emulated the look in theirCombat Picture Librarycovers... that was the look I wanted, to pull the line of pocket books together visually and make them different to any of our other titles... "

The first four titles were later joined byHulk,The Titans(reprinting the 1960s stories of Captain America, Thor and Iron Man),Marvel Classics Comics(featuring comic bookadaptationsof classic literature),Conan,andYoung Romance.Some titles were not a success in terms of sales:Hulk,Conan,The Titans,Marvel Classics Comics,andYoung Romancewere cancelled after 13 issues, whileStar Heroes(which had replaced The Micronauts with the originalX-Menfrom issue #10) was re-launched asX-Men Pocket Bookfrom #14. All other Pocket Books were cancelled after issue 28 in July/August 1982.

The Hulk strips continued in a newly launchedThe Incredible Hulk Weeklyand similarly the classic Fantastic Four strips resurfaced in a weekly title in October 1982. Both of these eventually folded intoSpider-Man,where the strips continued on and off until it changed intoThe Spider-Man Comic,aimed at younger readers. The classic Spider-Man material continued in the first few issues ofThe Daredevils.

1980s

In September 1981 Captain Britain got his own strip in the pages ofMarvel Superheroes(the by-then then firmly established monthly version ofThe Mighty World Of Marvel/Marvel Comic), as written byDave Thorpeand drawn byAlan Davis.(Thorpe left in 1982, to be replaced byAlan Moorein one of Moore's first major ongoing strips.) In October 1981, inspired by the success of itsDoctor Whotitle, Marvel UK began publishing a monthlyBlake's 7title, initially edited by Stewart Wales. However, as the television series itself went off the air in late 1981, the magazine itself lasted less than two years.

Despite a flurry of new weeklies post-Skinn (Forces in Combat,Marvel Team-Up,Future TenseandValour), by 1983 Marvel UK moved mainly to monthly titles such asThe Daredevils(featuring Moore and Davis'sCaptain Britain). Many of Marvel UK's titles wouldn't last long, however, before being combined or cancelled outright due to poor sales.

In January 1985 the first issue ofCaptain Britain Monthlyappeared with its titular strip written byJamie Delanoand drawn by Alan Davis. This title lasted 14 issues before cancellation and would prove to be Marvel UK's last major new title for several years. New material was still being produced, such as theZoidsstories (written byGrant Morrison) forSecret WarsandSpider-Man and Zoids,but not on the scale or diversity previously seen.

For the remainder of the 1980s the company published only a small handful of titles that appealed to superhero fans, but had considerable success on the UK newsstands with licensed titles such asCare Bears,Lady Lovely Locks,The Real Ghostbusters,ThunderCats,Transformers,and many others. These all featured original strips as well as some US reprints.

Transformers,in particular, was a major seller for Marvel UK, selling 200,000 copies a week at its height.Its main writer,Simon Furman,would eventually take over the Marvel US version of the title as well, and continues to work on the franchise to this day, though it is no longer published by either branch of Marvel Comics. The Marvel UKTransformersseries, running 332 issues, is, besidesBob Budiansky's run on the American comic, regarded as the most important collection of Transformers fiction.As such,Transformersremains one of Marvel UK's most important historical titles.(The Marvel UKTransformersseries was reprinted byTitan Booksin the 2000s with some omissions, notably all of the UK exclusive stories prior to issue 45. Although these have now been reprinted byIDW Publishingalong with the rest of the weekly and Annual stories as part ofThe Transformers Classics UKcollections.)

From 1988, it wasThe Real Ghostbustersthat became the top seller; it ran for 193 issues, four annuals, and aSlimerspinoff, and its characters were used to anchor several other titles likeWicked!andThe Marvel Bumper Comic.

In 1988, Marvel UK letterer/designerRichard Starkingspushed for the company to publish its ownUS-format comics,beginning withDragon's ClawsandDeath's Head(a spin-off character from Marvel UK'sTransformerstitle).The Sleeze Brothers(1989–1990) was a creator-owned title by John Carnell andAndy Lanning.It wasSteve Whitewho launched the first critically acclaimed volume ofKnights of Pendragon(1990–1991), written byDan AbnettandJohn Tomlinsonwith art byGary Erskine,which mixed superheroes andArthurianmyth. It also featured Captain Britain among many other Marvel Comics heroes, such as Iron Man.

