May 4
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| 2015 (Monday) |
May 4is the 124th day of the year (125th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar;241 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 1256– TheAugustinianmonastic orderis constituted at theLecceto MonasterywhenPope Alexander IVissues apapal bullLicet ecclesiae catholicae.[1]
- 1415– Religious reformerJohn Wycliffeis condemned as ahereticat theCouncil of Constance.[2]
- 1436– Assassination of the Swedish rebel (later national hero)Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson(27 AprilO.S.).[3]
- 1471–Wars of the Roses:TheBattle of Tewkesbury:Edward IVdefeats aLancastrianArmy and killsEdward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.[4]
- 1493– In thepapal bullInter caetera,Pope Alexander VIdivides theNew Worldbetween Spain and Portugal along theLine of Demarcation.[5]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1626– Dutch explorerPeter Minuitarrives inNew Netherland(present dayManhattan Island) aboard theSee Meeuw.[6]
- 1738– TheImperial Theatrical School,the first ballet school in Russia, is founded.[7]
- 1776–Rhode Islandbecomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to KingGeorge III.[8]
- 1799–Fourth Anglo-Mysore War:TheBattle of Seringapatam:The siege ofSeringapatamends when the city is invaded andTipu Sultankilled by the besieging British army, under the command ofGeneral George Harris.[9]
- 1814– EmperorNapoleonarrives atPortoferraioon the island ofElbato begin his exile.[10]
- 1814 – King Ferdinand VII abolishes theSpanish Constitution of 1812,returning Spain toabsolutism.[11]
- 1836– Formation ofAncient Order of Hibernians.[12]
- 1859– TheCornwall Railwayopens across theRoyal Albert BridgelinkingDevonandCornwallin England.[13]
- 1869– The four-dayNaval Battle of Hakodatebegins. The newly formedImperial Japanese Navydefeats the remnants of theTokugawa shogunatenavy in theSea of Japanoff the city ofHakodate,leading to the surrender of theEzo Republicon May 17.[14]
- 1871– TheNational Association,the first professional baseball league, opens its first season inFort Wayne, Indiana.[15]
- 1886–Haymarket affair:In Chicago, United States, ahomemade bombis thrown atpoliceofficers trying to break up a labor rally, killing one officer. Ensuing gunfire leads to the deaths of a further seven officers and four civilians.[16]
1901–present
[edit]- 1904– The United States begins construction of thePanama Canal.
- 1910– TheRoyal Canadian Navyis created.[17]
- 1912– Italy occupies the Ottoman island ofRhodes.
- 1919–May Fourth Movement:Student demonstrations take place inTiananmen Squarein Beijing, China, protesting theTreaty of Versailles,which transferredChineseterritory to Japan.
- 1926– TheUnited Kingdomgeneral strikebegins.
- 1927– TheAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciencesis incorporated.[18]
- 1932– Having been incarcerated at theCook County Jailsince his sentencing on October 24, 1931,mobsterAl Caponeis transferred to thefederal penitentiary in Atlantaafter theU.S. Supreme Courtdenies his appeal for conviction oftax evasion.[19]
- 1942–World War II:TheBattle of the Coral Seabegins with an attack by aircraft from the United Statesaircraft carrierUSSYorktownonJapanesenaval forces atTulagiIsland in theSolomon Islands.The Japanese forces hadinvaded Tulagithe day before.
- 1945– World War II:Neuengamme concentration campnearHamburgis liberated by theBritish Army.
- 1945 – World War II: TheGerman surrender at Lüneburg Heathis signed, coming into effect the following day. It encompasses allWehrmachtunits in the Netherlands, Denmark and northwest Germany.
- 1946– InSan Francisco Bay,U.S. Marinesfrom the nearbyTreasure Island Naval Basestop atwo-day riotatAlcatraz Federal Penitentiary.Five people are killed in the riot.
- 1949– The entireTorinofootball team (except for two players who did not take the trip: Sauro Tomà, due to an injury and Renato Gandolfi, because of coach request) is killed ina plane crash.
