Mbum language

Mbum
Mboum, Buna, Mboumtiba and Wuna
Native to	Cameroon,Central African Republic
Native speakers	(51,000 cited 1982–1996)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Vorta-Congo North Adamawa–Ubangi Adamawa Mbum–Day Mbum Mbum
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mdd
Glottolog	mbum1254

Mbum Proper(alsoMboum, Buna, Mboumtiba and Wuna)is aAdamawa–Ubangilanguage ofCentral Africa.It is spoken by about 50,000 people inCameroonand theCentral African Republic.

History

The Mbum language is spoken by theMbum peoplewho inhabit Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Chad. While their origins are unclear, some believe that the Mbum were one of the earliest ethnic groups of theAdamawa Region.

The Mbum people have such a close relationship with theDii people,and one which has persisted for so long, that outsiders often have a hard time distinguishing them.In the early nineteenth century, both groups came under the rule of theFulaniMuslims, who they are said to have intermarried in large numbers. Despite this, the Mbum and Dii peoples still managed to hold on to their traditional spiritual beliefs until the twentieth century. The Mbum converted toIslam,while the Dii converted toChristianity.

Varieties

Mbum is a complexdialect continuumconsisting of several varieties.ALCAM(2012) considersMbum,Larang,PanaandGbatato be four distinct but closely related languages. Pana (also spoken in Chad), Karang, Kali-dek and Kuo are eastern varieties that may be separate languages.

To the south,Gbatais spoken in the northern part of the arrondissement ofBélaboinLom-et-Djeremdepartment, Eastern Region. There, it is spoken in Woutchaba and Deng-Deng, located to the west and east of theSanaga River,respectively.Blench (2006) considers Gbete (Gbata) to be a separate language.

The LiMbum is spoken to the South West especially in the Donga Mantung and around the Nkambe and Ndu Sub Divisions.

Distribution

Mbum is spoken in:

• Adamaoua Region
  • Vina department(NgaoundéréandMbecommunes)
  • Djeremdepartment (NgaoundalandTibaticommunes)
  • Faro-et-Déodepartment (Tignèrecommunes)
• North Region
  • Mayo-Reydepartment (Touborocommune)
  • Faro department(Policommune)
• North West Region*

Limbum is spoken in the Donga Mantung Particularly in Ndu and Nkambe Subdivisions.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labio- velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t		k	k͡p
	voiced	b	d		ɡ	ɡ͡b
	prenasal	ᵐb	ⁿd		ᵑɡ	ᵑᵐɡ͡b
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s				h
	voiced	v	z
	prenasal	ᶬv	ⁿz
Trill/Tap		ⱱ	r
Lateral			l
Approximant				j		w

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	iĩ		uũ
Mid	e		o
Open		aã

Further reading

• Roger Blench, 2004.List of Adamawa languages(ms)

• A rapid appraisal survey of Gbeteby Jason Diller & Kari Jordan-Diller, 2002. SIL Electronic Survey Reports SILESR 2002-050.