Stripwas a short-lived comicsanthologypublished by Marvel UK in 1990. It ran for 20 issues (February - November 1990) and featured work by many British comics creators, includingAlan Grant,Ian Gibson,Pat Mills,Kevin O'Neill,Si SpencerandJohn Wagner. Strips includeMarshal Lawby Pat Mills and Kev O'Neill andGrimtoadby Grant, Wagner and Gibson.

By 1990, Marvel had told its UK branch that long miniseries were too expensive and that it should produce four-issue minis (John Freemanrecalled "some legal or distribution restriction in the US on publishing three-part miniseries, which the company would have preferred" )that would try out new characters. Freeman and Dan Abnett first wanted to reviveDeath's Head,give a miniseries toStripcharacterRourke of the Radlands,and spin-offDoctor Who Magazine'sAbslom Daakas an original character. This last one was dropped as Marvel feltDoctor Whowas "a 'dead' franchise and there was no value to Marvel in seeking to extend a brand they did not themselves own."

Neary era

Paul Nearybecame Marvel UK editor-in-chief circa 1990,appointed to revamp the company and make another attempt at the US market. As a stop-gap, he had two short-lived reprint titles created:HavocandMeltdown(which reprintedAkira).

The US-format titles began withDeath's Head II,a recreation ofSimon Furman's cyborg bounty hunter. The titles were set in the existing Marvel Universe but with more of a focus oncyberpunkyscience fictionand magic than the traditional superhero fare. Titles such asWarheads(wormhole-hopping mercenaries),Motormouth(laterMotormouth andKillpower,a streetwise girl and escaped genetically modified super-assassin hop around the universe having adventures) and a second volume ofKnights of Pendragon.These were all linked by plots featuring the organizationMys-Tech,a shadowy group ofFaustiansbent on world domination. Some of these titles were also reprinted in the UK anthologyOverkill.

At some point during Neary's run but before the market crash, Marvel UK was running low on money. They requested an emergency meeting withMarvel Entertainmentexecutives Bill Bevin and Terry Stewart to approve a £1m last-ditch strategy. While they got the money, writerSean Howewould later be told that Bevin was livid about being called to London for a mere one million, asking "why are you wasting my time?"

Neary instituted a deliberate policy to feature Marvel US guest-stars in the Marvel UK stories. However, they would only be featured on eleven pages, and these pages were designed to be able to cut from the main story; the eleven pages without the guest-star were run inOverkill.This policy was dropped after market research showed people expected to see superheroes in Marvel ( "that included watching a group of teenagers ripOverkillapart from behind a two-way mirror ", according to Freeman).Where US Marvel characters were featured, all the storylines were approved by the American editor in charge of that book.Some were more responsive than others to the outlines, with editors such asBobbie Chaseoffering useful feedback for Marvel UK's editors.Very few Marvel US comics referenced any of the original characters or major events that occurred within the Marvel UK comics, with an exception beingThe Incredible Hulkin August 1993.

Nevertheless, in the US, these comics were initially immensely successful, with some issues being reprinted to keep up with demand. Marvel UK massively expanded, andtrading cardswere made of their characters. During this flush period,Tom DeFalcorequested they make a new hero calledRed SquirrelMan.An entire sub-imprint calledFrontier Comicswas created in 1993, patterning itself after DC'sVertigo Comicsand Marvel UK even showed up at theLord Mayor's Showin 1993, with staff members dressed as superheroes and Death's Head II.

Despite a lineup that includedLiam Sharp,Simon Coleby,Bryan Hitch,Carlos Pacheco,Graham Marks,Salvador Larroca,Dan Abnett,and many others, too many titles were launched too quickly in a market which was already swamped by the early 1990s comics boom.In late 1993, Marvel UK would be devastated by the comics market glut and subsequent crash; on September 29, their new Director of Sales, Lou Bank, reported that they were being hurt by "inadequate display of product" at retail "[that] has hindered sale through" and that it was failed there was "simply no room to display" all the comics being made.