- 1953–Ernest Hemingwaywins thePulitzer PrizeforThe Old Man and the Sea.
- 1959– The1st Annual Grammy Awardsare held.
- 1961–American civil rights movement:The "Freedom Riders"begin a bus trip through theSouth.
- 1961 –Malcolm RossandVictor Pratherattain a new altitude record for manned balloon flight ascending in theStrato-LabV open gondola to 113,740 feet (34.67 km).
- 1970–Vietnam War:Kent State shootings:TheOhio National Guard,sent toKent State Universityafter disturbances in the city of Kent the weekend before, opens fire killing four unarmed students and wounding nine others. The students were protesting theCambodian Campaignof the United States andSouth Vietnam.
- 1972– TheDon't Make A Wave Committee,a fledglingenvironmental organizationfounded in Canada in 1971, officially changes its name to "Greenpeace Foundation".
- 1973– The 108-storySears Towerin Chicago is topped out at 1,451 feet (442 m) as theworld's tallest building.[20]
- 1978– TheSouth African Defence Forceattacks aSWAPObase atCassingain southernAngola,killing about 600 people.[21]
- 1979–Margaret Thatcherbecomes the first femalePrime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- 1982– Twenty sailors are killed when the BritishType 42 destroyerHMSSheffieldis hit by anArgentinianExocetmissile during theFalklands War.
- 1988– ThePEPCON disasterrocksHenderson, Nevada,as tons ofSpace Shuttlefuel detonate during a fire.
- 1989–Iran–Contra affair:FormerWhite HouseaideOliver Northis convicted of three crimes and acquitted of nine other charges; the convictions are later overturned on appeal.
- 1989 –Space ShuttleAtlantislaunches on missionSTS-30to deploy theVenus-boundMagellanspace probe.[22]
- 1990–Latviadeclares independencefrom theSoviet Union.
- 1994– IsraeliPrime MinisterYitzhak RabinandPLOleaderYasser Arafatsigna peace accord,granting self-rule in theGaza StripandJericho.
- 1998– A federal judge inSacramento, California,gives "Unabomber"Theodore Kaczynskifour life sentences plus 30 years after Kaczynski accepts a plea agreement sparing him from thedeath penalty.
- 2000–Ken Livingstonebecomes thefirstMayor of London(an office separate from that of theLord Mayor of London).
- 2002– One hundred three people are killed and 51 are injured in aplane crashnearMallam Aminu Kano International AirportinKano,Nigeria.[23]
- 2007–Greensburg, Kansasis almost completely destroyed by a 1.7-mile wideEF5tornado.It was the first-ever tornado to be rated as such with the newEnhanced Fujita scale.
- 2014– Three people are killed and 62 injured in apair of bombingson buses inNairobi, Kenya.[24]
- 2019– The inaugural all-female motorsport series,W Series,takes place atHockenheimring.The race was won byJamie Chadwick,who would go on to becomethe inaugural season'schampion.[25]
- 2023– Nine people are killed and thirteen injured ina spree shootinginMladenovacandSmederevo,Serbia.It is the second mass shooting in the country in two days.[26][27][28]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 1006–Khwaja Abdullah Ansari,Persian mystic and poet (d. 1088)
- 1559–Alice Spencer,English noblewoman (d. 1637)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1634–Katherine Ferrers,English aristocrat and heiress (d. 1660)
- 1649–Chhatrasal,Indian ruler (d. 1731)
- 1655–Bartolomeo Cristofori,Italian instrument maker, invented thepiano(d. 1731)
- 1677–Françoise-Marie de Bourbon,French noblewoman (d. 1749)
- 1715–Richard Graves,English minister and author (d. 1804)
- 1733–Jean-Charles de Borda,French mathematician, physicist, and sailor (d. 1799)
- 1752–John Brooks,American soldier and politician, 11thGovernor of Massachusetts(d. 1825)
