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Medical specialty
Medical toxicology is asubspecialty ofmedicine focusing ontoxicology and providing thediagnosis ,management ,andprevention ofpoisoning and otheradverse effects due tomedications ,occupational andenvironmental toxicants, and biological agents.[ 1] poisoning ,adverse drug reactions (ADRs),drug overdoses ,envenomations ,substance abuse ,industrial accidents ,and other chemical exposures.
Medical toxicology is officially recognized as a medical subspecialty by theAmerican Board of Medical Specialties .[ 1] physicians ,whose primary specialization is generally inemergency medicine ,occupational medicine ,orpediatrics .
Medical toxicology is closely related toclinical toxicology ,with the latter discipline encompassing non-physicians as well (generallypharmacists orscientists ).
Professional services and venues [ edit ] Inemergency departments ,intensive care units ,and otherinpatient units, medical toxicologists provide direct treatment and bedside consultation of acutely poisoned adults and children.[ 1]
Inoutpatient clinics, offices, and job sites, medical toxicologists evaluate the health impact from acute and chronic exposure to toxic substances in the workplace, home, and general environment.[ 1]
In regionalpoison control centers ,medical toxicologists provide advice.[ 1]
Inmedical schools ,universities, and clinical training sites, medical toxicologists teach, research, and provide advancedevidence-based patient care.[ 1]
Inindustry andcommerce ,medical toxicologists contribute topharmaceutical research anddrug safety .[ 1]
Ingovernment agencies ,such as theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention and theFood and Drug Administration ,[ 1] health policy .In some of these settings, medical toxicologists are employed to help other physicians prepare for dealing with the aftermath ofcrimes such asbioterrorism andwar crimes such aschemical warfare andbiological warfare .
Inclinical laboratories andforensic laboratories ,medical toxicologists analyze and interpretdiagnostic tests and forensic studies.[ 1] Nelson, Lewis S.; Lewin Neal; Howland Mary Ann; Hoffman, Robert S.; Goldfrank, Lewis R.; Flomenbaum, Neal (2010).Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 9th Edition .New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division.ISBN 978-0-07-143763-9 Dart, Richard C. (2003).Medical Toxicology .Phila: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.ISBN 0-7817-2845-2
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