Dark Guard,Cyberspace 3000,Wild Thing,Black Axe,Super Soldiers,and the entire Frontier imprint were cancelled. A large number of projects in the works, from those just proposed to some that had been solicited, were also canceled. TheRed Mist 20:20crossover was killed so late thatRoid Rage#1, aSuper Soldiersspinoff, was canceled while at the printers.Mark Harrison'sLoose Cannonswas canceled shortly before it was meant to run (January 1994), despite being almost complete; was later put online by Harrison.Paul Neary toldComic Worldthat this was a "trimming of fat" to allow Marvel UK to focus its marketing efforts on "our strongest characters" and claimed the canceled projects would see the light of day in 1994.Two titles that did still run were spinoffs ofDeath's Head IIin November, with house ads brashly comparing them to other popular comicsas part of a marketing strategy to portray the new Marvel UK as a lean, hungry company that could hold its own against the larger (and implicitly duller) competition.

In 1994, Marvel UK had ceased publishing in the US market and was now only printing a handful of titles — mostly reprints — for the UK market, as well as licensed titles like the long-runningDoctor Who Magazine.Death's Head IIwas canceled at #16, of which distributor Capital only sold 7,400 copies. Various creators began looking elsewhere for work and Lou Banks left forDark Horse Comics.Neary planned a four-title relaunch of their US format line, includingNocturne(an updated Night Raven),The Golden Grenadier,and new titles for Captain Britain and Death's Head. (David Leach's proposal for Death's Head started as aThird Doctorjoke, "that we should completely overhaul him, reduce his power, lose the time travel aspect and set it in present-day England".)The Golden Grenadier would have been a 1950s superhero, agrenadier guardsmanwho worked for a secret organisation run bythe Queen Mother.The launch never took place.

Eventually,NocturneandClanDestinesaw print in America, whileWild Angels(aDark Angel/Wild Thing team-up) was published in Italy in black-and-white format.Loose Cannons,a canceled Warheads spin-off about the all-female Virago Troop, and painted byMark Harrison,was released online in 2005 by its own creator.

Panini takeover

Main article:Panini Comics

With the failure of its US titles the company was folded into Marvel'sPanini Comicsbusiness, who at the time was part ofMarvel Europe,and had already been reprinting American material across Europe for several years. Casualties of the merger included editor-in-chief Paul Neary and managing directorVincent Conran.

Thanks to this licensing deal, reprints of American Marvel Comics material continued to be published in the UK by Panini from the mid-1990s. They continued printing two existing Marvel UK titlesAstonishing Spider-ManandEssential X-Menand followed the continuity of the US comics, however it was approximately two–three years behind the current run in America. Each book contained approximately two or three Marvel US strips in one issue with possibly a "classic" comic printed as a substitute for a comic in the current run, whilst being priced at a reasonable level. In addition to this Panini continuedDoctor Who Magazine.

In addition to reprinting the mainstream US comics, Panini started publishing a monthly (later every three weeks) oversized comic, entitledThe Spectacular Spider-Man,for younger readers to accompanySpider-Man: The Animated Series,which began broadcasting in the UK in the mid-1990s. Initially, the stories were simply reprints of the US comics based on the series, but eventually the title moved to all-new UK-originated stories, marking the first Marvel UK material featuring classic Marvel characters to be produced since early 1994.

Eventually, the Marvel UK logo itself was dropped. One of the final comics to have it was a licensedRugratscomic in May 1996.Doctor Who Magazinecontinued to carry the Marvel UK logo and indicia up to the December 1999 issue (#285), after which it was changed to only Panini UK.

Publications

Main article:List of Marvel UK publications

Timeline of Marvel UK publications in the 1970s

References

Sources

• Marvel UKat theGrand Comics Database
• Marvel UKat the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
• Marvel UK charactersat the Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
• Marvel UK titlesat the International Catalogue of Superheroes
• The Mighty World of Bronze Age British Marvel (1972–1979)

External links

• Marvel UKat the Comic Book DB (archived fromthe original)
• Panini Comics official site
• It Came From Darkmoor— blog dedicated to "the British corner of the Marvel Comics universe"