- 1757–Manuel Tolsá,Spanish sculptor and first director of theAcademy of San Carlosin Mexico City (d. 1816)
- 1767–Tyagaraja,Indian composer (d. 1847)
- 1770–François Gérard,French painter (d. 1837)
- 1772–Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus,German publisher (d. 1823)
- 1796–Horace Mann,American educator and politician (d. 1859)
- 1796 –William Pennington,American lawyer and politician, 13thGovernor of New Jersey,23rdSpeaker of the United States House of Representatives(d. 1862)
- 1796 –William H. Prescott,American historian and scholar (d. 1859)
- 1820–Julia Gardiner Tyler,American wife ofJohn Tyler,11thFirst Lady of the United States(d. 1889)
- 1820 –John Whiteaker,American soldier, judge, and politician, 1stGovernor of Oregon(d. 1902)
- 1822–Charles Boucher de Boucherville,Canadian physician and politician, 3rdPremier of Quebec(d. 1915)
- 1825–Thomas Henry Huxley,English biologist, anatomist, and academic (d. 1895)
- 1825 –Augustus Le Plongeon,English-American historian, photographer, and academic (d. 1908)
- 1826–Frederic Edwin Church,American painter (d. 1900)
- 1827–John Hanning Speke,English soldier and explorer (d. 1864)
- 1851–Thomas Dewing,American painter (d. 1938)
- 1852–Alice Liddell,English model (d. 1934)
- 1883–Wang Jingwei,Chinese politician (d. 1944)
- 1884–Richard Baggallay,English army officer and cricketer (d. 1975)[29]
- 1887–Andrew Dasburg,French-American painter (d. 1979)
- 1889–Francis Spellman,American cardinal (d. 1967)[30]
- 1890–Franklin Carmichael,Canadian painter (d. 1945)
1901–present
[edit]- 1902–Ronnie Aird,English cricketer and administrator (d. 1986)
- 1903–Luther Adler,American actor (d. 1984)
- 1905–Al Dexter,American country singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1984)
- 1907–Lincoln Kirstein,American soldier and playwright, co-founded theNew York City Ballet(d. 1996)
- 1907 –Walter Walsh,American target shooter andFBIagent (d. 2014)
- 1913–Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark(d. 2007)
- 1914–Maedayama Eigorō,Japanese sumo wrestler, the 39thYokozuna(d. 1971)
- 1916–Jane Jacobs,American-Canadian journalist, author, and activist (d. 2006)
- 1916 –Richard Proenneke,American soldier, carpenter, and meteorologist (d. 2003)
- 1917–Nick Joaquin,Filipino writer, journalist and historian (d. 2004)
- 1918–Kakuei Tanaka,Japanese soldier and politician, 64thPrime Minister of Japan(d. 1993)
- 1921–Edo Murtić,Croatian painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 2005)
- 1922–Eugenie Clark,American biologist and academic (d. 2015)
- 1923–Eric Sykes,British actor and comedian (d. 2012)
- 1925–Maurice R. Greenberg,American businessman and philanthropist
- 1928–Maynard Ferguson,Canadian trumpet player and bandleader (d. 2006)
- 1928 –Hosni Mubarak,Egyptian air marshal and politician, 4thPresident of Egypt(d. 2020)
- 1928 –Betsy Rawls,American golfer (d. 2023)
- 1929–Manuel Contreras,Chilean general (d. 2015)
- 1929 –Audrey Hepburn,Belgian-British actress and humanitarian (d. 1993)
- 1930–Katherine Jackson,matriarch of the Jackson family
- 1932–Harlon Hill,American football player and coach (d. 2013)
- 1937–Ron Carter,American bassist and educator
- 1937 –Dick Dale,American surf-rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter (d. 2019)
- 1938–Carlos Monsiváis,Mexican journalist, author, and critic (d. 2010)
- 1939–Amos Oz,Israeli journalist and author (d. 2018)
- 1940–Robin Cook,American physician and author
- 1941–George Will,American journalist and author
- 1943–Georgi Asparuhov,Bulgarian footballer (d. 1971)
- 1944–Russi Taylor,American voice actress (d. 2019)
- 1946–John Barnard,English car designer
- 1946 –Gary Bauer,American political activist
