Maskarada (carnival of Soule)

Maskarada actors lying by the
bonfire atEskiula

2009 maskarada in Barkoxe

Themaskarada[mas̺ˈkaɾada]is an itinerant set of traditional dances, theatre acts and parades that takes place annually in different towns and villages across theBasqueregion ofSoule,France(ZuberoainBasque), during the time ofcarnival.It is generally referred to in the plural (maskaradak) as it is repeated across the region on the streets ofvillages(one day per village) over the span of a month or two in late winter through spring. The plays are performed by the villages' (usually younger) inhabitants, and the arrangements for each maskarada are the responsibility of each participating village. Sometimes, when two villages are very small, they will share arrangements together.

Though naturally the actors change from year to year, a friendly air of informality, formed of deep familiarity pervades throughout. The Maskaradak follow variations on very traditional themes that make use of time-honoured sets and age-old, immutable characters. A motley parade of musicians (atabal,ttun-ttunandxirulaplayers), traditional dancers and assorted actors, villagers and visitors walk merrily along a route that meanders up and down the village's streets.

At particular points of the parade, thebarrikadaktake place, where the marchers stop in front of a stall put there by the villagers, and bestow on them a dance, sometimes even a song, this in exchange for snacks (biscuits, crisps, and the like), and refreshments (wine and liquor), which is then shared with bystanders. The process is repeated over and over, perhaps lasting all day, from early in the morning till afternoon (with a popular lunch somewhere in the middle), until the end of the final performance at the parade terminus – usually the village market place orBasque pelotacourt.

Maskaradas represent a genuine example of traditional popular carnival theatre struggling to survive, much in step with the modest revival of the Basque language. It's connected topastoralin many aspects, such as recurrent fixed characters, a marked distinction in the group (e.g. the reds stand for the good, while the blacks represent the evil)or a rigid structuring and development. The language used by the actors remains bilingualZuberoanBasque,for the most part, andBearnais,despite some difficulties to hand either language over to new generations.

External links

• Comprehensive explanation of the souletin mascarade,by the Basque Cultural Institute.
• Maskaradak in Auñamendi Entziklopedia.Article in Spanish
• Maskarada in the village Altzürükü (2009)