Mbaise

Mbaiseis a region inImo Statein southeasternNigeria.In the heart ofIgboland,the region includes several towns and cities. The population is composed of indigenous clans, connected by intermarriage. With a population density of over 1,000 people per square kilometer, Mbaise isWest Africa's most densely-populated area; its 2006 population was 611,204.

The name "Mbaise" was derived from five clans:Agbaja,Ahiara,Ekwereazu,Ezi na IhiteandOke Uvuru.The threelocal government areasof Mbaise cover about 404 km²(156 sq mi);Aboh Mbaisecovers 185 km²(71 sq mi),Ahiazu Mbaisecovers 111 km²(43 sq mi), andEzinihitte Mbaisecovers 108 km²(42 sq mi).

History

Mbaise came under British rule in 1902 during theAnglo-Aro War,when the British Aro Expeditionary Force subdued theAro ConfederacyinOwerriand Mbaise.By 1906, at the conclusion of the operation, present-day Mbaise was united under British control with some local autonomy.

To supervise the clans, a native court was established inObohiain 1907 and transferred toNguruin 1909.In 1929, the Nguru court was destroyed as a result of the IgboWomen's War.Regional courts were opened in Obohia,Itu,IfeandEnyiogoguin response to thehome rulemovement of the 1930s. The region was united as a political and administrative unit in 1941. Councils were formed by 1945, loosely based on autonomous communities. It was from councils that the three local Governments were created from the councils.Ahiazu Mbaisewas a merger of the Ahiara and Ekwerazu councils, andAboh Mbaisewas a merger of the Oke-Ovoro and Agbaja councils.Ezinihitte Mbaiseremained by itself except for Isu Obiangwu and Umuohiagu, two small villages which joined the Ngor-Okpala from theAgbajaregion.

Until Europeans arrived in Nigeria, Mbaise economy was based onsubsistence agriculture.In Igboland, government was based on kinship and customs. The village group (a weekly gathering of men) was the highest level of organization, with theamalain power.Thealadimmacurrently exercises power.Chinua Achebedescribed pre-colonial life in his novel,Things Fall Apart.

When the British colonial administration was introduced in the Southern Protectorate of Nigeria, the government established a native court at Nkwogwu Nguru in 1905 and built a residence for the British there. Dr. Rogers Stewart, who took a wrong turn on his bicycle, was captured and killed in a case of mistaken identity.The 1906 Ahiara Punitive Expedition, led by Captains Brian Douglas and Harold Hastings, began reprisals in the region.

In 1927, the colonial government introduced taxation. Taxes were increased in 1929, and theWomen's Warbegan to protest social and economic oppression. The native court at Nkwogwu was destroyed and the governor's residence was sacked. Courts were established inItu(for Ezinihitte); Afor Enyiogugu (for Agbaja); Obohia (for Ekwerazu); Orie-Ahiara (for Ahiara); and Uvuru (for Oke-Uvuru).

On June 12, 1941, Mbaise became a federation of five clans: the Agbaja (Nguru, Okwuato, Enyiogugu, Obiangwu, and Umuohiagu), Ekwerazu, Ahiara, Ezinihitte, and Oke-Uvuru. A treasury was opened in Enyiogugu in 1942, and was transferred to Aboh in 1948. Obiangwu and Umuohiagu, which had been parts of Agbaja, joinedNgor Okpalain 1957. Mbaise now had three local governments: Ahiazu, Aboh-Mbaise, and Ezinihitte. Between 1955 and 1958, the Mbaise County Council began two landmark development projects: Mbaise Secondary School and Mbaise Joint Hospital (now General Hospital), both inAboh.

Culture and demographics

The people are predominantly Igbo. About 55 percent areCatholics,35 percent areProtestants,and other religions make up the remainder. Some cultural and traditional ceremonies have survived Western influence. The eight-day Ahianjoku festival honored the yam deity; since 1946, the annual August 15 new-yam festival has been a Christian version of the Ahianjoku festival. Oji Ezinihitte celebrates the Ezinihitte on January 1 each year. Itu Aka, before the farming season, encourages the people to weather the environment, modernity, and new challenges. A local salad,ugba,is served withraffia wine.

Mbaise women are celebrated for their fertility. To be aneghu ukwu,a woman must bear at least 10 children; some women have given birth to as many as 15.

Mbaise culture is rich in music and Igbo dance.Music is played on the wood xylophone, hand piano, long short and slit drums, pots, gongs, bamboo horn andcalabash.There are dances for childbirth, marriage, funerals, communal labor, and other social occasions.Theagbacha ekurunwadance is performed for childbirth, andalijaandogbongelengeare performed for marriage.Eseike,esse,ekwerikwe mgbaandnkwa Ikeare performed at funerals of men, andukoandEkereavufor funerals of women. D. I. Nwoga, who brought anabigbogroup to the United States during the 1980s, wrote that the musicians and dancers philosophize, criticize, admonish and praise with their performances.

Climate

Tropical weather prevails in Mbaise. The region has notable precipitation levels for most months in a given year. There is, however, a short time frame that is characterised by aridity. The predominant climate in this area falls under the Köppen-Geiger classification and is designated as Am. According to the information available, the average annual temperature in Mbaise is 25.9 °C (78.6 °F). Here, there is roughly 2412 mm (95.0 inches) of precipitation per year.

Sources and further reading

• Agulanna, E. C. (2008).The Mbaiseness of Mbaise(2nd ed.). Owerri, Nigeria: Career Publishers.
• Njoku, C. A. C (2003).History and Culture of Mbaise from Earliest Times to AD 2001.Owerri, Nigeria: Celaju.
• Nwoga, D. I. (1978). "Culture and Religion in Contemporary Mbaise". In T. U. Nwala (ed.).Mbaise in Contemporary Nigeria.New York: Gold and Maestro.
• Njoku, G. (1978) "Mbais in Pre-colonial and Colonial Nigeria" in T. U. Nwala (ed.),Mbaise in Contemporary Nigeria.New York: Gold & Maestro.
• Achebe, Chinua.Things Fall Apart.New York: Anchor Books, 1994.ISBN0385474547