- 1946 –John Watson,British race car driver
- 1948– KingGeorge Tupou Vof Tonga, (d. 2012)
- 1951–Colin Bass,English bass player, songwriter, and producer
- 1951 –Colleen Hanabusa,American lawyer and politician
- 1951 –Jackie Jackson,American singer-songwriter and dancer
- 1952–Belinda Green,Australian beauty queen and 1972Miss World
- 1953–Pia Zadora,American actress and singer
- 1954–Ryan Cayabyab,Filipino pianist, composer, and conductor
- 1956–Ken Oberkfell,American baseball player and coach
- 1957–Kathy Kreiner,Canadian skier
- 1958–Keith Haring,American painter (d. 1990)
- 1958 –Caroline Spelman,English politician,Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
- 1959–Randy Travis,American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
- 1960–Werner Faymann,Austrian politician, 28thChancellor of Austria
- 1961–Jay Aston,English singer-songwriter and dancer
- 1967–Kate Garraway,English journalist
- 1967 –Ana Gasteyer,American actress and singer
- 1970–Will Arnett,Canadian actor and producer
- 1970 –Dawn Staley,American basketball player
- 1972–Mike Dirnt,American bass player and songwriter
- 1972 –Chris Tomlin,American singer-songwriter[31]
- 1973–Guillermo Barros Schelotto,Argentinian footballer and coach
- 1973 –John Madden,Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1974–Tony McCoy,Northern Irish jockey and sportscaster
- 1975–Kimora Lee Simmons,American model[32]
- 1978–Erin Andrews,American sportscaster and journalist
- 1978 –Igor Biscan,Croatian footballer and manager
- 1978 –James Harrison,American football player[33]
- 1979–Lance Bass,American singer, dancer, and producer
- 1979 –Lesley Vainikolo,Tongan rugby player
- 1980–Andrew Raycroft,Canadian ice hockey player
- 1981–Eric Djemba-Djemba,Cameroon footballer
- 1981 –Ruth Negga,Ethiopian-Irish actress[34][35]
- 1981 –Dallon Weekes,American singer-songwriter and musician
- 1983–Derek Roy,Canadian ice hockey player
- 1984–Brad Maddox,American wrestler and referee
- 1985–Ravi Bopara,English cricketer
- 1985 –Fernandinho,Brazilian footballer
- 1985 –Jamie Adenuga,English MC and rapper
- 1986–Devan Dubnyk,Canadian ice hockey player
- 1986 –George Hill,American basketball player
- 1987–Cesc Fàbregas,Spanish footballer and manager
- 1987 –Jorge Lorenzo,Spanish motorcycle racer
- 1988–Radja Nainggolan,Belgian footballer
- 1989–Rory McIlroy,Northern Irish golfer
- 1989 –James van Riemsdyk,American ice hockey player
- 1991–Brianne Jenner,Canadian women's ice hockey player
- 1992–Victor Oladipo,American basketball player
- 1994–Abi Masatora,Japanese sumo wrestler
- 1994 –Joseph Tapine,New Zealand rugby league player
- 1998–Alexander O'Connor,English musician[36]
Deaths
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 408–Venerius,archbishop of Milan
- 784–Arbeo,bishop of Freising
- 1003–Herman II,duke of Swabia
- 1038–Gotthard of Hildesheim,German bishop (b. 960)
- 1406–Coluccio Salutati,chancellor of Florence (b. 1331)
- 1436–Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson,Swedish rebel leader (27 AprilO.S.).[37]
- 1471–Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales,son and heir ofHenry VI of England(b. 1453)
- 1471 –Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset(b. 1438)
- 1483–George Neville, Duke of Bedford(b. 1457)
- 1506–Husayn Mirza Bayqara,Timurid ruler of Herat (b. 1438)
- 1519–Lorenzo de' Medici,duke of Urbino (b. 1492)[38]
- 1535–John Houghton,Carthusian monk and saint
- 1562–Lelio Sozzini,Italian Protestant theologian (b. 1525)
- 1566–Luca Ghini,Italian physician and botanist (b. 1490)
- 1571–Pierre Viret,Swiss theologian and reformer (b. 1511)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1604–Claudio Merulo,Italian organist and composer (b. 1533)
- 1605–Ulisse Aldrovandi,Italian naturalist (b. 1522)
- 1615–Adriaan van Roomen,Flemish priest and mathematician (b. 1561)
- 1626–Arthur Lake,English bishop and scholar (b. 1569)
- 1677–Isaac Barrow,English mathematician and theologian (b. 1630)
- 1684–John Nevison,English criminal (b. 1639)
- 1729–Louis Antoine de Noailles,French cardinal (b. 1651)
- 1734–James Thornhill,English painter and politician (b. 1675)
- 1737–Eustace Budgell,English journalist and politician (b. 1686)
- 1774–Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick,Prussian nobleman (b. 1714)
- 1776–Jacques Saly,French painter and sculptor (b. 1717)
- 1790–Matthew Tilghman,American politician (b. 1718)
- 1799–Tipu,ruler of Mysore (b. 1750)
- 1811–Nikolay Kamensky,Russian general (b. 1776)
- 1816–Samuel Dexter,American lawyer and politician, 4thUnited States Secretary of War,3rdUnited States Secretary of the Treasury(b. 1761)
- 1824–Joseph Joubert,French author (b. 1754)
- 1826–Sebastián Kindelán y O'Regan,colonial governor ofEast Florida,Santo Domingoand Cuba (b. 1757)[39]
- 1839–Denis Davydov,Russian general and poet (b. 1784)
- 1859–Joseph Diaz Gergonne,French mathematician and philosopher (b. 1771)
- 1880–Edward Clark,American lawyer and politician, 8thGovernor of Texas(b. 1815)
1901–present
[edit]- 1901–John Jones Ross,Canadian lawyer and politician, 7thPremier of Quebec(b. 1831)
- 1903–Gotse Delchev,Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionaryIMRO(b. 1872)
- 1912–Nettie Stevens,American geneticist credited with discoveringsex chromosomes(b. 1861)[40]
- 1916–Ned Daly,Irish rebel commander (Easter Rising) (b. 1891)
- 1916 –John Murray,Australian politician, 23rdPremier of Victoria(b. 1851)
- 1916 –Willie Pearse,Irish rebel (b. 1881)
- 1916 –Joseph Plunkett,Irish rebel and writer (b. 1887)
- 1919–Milan Rastislav Štefánik,Slovak general and politician (b. 1880)
- 1922–Viktor Kingissepp,Estonian politician (b. 1888)
- 1923–Ralph McKittrick,American golfer and tennis player (b. 1877)
- 1924–E. Nesbit,English author and poet (b. 1858)
- 1938–Kanō Jigorō,Japanese founder ofjudo(b. 1860)
- 1938 –Carl von Ossietzky,German journalist and activist,Nobel Prizelaureate (b. 1889)
- 1941–Chris McKivat,Australian rugby player and coach (b. 1880)
- 1945–Fedor von Bock,German field marshal (b. 1880)
- 1953–Alexandre Pharamond,French rugby player (b. 1876)[41]
- 1955–George Enescu,Romanian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1881)
- 1964–Karl Robert Pusta,Estonian politician, 4thEstonian Minister of Foreign Affairs(b. 1883)
- 1969–Osbert Sitwell,English-Italian author and poet (b. 1892)
- 1971–William Brown Meloney,writer and theatrical producer (b. 1902)[42]
- 1972–Father Chrysanthus,Dutch arachnologist (b. 1905)[43]
- 1972 –Edward Calvin Kendall,American chemist and academic,Nobel Prizelaureate (b. 1886)
- 1973–Jane Bowles,American author and playwright (b. 1917)
- 1975–Moe Howard,American actor, singer, and screenwriter (b. 1897)
- 1976–Frank Strahan,Australian public servant (b. 1886)
- 1980–Josip Broz Tito,Yugoslav field marshal and politician, 1stPresident of Yugoslavia(b. 1892)
- 1981–C. Loganathan,Sri Lankan banker (b. 1913)
- 1983–Nino Sanzogno,Italian conductor and composer (b. 1911)
- 1984–Diana Dors,English actress (b. 1931)
- 1985–Fikri Sönmez,Turkish tailor and politician (b. 1938)
- 1985 –Clarence Wiseman,English-Canadian 10thGeneral of The Salvation Army(b. 1907)
- 1987–Paul Butterfield,American singer and harmonica player (b. 1942)[44]
- 1987 –Cathryn Damon,American actress (b. 1930)
- 1988–Lillian Estelle Fisher,American historian of Spanish America (b. 1891)
- 1990–Emily Remler,American guitarist (b. 1957)
- 1991–Mohammed Abdel Wahab,Egyptian singer-songwriter and mandolin player (b. 1902)
- 1992–Gregor Mackenzie,Scottish politician (b. 1927)
- 1993–France Štiglic,Slovenian film director and screenwriter (b. 1919)
- 1995–Connie Wisniewski,American baseball player (b. 1922)[45]
- 2000–Hendrik Casimir,Dutch physicist and academic (b. 1909)
- 2001–Bonnie Lee Bakley,American model, wife ofRobert Blake(b. 1956)
- 2004–David Reimer,Canadian man, born male but reassigned female and raised as a girl after a botched circumcision (b. 1965)[46]
- 2005–David Hackworth,American colonel and journalist (b. 1930)
- 2008–Fred Baur,American chemist and founder ofPringles(b. 1918)[47]
- 2009–Dom DeLuise,American actor, director, and producer (b. 1933)
- 2011–Sammy McCrory,Northern Irish footballer (b. 1924)
- 2012–Mort Lindsey,American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1923)
- 2012 –Bob Stewart,American television producer, foundedStewart Tele Enterprises(b. 1920)
- 2012 –Adam Yauch,American rapper and director (b. 1964)
- 2012 –Rashidi Yekini,Nigerian footballer (b. 1963)
- 2013–Otis Bowen,American physician and politician, 44thGovernor of Indiana(b. 1918)
- 2013 –Christian de Duve,English-Belgian cytologist and biochemist,Nobel Prizelaureate (b. 1917)
- 2013 –Javier Diez Canseco,Peruvian sociologist and politician (b. 1948)
- 2013 –Mario Machado,Chinese-American journalist and actor (b. 1935)
- 2013 –Morgan Morgan-Giles,English admiral and politician (b. 1914)
- 2013 –César Portillo de la Luz,Cuban guitarist and composer (b. 1922)
- 2014–Dick Ayers,American author and illustrator (b. 1924)
- 2014 –Elena Baltacha,Ukrainian-Scottish tennis player (b. 1983)
- 2014 –Edgar Cortright,American scientist and engineer (b. 1923)
- 2014 –Helga Königsdorf,German physicist and author (b. 1938)
- 2014 –Ross Lonsberry,Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1947)
- 2014 –Jean-Paul Ngoupandé,Central African politician,Prime Minister of the Central African Republic(b. 1948)
- 2015–William Bast,American screenwriter and author (b. 1931)
- 2015 –Ellen Albertini Dow,American actress (b. 1913)
- 2015 –Marv Hubbard,American football player (b. 1946)[48]
- 2016–Jean-Baptiste Bagaza,Burundian politician (b. 1946)
- 2020–Don Shula,American football player and coach (b. 1930)[49]
- 2020 –Greg Zanis,American carpenter and activist (b. 1950)[50]
- 2021–Nick Kamen,English model, songwriter (b. 1962)[51]
- 2024–Ron Kavana,Irish singer, songwriter, guitarist and band leader (b. 1950)[52]
- 2024 –Frank Stella,American painter (b. 1936)[53]
Holidays and observances
[edit]- Anti-Bullying Day(United Nations)
- Bird Day(United States)
- Cassinga Day(Namibia)
- Christianfeast day:
- BlessedCeferino Giménez Malla
- BlessedMichał Giedroyć
- English Saints and Martyrs of the Reformation Era(Church of England)
- F. C. D. Wyneken(Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod)
- Florian
- José María Rubio
- Judas Cyriacus
- Monica of Hippo(1960 Roman Catholic Calendar)
- Sacerdos of Limoges
- Venerius of Milan
- May 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Coal MinersDay (India)[54]
- Death of Milan Rastislav Štefánik Day(Slovakia)
- Greenery Day(Japan)
- International Firefighters' Day
- May Fourth Movementcommemorations:
- Remembrance Day for Martyrs and Disabled(Afghanistan)
- Remembrance of the Dead(Netherlands)
- Restoration of Independence Day(Latvia)
- Star WarsDay(International observance)
- World Give Day
- Youth Day (Fiji)
References
[edit]- ^Flannery, John M. (2013).The Mission of the Portuguese Augustinians to Persia and Beyond (1602-1747).Lieden: Brill. p. 40.ISBN9789004243828.
- ^Bray, Gerald (2018). "On the Truth of Holy Scripture (1377-1378) John Wycliffe (c. 1328-1384)". In Kapic, Kelly M.; Madueme, Hans (eds.).Reading Christian Theology in the Protestant Tradition.London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. p. 290.ISBN9780567566768;Christianson, Gerald (2012). "Wycliff's Ghost: The Politics of Reunion at the Council of Basel".Reform, Representation and Theology in Nicholas of Cusa and His Age.New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 91.ISBN9781003420835;Fastiggi, Robert L. (2017).The Sacrament of Reconciliation: An Anthropological and Scriptural Understanding.Chicago: Hillenbrand Books. p. 96, fn. 17.ISBN9781595250438.
- ^Riis, Thomas (2015). "The States of Scandinavia, c. 1390-c. 1536". In Allmand, Christopher (ed.).The New Cambridge Medieval Vistory. Volume VII: c.1415-c. 1500.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 682.ISBN9781107568914;Harrison, Dick (1997)."Murder and Execution within the Political Sphere in Fifteenth-century Scandinavia".Scandia.63(2): 261.
- ^Panton, Kenneth J. (2011).Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy.Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. pp. 159, 167.ISBN9780810857797.
- ^Hébié, Mamadou (2018). "The Acquisition of Original Titles of Territorial Sovereignty in the Law and Practice of European Colonial Expansion". In Kohen, Marcelo G.; Hébié, Mamadou (eds.).Research Handbook on Territorial Disputes in International Law.Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 48–50.ISBN9781782546863.
- ^Kroessler, Jeffrey A. (2002).New York Year By Year: A Chronology of the Great Metropolis.New York: New York University Press. p. 9.ISBN9780814747513.
- ^Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015).The Encyclopedia of World Ballet.Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 175.ISBN9781442245259.
- ^Lippitt, Charles Warren (1906).The Rhode Island Declaration of Independence, May 4 1776.Providence, R.I: Rhode Island Citizens Historical Association. p. 30.OCLC1599182.
- ^Rosenberg, Chaim M. (2017).Losing America, Conquering India: Lord Cornwallis and the Remaking of the British Empire.Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. p. 130.ISBN9781476668123.
- ^Maclachlan, Archibald Neil Campbell (1869).Napoleon at Fontainebleau and Elba: Being a Journal of Occurrences in 1814-1815.London: J. Murray. pp. 214–216.OCLC2580699.
- ^Piqueras, José Antonio (2020). "The End of the Legal Slave Trade in Cuba and the Second Slavery". In Tomich, Dale W. (ed.).Atlantic Transformations: Empire, Politics, and Slavery During the Nineteenth Century.Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. 83.ISBN9781438477855.
- ^Watson, William E.; Halus, Eugene J. (2015).Irish Americans: The History and Culture of a People.Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 171.ISBN9781610694667.
- ^Campbell, J.M. (November 1958)."Some New Brunel Letters".The Journal of Transport History(4): 201.doi:10.1177/002252665800300403.
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